Retinopatía diabética y ceguera en España. Epidemiología y prevención / Diabetic retinopathy and blindness in Spain: epidemiology and prevention

La retinopatía diabética sigue siendo una causa importante de ceguera en España. Entre las personas con diabetes mellitus la prevalencia de ceguera oscila entre el 4 y el 11%, mayor que la de otros países (entre el1 y el 5%). La prevalencia de retinopatía diabética en España, aunque varía según los estudios, está alrededor del 40%, la de retinopatía diabética proliferativa entre el 4 y el 6% y del edema macular entre el 1,4y el 7,9%. El cribado sistemático ha demostrado ser un instrumento eficaz para la disminución de la incidencia de deficiencia visual y ceguera. Su cumplimiento está alrededor del 50% en atención primaria y por encimadel 70% en la atención especializada. Aunque hay evidencias de que la incidencia de retinopatía diabética está disminuyendo en Europa y Estados Unidos, en España sólo hay algún estudio aislado que muestra este cambio. Distintas guías apoyan el cribado de la retinopatía diabética con cámara no midriática por presentar el mejor resultado de costoefectividad y por su facilidad de uso (AU)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains an important cause of blindness in Spain. The prevalence of blindness in diabetic persons ranges from 4% to 11% and is higher than in other countries (between 1 and 5%).The prevalence of DR in Spain varies in the distinct studies but is approximately 40%,while that of proliferative DR is between4% and 6% and that of macular edema is between 1.4 % and 7.9%. Routine screening is effective in reducing the incidence of visual loss and blindness. Screening compliance is about 50% in primary care and is over 70% in specialized care. Although there is some evidence that the incidence of DR is decreasing in Europe and the USA, only a few studies have reported the same trend in Spain. Screening of DR with non mydriatic camera has been supported by several guidelines, since this procedure shows the best cost-effectiveness ratio and is easy to use (AU)

Diabetic retinopathy and blindness in Spain: epidemiology and prevention.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains an important cause of blindness in Spain. The prevalence of blindness in diabetic persons ranges from 4% to 11% and is higher than that in other countries (between 1 and 5%). The prevalence of DR in Spain varies in the distinct studies but is approximately 40%, while that of proliferative DR is between 4% and 6% and that of macular edema is between 1.4 % and 7.9%. Routine screening is effective in reducing the incidence of visual loss and blindness. Screening compliance is about 50% in primary care and is over 70% in specialized care. Although there is some evidence that the incidence of DR is decreasing in Europe and the USA, only a few studies have reported the same trend in Spain. Screening of DR with nonmydriatic camera has been supported by several guidelines, since this procedure shows the best cost-effectiveness ratio and is easy to use.