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1.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 20(3): e220017, 2022. tab, ilus, mapas
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1394489

ABSTRACT

A new species of Cyphocharax is described from the Upper Paraíba do Sul River basin, São Paulo, Brazil based on integrated morphological and molecular delimitation criteria. It is morphologically distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a round, dark blotch at the midlength of the caudal peduncle not extending to the proximal portions of the median caudal-fin rays, 19-20 circumpeduncular scales, 34-41 perforated lateral-line scales, 6-7 longitudinal scale rows above and below the lateral line, greatest body depth corresponding to 34.7-39.9% of standard length (SL), and the caudal peduncle depth corresponding to 13.3-15.2% of SL. The lowest genetic distances between the new species and other congeners are: 2.5% from C. gilbert, followed by 3.0% from C. santacatarinae, and 3.2% from C. aff. gilbert. All species delimitation criteria employed herein corroborated the recognition of the new species. In addition, comments on its conservation status are provided.(AU)


Uma nova espécie de Cyphocharax é descrita do alto rio Paraíba do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil, baseada em dados morfológicos e moleculares integrados. A espécie se distingue morfologicamente de seus congêneres por: apresentar uma mancha escura arredondada na porção média do pedúnculo caudal, não se estendendo à porção proximal dos raios medianos da nadadeira caudal, 19-20 escamas circunpedunculares, 34-41 escamas perfuradas na linha lateral, 6-7 escamas acima e abaixo da linha lateral, altura do corpo correspondendo à 34,7-39,9% do comprimento padrão (CP), e a altura do pedúnculo caudal correspondendo a 13,3-15,2% do CP. As menores distâncias genéticas entre a espécie nova e outras congêneres são: 2,5% de C gilbert, seguida de 3,0% de C. santacatarinae, e 3,2% de C. aff. gilbert. Todos os critérios de delimitação de espécies aqui empregados corroboraram o reconhecimento da nova espécie. Adicionalmente, comentários sobre seu estado de conservação são fornecidos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Phylogeny , Characiformes/classification , Characiformes/genetics , Brazil , Biomarkers/analysis
2.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 20(3): e220017, 2022. tab, ilus, mapas, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1396133

ABSTRACT

A new species of Cyphocharax is described from the Upper Paraíba do Sul River basin, São Paulo, Brazil based on integrated morphological and molecular delimitation criteria. It is morphologically distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a round, dark blotch at the midlength of the caudal peduncle not extending to the proximal portions of the median caudal-fin rays, 19­20 circumpeduncular scales, 34­41 perforated lateral-line scales, 6­7 longitudinal scale rows above and below the lateral line, greatest body depth corresponding to 34.7­39.9% of standard length (SL), and the caudal peduncle depth corresponding to 13.3­15.2% of SL. The lowest genetic distances between the new species and other congeners are: 2.5% from C. gilbert, followed by 3.0% from C. santacatarinae, and 3.2% from C. aff. gilbert. All species delimitation criteria employed herein corroborated the recognition of the new species. In addition, comments on its conservation status are provided.(AU)


Uma nova espécie de Cyphocharax é descrita do alto rio Paraíba do Sul, São Paulo, Brasil, baseada em dados morfológicos e moleculares integrados. A espécie se distingue morfologicamente de seus congêneres por: apresentar uma mancha escura arredondada na porção média do pedúnculo caudal, não se estendendo à porção proximal dos raios medianos da nadadeira caudal, 19­20 escamas circunpedunculares, 34­41 escamas perfuradas na linha lateral, 6­7 escamas acima e abaixo da linha lateral, altura do corpo correspondendo à 34,7­39,9% do comprimento padrão (CP), e a altura do pedúnculo caudal correspondendo a 13,3­15,2% do CP. As menores distâncias genéticas entre a espécie nova e outras congêneres são: 2,5% de C gilbert, seguida de 3,0% de C. santacatarinae, e 3,2% de C. aff. gilbert. Todos os critérios de delimitação de espécies aqui empregados corroboraram o reconhecimento da nova espécie. Adicionalmente, comentários sobre seu estado de conservação são fornecidos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Phylogeny , Characiformes/classification , Characiformes/genetics , Species Specificity , Brazil
3.
J Anat ; 237(6): 1136-1150, 2020 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32735750

ABSTRACT

Astyanax brucutu is a peculiar species of Neotropical tetra endemic from the Chapada Diamantina, a large plateau in northeastern Brazil. Individuals of this species undergo a dramatic ontogenetic shift in their diet that is accompanied by equally remarkable changes in their feeding apparatus. Whereas juveniles of A. brucutu feed mostly on algae, adults feed almost exclusively on an endemic species of hydrobiid snail and other associated living organisms that inhabit their dead shells (including infaunal invertebrates and algae). Skeletal adaptations associated with this change in diet were previously reported, but until now, the changes in the musculature remained mostly unknown. The present paper describes the facial and gular muscles, as well as the buccal ligaments of A. brucutu in different life stages, and identifies the major ontogenetic changes in these systems associated with the diet shift in the species. Such changes primarily involve expansions of specific portions of the adductor mandibulae and associated tendons and ligaments that likely represent adaptations to increase the biting power necessary to crush copious amounts of shells ingested by larger individuals of A. brucutu. Those adaptations are absent in specimens of any size of Astyanax cf. fasciatus, a sympatric congener lacking durophagous feeding habits. Anatomical comparisons and landmark-based principal components analysis (PCA) suggest that most specializations to durophagy in A. brucutu arose by peramorphosis. We also found that several of the muscular specializations of adults of A. brucutu are paralleled in species of Creagrutus and Piabina, two other characid genera distantly related to Astyanax, but that also feed on hard food items.


Subject(s)
Characidae/anatomy & histology , Diet , Facial Muscles/anatomy & histology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Ligaments/anatomy & histology , Adaptation, Physiological/physiology , Animals , Facial Muscles/physiology , Ligaments/physiology
4.
Pap. avulsos Zool. ; 60: e20206008, Mar. 16, 2020. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-25693

ABSTRACT

The rio da Dona is an important water body in the Recôncavo Sul basin used as a water supply for the neighboring towns and for agriculture, recreation and subsistence fishing. The knowledge about the ichthyofauna of this river is scarce. In this paper, an inventory of the fish fauna from rio da Dona basin and an identification key for the species recorded are presented. Additionally, taxonomic and conservationist issues are discussed. The specimens were collected in different sites along the upper, middle and lower courses of the rio da Dona. The fishes were anesthetized, fixed in formalin, conserved in ethanol, and identified. In addition to the material collected, specimens previously deposited in the ichthyological collection of the Museu de História Natural da Bahia were also analyzed. Twenty species, distributed into 16 genera, ten families, and four orders were recorded. One of these species, Aspidoras kiriri, is endemic to the rio da Dona. Four species, Cichla pinima, Coptodon rendalli, Poecilia reticulata and Serrasalmus brandtii, have been introduced into the river. Higher richness of native species has been recorded in the upper course of the rio da Dona, while in the middle and lower parts non-native species were also representative. Along the river, a series of anthropic impacts were observed, such as deforestation of native forest including the riparian vegetation, silting and dams, which can probably compromised the resident ichthyofauna.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes , Hydrographic Basins , Animal Distribution , Rivers , Brazil
5.
Pap. avulsos zool ; 60: e20206008, Feb. 14, 2020. ilus, map, tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487223

ABSTRACT

The rio da Dona is an important water body in the Recôncavo Sul basin used as a water supply for the neighboring towns and for agriculture, recreation and subsistence fishing. The knowledge about the ichthyofauna of this river is scarce. In this paper, an inventory of the fish fauna from rio da Dona basin and an identification key for the species recorded are presented. Additionally, taxonomic and conservationist issues are discussed. The specimens were collected in different sites along the upper, middle and lower courses of the rio da Dona. The fishes were anesthetized, fixed in formalin, conserved in ethanol, and identified. In addition to the material collected, specimens previously deposited in the ichthyological collection of the Museu de História Natural da Bahia were also analyzed. Twenty species, distributed into 16 genera, ten families, and four orders were recorded. One of these species, Aspidoras kiriri, is endemic to the rio da Dona. Four species, Cichla pinima, Coptodon rendalli, Poecilia reticulata and Serrasalmus brandtii, have been introduced into the river. Higher richness of native species has been recorded in the upper course of the rio da Dona, while in the middle and lower parts non-native species were also representative. Along the river, a series of anthropic impacts were observed, such as deforestation of native forest including the riparian vegetation, silting and dams, which can probably compromised the resident ichthyofauna.


Subject(s)
Animals , Hydrographic Basins , Animal Distribution , Fishes , Rivers , Brazil
6.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 17(3): e190061, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-25102

ABSTRACT

A new species of Astyanax from tributaries of the rio de Contas, Bahia, Brazil, is described. The new species differs from congeners by having three horizontal series of scales from lateral line to pelvic-fin origin and the distal margin of third infraorbital distinctly separated from vertical and horizontal limbs of preopercle, leaving a broad area not covered by superficial bones. The new species further differs from most congeners by the presence of bony hooks on all fins of mature males. Particularly from congeners occurring in rivers of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion, it further differs by having the highest body depth just anterior to the dorsal-fin origin, 34-37 pored lateral line scales, a vertically elongated conspicuous dark humeral blotch reaching below the lateral line and a conspicuous dark wide midlateral stripe extending from the clear area on the rear of the humeral blotch to the end of middle caudal-fin rays and forming an inconspicuous blotch on caudal peduncle.(AU)


Uma espécie nova de Astyanax de tributários do rio de Contas, Bahia, Brasil, é descrita. A espécie nova difere das congêneres por ter três séries horizontais de escamas entre a linha lateral e a origem da nadadeira pélvica e margem distal do terceiro infraorbital distintamente separada dos ramos vertical e horizontal do pré-opérculo, deixando uma ampla área sem ossos superficiais. A espécie nova difere, ainda, da maioria das congêneres pela presença de ganchos ósseos em todas as nadadeiras de machos maduros. Particularmente das congêneres que ocorrem nas drenagens da Ecorregião Mata Atlântica Nordeste, difere ainda por ter a maior altura do corpo imediatamente anterior à origem da nadadeira dorsal, 34-37 escamas perfuradas na linha lateral, presença de uma mancha umeral conspícua, verticalmente alongada, ultrapassando ventralmente a linha lateral e uma faixa escura mediana lateral larga, estendendo-se da área clara após a mancha umeral até o fim dos raios medianos caudais e formando uma mancha inconspícua no pedúnculo caudal.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Sex Characteristics , Characidae/classification , Species Specificity
7.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 17(3): e190061, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1040662

ABSTRACT

A new species of Astyanax from tributaries of the rio de Contas, Bahia, Brazil, is described. The new species differs from congeners by having three horizontal series of scales from lateral line to pelvic-fin origin and the distal margin of third infraorbital distinctly separated from vertical and horizontal limbs of preopercle, leaving a broad area not covered by superficial bones. The new species further differs from most congeners by the presence of bony hooks on all fins of mature males. Particularly from congeners occurring in rivers of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica freshwater ecoregion, it further differs by having the highest body depth just anterior to the dorsal-fin origin, 34-37 pored lateral line scales, a vertically elongated conspicuous dark humeral blotch reaching below the lateral line and a conspicuous dark wide midlateral stripe extending from the clear area on the rear of the humeral blotch to the end of middle caudal-fin rays and forming an inconspicuous blotch on caudal peduncle.(AU)


Uma espécie nova de Astyanax de tributários do rio de Contas, Bahia, Brasil, é descrita. A espécie nova difere das congêneres por ter três séries horizontais de escamas entre a linha lateral e a origem da nadadeira pélvica e margem distal do terceiro infraorbital distintamente separada dos ramos vertical e horizontal do pré-opérculo, deixando uma ampla área sem ossos superficiais. A espécie nova difere, ainda, da maioria das congêneres pela presença de ganchos ósseos em todas as nadadeiras de machos maduros. Particularmente das congêneres que ocorrem nas drenagens da Ecorregião Mata Atlântica Nordeste, difere ainda por ter a maior altura do corpo imediatamente anterior à origem da nadadeira dorsal, 34-37 escamas perfuradas na linha lateral, presença de uma mancha umeral conspícua, verticalmente alongada, ultrapassando ventralmente a linha lateral e uma faixa escura mediana lateral larga, estendendo-se da área clara após a mancha umeral até o fim dos raios medianos caudais e formando uma mancha inconspícua no pedúnculo caudal.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Sex Characteristics , Characidae/classification , Species Specificity
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