Oral Rehabilitation of Marginal Maxillectomy Patient After Local Flap Reconstruction.

The treatment of oral cancer can lead to various oral complications, including oral defects, tissue deformation, and trismus in patients who have undergone oral cancer surgery with resection of any part of the maxillary. Restoring the ability to chew, swallow, and maintain esthetics is essential and a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to report a successful clinical case of preprosthetic surgery and prosthetic rehabilitation of a 65-year-old man who had undergone marginal maxillectomy, resulting in tissue scarring and a significant reduction in maximal mouth opening. The oral rehabilitation was achieved using a conventional removable prosthesis. This case demonstrates that preprosthetic surgery combined with conventional removable prosthesis is an effective strategy for complex rehabilitations providing functional and esthetic improvement in the affected area for patients with marginal maxillectomies resulting from oral cancer.

Pythium insidiosum complex hides a cryptic novel species: Pythium periculosum.

Early phylogenetic analysis of Pythium insidiosum, the etiologic agent of pythiosis in mammals, showed the presence of a complex comprising three monophyletic clusters. Two included isolates recovered from cases of pythiosis in the Americas (Cluster I) and Asia (Cluster II), whereas the third cluster included four diverged isolates three from humans in Thailand and the USA, and one isolate from a USA spectacled bear (Cluster III). Thereafter, several phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of at least three monophyletic clusters, with most isolates placed in clusters I and II. Recent phylogenetic analyses using isolates from environmental sources and from human cases in India, Spain, Thailand, and dogs in the USA, however, showed the presence of two monophyletic groups each holding two sub-clusters. These studies revealed that P. insidiosum possesses different phylogenetic patterns to that described by early investigators. In this study, phylogenetic, population genetic and protein MALDI-TOF analyses of the P. insidiosum isolates in our culture collection, as well as those available in the database, showed members in the proposed cluster III and IV are phylogenetically different from that in clusters I and II. Our analyses of the complex showed a novel group holding two sub-clusters the USA (Cluster III) and the other from different world regions (Cluster IV). The data showed the original P. insidiosum cluster III is a cryptic novel species, now identified as P. periculosum. The finding of a novel species within P. insidiosum complex has direct implications in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of pythiosis in mammalian hosts.

Estudo comparativo da microbiota fúngica oral em profissionais da área da saúde, pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e indivíduos isentos de contato hospitalar / Comparative study of oral fungal microbiota in healthcare professionals, patients interned in intensive care unit and individuals without hospital contact

O conhecimento sobre a microflora fúngica oral em pacientes com COVID-19 ainda precisam ser avaliadas. Este estudo tem como objetivo mapear e comparar as principais espécies de fungos presentes na cavidade oral (com foco nas espécies de Candida) de pacientes com COVID-19 em unidades de terapia intensiva e seus profissionais de saúde. A coleta oral foi realizada com swabs em cento e vinte e oito indivíduos (incluindo um grupo controle). As amostras foram cultivadas em CHROMagar (CROMOagar, Pinhais, PR. Br) e incubadas a 37°C por 7 dias. Seguindo as instruções do fabricante foi realizada uma identificação inicial das espécies de Candida isoladas. A identificação final das espécies foi realizada utilizando DNA genômico extraído dos fungos isolados e PCR com primers universais 18S SSURNA e sequenciamento genético. A dessorção a laser assistida por matriz/tempo de voo de ionização (MALDI-TOF) também foi implementada juntamente com os procedimentos moleculares. Oito espécies diferentes de Candida (incluindo espécies de Pichia), Ogataea polymorpha, Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Trichosporum ashii foram identificadas na cavidade oral da população investigada. A análise comparativa, usando dados filogenéticos e MALDI-TOF, das espécies isoladas de Candida, mostrou uma correlação estatística entre as espécies presentes em pacientes e profissionais de saúde, sugerindo transmissão putativa entre os dois grupos. Nossos dados pedem medidas sobre estratégias de biossegurança para controlar possíveis contaminações de superfícies e a transmissão de patógenos que representam riscos à qualidade de vida em ambientes de saúde.

Information regarding oral fungal microflora in patients with COVID-19 has yet to be evaluated. This study aims are to map and compare the main species of fungi present in the oral cavity (with focus on Candida species) of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units and their health providers. The oral collection was carried out with swabs in one hundred twenty-eight individuals (including a control group). The samples were cultured on CHROMagar (CROMOagar, Pinhais, PR. Br) and incubated at 37°C for 7 days. Following the manufacturer's instructions an initial identification of the isolated Candida species was performed. The final identification of the species was carried out using genomic DNA extracted from the isolated fungi and PCR with 18S SSURNA universal primers and genetic sequencing. Matrix-Assisted Laser desorption/Ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) was also implemented along with the molecular procedures. Eight different Candida species (including Pichia species), Ogataea polymorpha, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Trichosporum ashii were identified in the oral cavity of the investigated population. Comparative analysis, using phylogenetic and MALDI-TOF data, of the isolated Candida species, showed a statistic correlation between the species present in patients and health care providers, suggesting putative transmission between the two groups. Our data call for measurements on biosecurity strategies to control possible contamination of surfaces and the transmission of pathogens that pose risks to the quality of life in health care environments.

The taxonomy of two uncultivated fungal mammalian pathogens is revealed through phylogeny and population genetic analyses.

Ever since the uncultivated South American fungal pathogen Lacazia loboi was first described 90 years ago, its etiology and evolutionary traits have been at the center of endless controversies. This pathogen infects the skin of humans and as long believed, dolphin skin. However, recent DNA analyses of infected dolphins placed its DNA sequences within Paracoccidioides species. This came as a surprise and suggested the human and dolphin pathogens may be different species. In this study, population genetic analyses of DNA from four infected dolphins grouped this pathogen in a monophyletic cluster sister to P. americana and to the other Paracoccidioides species. Based on the results we have emended the taxonomy of the dolphin pathogen as Paracoccidioides cetii and P. loboi the one infecting human. Our data warn that phylogenetic analysis of available taxa without the inclusion of unusual members may provide incomplete information for the accurate classification of anomalous species.

Ichthyophonosis in Peruvian rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: identification of endemic areas using molecular and histopathological tools.

Ichthyophonus infection was first detected in Peruvian Oncorhynchus mykiss in 1986, but the occurrence of ichthyophonosis disease in the region is unknown. This study investigated the presence and distribution of Ichthyophonus sp. in Peruvian rainbow trout using traditional and DNA sequencing tools. Between 2007 and 2008, 205 rainbow trout from 13 hatcheries in the Mantaro river basin were examined for the presence of Ichthyophonus, and at that time only 3 farms were positive. This early study confirmed the presence of Ichthyophonus sp. in the Tranca Grande lagoon for the first time, at a prevalence of 50%. In 2012, examination of 240 trout from 24 fish farms in 2 Peruvian Departments found 9 infected farms. More recently, in 2018, Ichthyophonus sp. was found in Lake Titicaca, infecting a trout in the Ichu area (in the Department of Puno). Our molecular analysis of the infected trout showed that ichthyophonosis disease in the Peruvian trout was caused by Ichthyophonus sp. Clade C. The finding of this pathogen in Lake Titicaca should be an alert for nearby farms and entities dealing with fish of economic importance in the rivers of Peru.

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Endodontic Treatment of Deciduous Teeth: In Vivo Pilot Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) in infected deciduous teeth by quantifying the viable bacteria in root canal treatment. Material and Methods: Radicular canal cultures were collected (n= 10). Four intra-canal samples were collected at four different times in each of the sampled teeth, as follows: Time 1 (T1), baseline: After opening the pulp-chamber; Time 2 (T2): After application of aPDT; Time 3 (T3): After mechanical, chemical manipulation; Time 4 (T4): After a second application of aPDT. The aPDT was performed with a 4J/cm energy low-intensity diode, together with 0.005% methylene blue as a photosensitizer. The clinical specimens were taken to the laboratory for a bacteria count (colony forming units) and the results were statistically analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, with a significance level of α=0.05. Results: Statistical differences were seen between the numbers of bacteria at times T1-T2, T1-T3 and T1-T4 on the cultivated plates. However, no significant statistical differences were observed between the number of bacteria in samples T2-T3, T2-T4 and T3-T4. Conclusion: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy can be a good co-adjuvant in root canal decontamination of necrotic primary teeth.

An unusual case of cutaneous feline pythiosis.

Pythiosis is frequently reported in dogs and horses inhabiting tropical, subtropical and temperate areas of the USA, but the disease is rare in domestic cats. The clinical presentation of feline pythiosis includes subcutaneous masses without ulcerated tissue and involvement of the intestinal tract. Here in we report an eight-week-old female unvaccinated stray kitten with an unusual extensive circular ulcerated lesion on her left flank. The lesion did not respond favorably to administration of systemic antibiotics. Clinical specimens submitted for culture demonstrated submerged fungal-like flat colonies later identified as Pythium insidiosum, a finding also confirmed by histopathology, serology, and DNA sequencing and thus, treated with itraconazole. Since no improvement was observed, Pythium-immunotherapy was initiated. The cat responded to the latter approach and in less than 10 days, the lesion had contracted around the edges and was crusting off to reveal healthy granulation tissue. Twenty-three days after immunotherapy was initiated the original wound had shrunken significantly to a small scabbed area. However, the cat acutely developed tachypnea, lung and intestinal complications and due to her rapid deterioration, humane euthanasia was elected. Unfortunately, necropsy was not conducted. The clinical presentation reported here suggests large ulcerative cutaneous lesions caused by P. insidiosum can also occur in domestic cats. Despite reports of unsuccessful treatment results of feline pythiosis using Pythium-immunotherapy, this report suggests this approach might be helpful in similar feline cases.

Sugestão de um novo protocolo terapêutico para dentes permanentes com ápices não completamente formados, acometidos por luxação lateral / Suggestion of a new therapeutic protocol for permanent teeth with fully formed apices not, affected by dislocation

O presente estudo tem por finalidade apresentar o relato de um caso clínico de um dente permanente, com rizogênese incompleta, acometido por luxação lateral, tratado endodonticamente por meio de: protocolo terapêutico que associa hidróxido de cálcio, clorexidina gel a 2% e óxido de zinco (na proporção de 2:1:2) como medicação intracanal, sem necessidade de substituições. A medicação normalmente utilizada no tratamento convencional de apicificação prevê trocas frequentes da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio agregado a um veículo aquoso, viscoso ou oleoso. Para a medicação proposta neste artigo, a renovação da pasta não se fez necessária. Os autores concluíram que este protocolo é eficaz para tratamento de dente permanente com ápice aberto, pois obteve-se a manutenção do elemento dentário na cavidade bucal, cumprindo suas funções estéticas e mastigatórias, com uma diminuição no custo do tratamento e nas etapas do atendimento

Structural studies and investigation on the activity of imidazole-derived thiosemicarbazones and hydrazones against crop-related fungi.

New imidazole derived thiosemicarbazones and hydrazones were prepared by condensation of 4(5)-imidazole carboxaldehyde, 4-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)benzaldehyde and 4-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)acetophenone with a thiosemicarbazide or hydrazide. All compounds were characterized by quantitative elemental analysis, IR and NMR techniques. Eight structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The antifungal activities of the compounds were evaluated. None of the compounds exhibited significant activity against Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans, while 4(5)-imidazolecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (ImT) and 4-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)benzaldehyde thiosemicabazone (4ImBzT) were highly and selectively active against Cladosporium cladosporioides. 4(5)-Imidazolecarboxaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone (4(5)ImPh), 4(5)-imidazolecarboxaldehyde-para-chlorobenzoyl hydrazone (4(5)ImpClPh), 4(5)-imidazolecarboxaldehyde-para-nitrobenzoyl hydrazone (4(5)ImpNO2Ph), 4-(imidazole-1-yl)acetophenone-para-chloro-benzoyl hydrazone (4ImAcpClPh) and 4-(imidazole-1-yl)acetophenone-para-nitro-benzoylhydrazone (4ImAcpNO2Ph) were highly active against Candida glabrata. 4(5)ImpClPh and 4(5)ImpNO2Ph were very effective against C. cladosporioides. In many cases, activity was superior to that of the reference compound nystatin.

Adjuvant effect of green propolis on humoral immune response of bovines immunized with bovine herpesvirus type 5.

Despite recent technological advances in vaccine production, most vaccines depend on the association with adjuvant substances. In this study, propolis, which has been attracting the attention of researchers due to its bioactive properties, was evaluated as an immunological adjuvant. The association of 40mg/dose of an ethanolic extract of green propolis with an inactivated oil vaccine against bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5), resulted in a significant increase (P<0.01) in the neutralizing antibody levels, comparing to the bovines that received the same vaccine without propolis. Besides, propolis increased the percentage of animals with high antibody titers (above 32). Phenolic compounds such as artepillin C (3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) and the derivatives of cinnamic acid besides other flavonoid substances were abundant in the propolis extract used, and they could be the main substances with adjuvant action. The effect of the green propolis extract on the humoral immune response can be exploited in the development of new vaccines.