Late marginal ulcer perforation after Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass - A case report with two-step management.

INTRODUCTION: Marginal ulcers are an acid-related complication of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Few cases of acute perforation have been described, and there are few reports on viable surgical management. This case report demonstrates a two-step surgical procedure for treating a perforated late marginal ulcer in a patient with sepsis. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 39-year-old smoker presented to the emergency department six years after undergoing a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Diagnostic findings revealed ascites and changes in intestinal calibre, indicating the need for surgery. Intraoperatively, a perforated marginal ulcer covered by the liver was observed. Given the extent of the perforation and the patient's increased instability, discontinuity resection was performed. After stabilisation and improvement in the nutritional status, the gastrojejunostomy was restored nine weeks later. DISCUSSION: Treatment of Marginal ulcers is controversial, with no clear guidelines. However, severe complications require endoscopic or surgical treatment. The literature considers three main surgical treatment options for perforated marginal ulcers: surgical repair, surgical anastomotic revision, and gastric bypass reversal. Complicated situations, significant intraoperative findings, and unstable patients require tailored approaches. CONCLUSION: A two-step procedure with discontinuity resection for damage control surgery, patient stabilisation, and improvement of nutritional status, followed by elective continuity restoration with a new gastrojejunostomy, is considered feasible in critically ill patients.

Intra-abdominal foreign body as unexpected discovery mimicking suspicious malignancy.

Although rare, postoperatively retained foreign bodies in the abdominal cavity still represent a serious issue for the surgical team as for the patients. Its clinical manifestation is often unspecific and the cases are therefore only irregularly registered. There are several known factors that increase the risk of retention of a foreign body, for example emergency surgeries, unplanned changes in procedure or a high body mass index. In this article, we would like to report the case of a male patient with a foreign body in the right lower quadrant after open appendectomy mimicking a tumor.

Linear stapled gastrojejunostomy results in fewer strictures compared to circular stapled gastrojejunostomy in laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.

PURPOSE: Currently, there are two laparoscopic stapling techniques to perform the gastrojejunostomy in gastric bypass surgery: the linear stapling and circular stapling techniques. The aim of the study was to compare the two techniques regarding postoperative morbidity and weight loss at an accredited bariatric reference center in Switzerland. METHODS: We compared two consecutive cohorts at a single institution between November 2012 and June 2014 undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. The frequency of complications and weight loss at 1 year was assessed in 109 patients with the 21-mm circular stapling technique (CSA) and 134 patients with the linear stapling technique (LSA). RESULTS: Postoperative complications were more frequent in the CSA group with 23.9 versus 4.5% in the LSA group (p = <0.0001). The main difference was the frequency of strictures, which occurred in 15.6% in the CSA group versus 0% in the LSA group. As a result, endoscopic dilation was required at least once in 15 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in percentage of excessive weight loss (EWL) in both groups; EWL was 74% in the CSA group and 73% in the LSA group (p = 0.68). CONCLUSION: Linear stapled laparoscopic gastric bypass had fewer stenotic strictures with similar weight loss at 1 year compared to circular stapling technique.

Anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic single-port sigmoid resection: combined transanal and transabdominal minimal invasive management.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery has become the gold standard in the therapy of benignant and malignant colorectal pathologies. Anastomotic leakage is still a reason for laparotomy; applying a diverting stoma or performing a Hartman's procedure is common [1, 2]. Laparoscopic treatment of an early-detected anastomotic leakage is suggested from other authors [3, 4]. In our video we demonstrate a combined minimal invasive transabdominal and transanal treatment concept in patients with early-detected anastomotic leakage. METHODS: Two consecutive patients developing an anastomotic leakage after single-port laparoscopic sigmoid resection for stage II/III diverticulitis (Hanson & Stock) were treated with a combined minimal invasive approach. Anastomotic leakage was diagnosed by triple contrast computed tomography on postoperative day 4 in patient one and on postoperative day 7 in patient two. Operative treatment was performed immediately on the same day without delay. RESULTS: In both patients a combined transanal and transabdominal approach was performed. First step was a diagnostic laparoscopy in order to exclude fecal peritonitis. Using a single-port device (SILS Port Covidien), transanal inspection of the anastomosis was also performed: In both patients anastomotic tissue margins were vital, and the leakage affected only a quarter of the anastomotic circumference. Transanal stitches were placed to close the anastomotic leakage. Laparoscopic transabdominal irrigation was performed, and two suction drainages were placed in the pelvis. Postoperative antibiotic treatment and a gradual return to slid food were carried out. Functional result at follow-up of 102 and 112 days (with rectoscopy) showed no residual leak and no stricture of the anastomosis, and both of patients had a normal rectal function.

Gastric bypass: current results and different techniques.

Obesity has been steadily increasing over the last three decades and is one of the leading causes of increased health costs due to its associated comorbidities. Unfortunately, conservative treatment including lifestyle changes did not achieve the desired results. Bariatric surgery, on the other hand, has emerged as an effective and safe treatment for obesity and its related comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. Much time has passed since the first Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was performed in the 1960s, and the operation technique has since evolved. New variations such as the distal gastric bypass as well as the omega loop bypass have been developed. Today, the laparoscopic gastric bypass is still the most widely applied bariatric operation technique, followed by laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. The refinement of the surgical technique and the introduction of laparoscopy have resulted in low perioperative morbidity and mortality after gastric bypass surgery. In this article, we will be discussing the history of gastric bypass surgery as well as presenting current data on excessive weight loss and resolution of comorbidities with a focus on diabetes. We will be looking into newer techniques such as omega loop bypass and their efficacy compared to the standard gastric bypass. Furthermore, we will be addressing the most important early and long-term complications, their diagnostic strategies as well as their management.

Operative strategies for patients with failed primary bariatric procedures.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy to treat obesity and its sequelae. With the increasing incidence of obesity, the number of bariatric procedures has dramatically increased in recent years. The perioperative morbidity reached a very low level, and nearly all revisional bariatric procedures are primarily minimally invasive today. About 10-25% of the patients undergoing bariatric surgery require a revision at some point after their initial operation. Consequently, revisional bariatric surgery has emerged as a distinct practice, performed mainly at tertiary centers, to resolve complications caused by the primary operation and to provide satisfactory weight loss. In this review, our personal experience with revisional bariatric surgery is discussed against the background of the available literature. We further attempt to define major indications for revisional bariatric surgery and balance them with perioperative and long-term morbidity as well as the surgical outcome.

The relationship between increased body mass index and primary venous disease severity and concomitant deep primary venous reflux.

BACKGROUND: The role of overweight in chronic venous disease is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of overweight and obesity in chronic primary venous disease in relation to disease severity, using the CEAP and the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) as well as well as body weight on the presence of concomitant primary deep venous reflux. MATERIAL: Between October 2005 and September 2010, 1445 consecutive patients (2023 limbs) presenting with duplex ultrasound-confirmed chronic primary venous disease and planned for intervention were evaluated from a database. The patients were classified according to CEAP, the VCSS, and body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)), using the World Health Organization definition. Concomitant primary deep venous reflux was evaluated and re-examined following eradication of the superficial reflux. RESULTS: There were 636 normal weight patients (890 limbs; BMI <25), 526 overweight patients (740 limbs; BMI 25 to 29.9), and 283 obese patients (393 limbs; BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)). Overweight patients had more incompetent perforators (P < .001), hypertension (P < .001), and diabetes (P = .019) than normal weight patients and higher C class (CEAP classification) and VCSS (P < .001). Obese patients had more incompetent perforators (P < .001), hypertension (P < .001), diabetes (P = .004), and primary deep insufficiency (P < .001) than overweight patients as well as higher C class and VCSS (P < .001). Correlation between the C class and the VCSS was found excellent (r = 0.80). Obese patients had more axial reflux than the two other groups. There was no relationship between disease duration, body weight, and severity within each group. After eradication of superficial reflux, abolition of the deep reflux was lowest among obese patients (13.7%) compared with overweight patients (22.5%). CONCLUSIONS: There was a close relation between body weight and clinical severity of primary venous disease. Both overweight and obesity appear to be a separate risk factor for increased severity in patients with chronic primary venous disease without correlation to disease duration. CEAP and VCSS seem to accurately evaluate disease severity with an excellent correlation between the two scores. Concomitant primary deep venous reflux is more often observed in the obese patients, with less abolishment following eradication of the superficial reflux than observed for normal weight and overweight patients.