ABSTRACT
Introduction: Compound dorsal ganglion of tubercular etiology involving the dorsum aspect of wrist is a rare entity. It is very rarely seen lately, due to early diagnosis and effective treatment regimen and this case is probably the first to be reported involving the dorsum aspect of wrist. Case Report: This case report presents a 54-year-old male patient presented to us complaints of swelling and pain in dorsum of hand and wrist for 6 months. On examination, we found multiple swellings on Rt. dorsum of hand and dorsal aspect of wrist restriction of movements at wrist. After thorough clinical and radiological evaluation, patient has been posted for excision biopsy and confirmed as compound dorsal ganglion. Conclusion: Compound dorsal ganglion is a disease with great diagnostic challenge due to its masquerade clinical presentation and confirmed by histopathological examination. Early diagnosis, complete debulking, and antitubercular therapy prevent further spread of disease and improves the patient functionally.
ABSTRACT
Fasciolid flukes are among the largest and best known digenetic trematodes and have considerable historical and veterinary significance. Fasciola hepatica is commonly implicated in causing disease in humans. The origins, patterns of diversification, and biogeography of fasciolids are all poorly known. We have undertaken a molecular phylogenetic study using 28S, internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, and mitochondrial nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) that included seven of the nine recognized species in the family. The fasciolids examined comprise a monophyletic group with the most basal species recovered from African elephants. We hypothesize fasciolids migrated from Africa to Eurasia, with secondary colonization of Africa. Fasciolids have been conservative in maintaining relatively large adult body size, but anatomical features of their digestive and reproductive systems are available. These flukes have been opportunistic, with respect to switching to new snail (planorbid to lymnaeid) and mammalian hosts and from intestinal to hepatic habitats within mammals.
