ABSTRACT
El objetivo fue determinar la capacidad predictiva de la autoeficacia percibida para el control del peso, el locus de control del peso y las habilidades de autocontrol del peso en la insatisfacción de la imagen corporal en personas obesas que asisten a tratamiento. Estudio transversal realizado en la ciudad de Maracay, Venezuela, con 243 personas obesas que asisten a tratamiento, 173 del género femenino y 70 del masculino, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 57 años. El índice de masa corporal de la muestra osciló entre 29.39 y 44.14. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), el inventario de autorregulación del peso corporal, el inventario de autoeficacia en la regulación del peso corporal y el inventario de locus de control del peso. Calculándose los estadísticos descriptivos y de tendencia central, coeficientes de correlación y regresión múltiple; se obtuvo que una baja Autoeficacia percibida en el control del peso y un alto Locus de control externo, predicen la in satisfacción con la imagen corporal en personas obesas que asisten a tratamiento. Los hallazgos constituyen una primera aproximación para dar cuenta de la importancia de las variables de control personal en el estudio del malestar psicológico del individuo obeso.
Objective: Determine the predictive ability of self-efficacy for weight control, locus of control of weight and weight self-management skills in body image dissatisfaction in treatment attending. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study in Maracay, Venezuela. The study population consisted of 243 obese patients; 173 females and 70 males, aged between 18 and 57 years. The body mass index of the sample ranged between 29.39 and 44.14. Measurement instruments used were: The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), The Inventory of self-regulating body weight, The Inventory of Self-efficacy in regulating body weight and Inventory of weight locus of control. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and central tendency, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression. Results: A low "perceived self-efficacy in weight control" and a high "external locus of control, predict body image dissatisfaction in obese people attending treatment. Conclusions: The results are the first attempt to understand the role of the personal control variables in the study of psychological distress in obesity.
ABSTRACT
The abundance of scholarship on test development and use generally is higher in English-speaking than in Iberian Latin American countries. The purpose of this article is to help overcome this imbalance by describing and identifying similarities and differences in test development and use in two Iberian (Portugal and Spain) and three of the largest Latin American (Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela) countries. The stages of test development in each country, roles of professional associations, presence of standards for test use, professionals' educational training, commonly used tests, together with prominent challenges to continued progress are discussed. Test development and use in these five countries are transitioning from a dependence on the use of translated tests to greater reliance on adapted and finally nationally constructed tests. Continued growth requires adherence to international standards guiding test development and use. Stronger alliance among professional associations in the Iberian Latin American countries could serve as a catalyst to promote test development in these regions.
Subject(s)
Psychological Tests/standards , Psychology, Applied/standards , Translations , Argentina , Brazil , Humans , Portugal , Psychology, Applied/trends , Reference Standards , United States , VenezuelaABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Estudiar la asociación existente entre las gratificaciones y las interferencias generadas en la relación trabajo-familia y su impacto en la salud de mujeres trabajadoras. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizó un diseño no experimental correlacional. Se aplicó en Caracas, Venezuela, durante el año 2006, a un grupo de 402 mujeres trabajadoras con edades comprendidas entre 27 y 71 años, una batería de pruebas para medir relación trabajo-familia, autoestima, ansiedad, depresión, bienestar, percepción de salud y número de síntomas. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que las gratificaciones en la relación trabajo-familia están relacionadas con un mayor bienestar y autoestima, así como con menor depresión, ansiedad y síntomas reportados. Una mayor interferencia se asoció a una mayor depresión, ansiedad y número de síntomas. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados permiten identificar algunos factores protectores y de riesgo para la salud de las mujeres con roles múltiples y sirven de base para el diseño de planes de intervención tanto en el plano individual como organizacional.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between gratifications and interferences generated in the work-family relationship and its impact on working women's health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A non-experimental, correlational design was used. A group of 402 working women between 27 and 71 years of age were tested in Caracas, Venezuela during 2006, to measure work-family relationship, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, wellbeing, health perception and number of symptoms. RESULTS: It was found that the gratifications in the work-family relationship are related to better wellbeing and self-esteem, less depression, anxiety and symptom report. Presence of more interferences was associated with more depression, anxiety and number of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These results give an indication of protective and risk factors for multiple-role women's health and could provide some guidelines for intervention programs.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Conflict, Psychological , Family Relations , Job Satisfaction , Personal Satisfaction , Women's Health , Women, Working/psychology , Anxiety/epidemiology , Depression/epidemiology , Gender Identity , Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Self Concept , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Venezuela/epidemiology , Women's Rights , Women, Working/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between gratifications and interferences generated in the work-family relationship and its impact on working women's health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A non-experimental, correlational design was used. A group of 402 working women between 27 and 71 years of age were tested in Caracas, Venezuela during 2006, to measure work-family relationship, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, wellbeing, health perception and number of symptoms. RESULTS: It was found that the gratifications in the work-family relationship are related to better wellbeing and self-esteem, less depression, anxiety and symptom report. Presence of more interferences was associated with more depression, anxiety and number of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These results give an indication of protective and risk factors for multiple-role women's health and could provide some guidelines for intervention programs.
Subject(s)
Conflict, Psychological , Family Relations , Job Satisfaction , Personal Satisfaction , Women's Health , Women, Working/psychology , Adult , Aged , Anxiety/epidemiology , Depression/epidemiology , Gender Identity , Humans , Middle Aged , Occupations/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Self Concept , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Venezuela/epidemiology , Women's Rights , Women, Working/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Objetivo: Diseñar y validar un instrumento para medir la satisfacción del paciente hospitalizado hacia la atención recibida. Material y método: A partir de dos fases de estudio, se construyó el cuestionario Cuidado de su Salud durante la Hospitalización (CSH). Se aplicó en una muestra piloto de 31 pacientes hospitalizados y luego se validó en una segunda muestra de 394 pacientes hospitalizados en el Hospital Universitario de Caracas-Venezuela, entre 2002 y 2004. Se realizó un análisis estadístico para la selección de los reactivos, un análisis factorial exploratorio de componentes principales con rotación varimax para la validez de constructo y el cálculo de consistencia interna (coeficiente alfa de Cronbach); se empleó el programa SPSS 10 para Windows. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 43 reactivos dicotómicos que miden elementos asociados a la satisfacción de los usuarios. El cuestionario (CSH) consta además de un reactivo final dicotómico que mide la satisfacción general de los pacientes y un apartado de datos sociodemográficos de 6 ítems. A partir del análisis factorial exploratorio se identificaron 6 aspectos asociados a la satisfacción del paciente hospitalizado hacia la atención recibida que explican un 38,0% de la varianza: evaluación de la labor y actitud del personal de enfermería, la labor y actitud del personal médico, las condiciones ambientales de la hospitalización, la mejoría física percibida, información médica proporcionada y valoración del rendimiento del servicio. Conclusiones: El cuestionario elaborado (CSH) se presenta como una herramienta promisoria para la medición válida y confiable de la satisfacción del paciente. Se plantea un conjunto de recomendaciones con la finalidad de fortalecer el instrumento en investigaciones futuras
Objective: To design and validate an instrument to measure satisfaction with the care received in hospitalized patients. Material and method: A questionnaire on "healthcare during hospitalization" was designed and tested in a pilot study with 31 hospitalized patients. The questionnaire was validated in a second sample of 394 patients hospitalized in the University Hospital of Caracas-Venezuela between 2002 and 2004. A statistical analysis for item selection, an exploratory principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation for construct validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency were performed using SPSS 10 for Windows. Results: Forty-three dichotomic items were selected to measure elements associated with patient satisfaction. The questionnaire has a final dichotomic item evaluating the patient's overall satisfaction and six items on sociodemographic data. The exploratory factorial analysis identified six factors associated with hospitalized patients' satisfaction with the care received, explaining 38.0% of the variance: evaluation of the work and attitude of nursing staff, the work and attitude of medical staff, the environmental conditions of hospitalization, perceived physical improvement, medical information, and evaluation of the unit's performance
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Comparar las estrategias de afrontamiento y de solución de problemas en mujeres con trastornos alimentarios subclínicos, mujeres en riesgo a padecer un trastorno alimentario y mujeres sanas. Las participantes fueron 33 mujeres de la población general, 33 mujeres de riesgo y 21 mujeres con anorexia o bulimia subclínica. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: Test de Actitudes hacia la Alimentación, entrevista diagnóstica internacional compuesta, inventario breve de solución de problemas, inventario de afrontamiento. Los datos fueron analizados mediante la prueba Kruskal-Wallis, para las comparaciones
The main aim of this paper is to compare coping and problem solving strategies in women with subclinical eating disorders, women at risk of eating disorders and healthy women. The participants involved were 33 healthy women, 33 at risk, and 21 with sub-clinical anorexia or bulimia. The following instruments were used: Eating Attitude Test, composite International Diagnostic Interview, Problem Solving Inventory and Coping Inventory. Data were analyzed using a Kruskal- Wallis test and the Mann Whitney U test for the post hoc comparisons. Women with eating disorders differ from the rest, as they have a deficient ability to solve problems, scarce seeking of support and functional emotional coping. They are characterized by a greater use of non-functional emotional coping strategies. Deficiencies in appropriate skills to solve problems and deal with daily stressful situations could result in the development of dysfunctional skills, such as self-starving or binge eating and purging. Results constitute a first attempt to the understanding of the role of these cognitive strategies in the development and maintenance of anorexia or bulimia nervosa
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Risk Factors , Anorexia Nervosa/psychology , Bulimia/psychology , Problem Solving , Social Support , Self ConceptABSTRACT
Objetivo. Explorar el control personal de la conducta en sus tres aspectos: control objetivo, control subjetivo y creencias de control en mujeres con trastornos alimentarios, en riesgo de padecer trastornos alimentarios y normales. Material y métodos. Es un estudio transversal que se llevó a cabo en Caracas, Venezuela, en 1997. Se trabajó con una muestra de 87 mujeres, 21 con trastornos alimenta-rios subclínicos, 33 en riesgo y 33 normales. Se utilizaron los si--guientes instrumentos: Test de actitudes hacia la alimentación, Entrevista diagnóstica internacional compuesta, Inventario de autocontrol, Inventario de autoeficacia per-cibida para el autocontrol de la conducta e Inventario de locus de control. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el análisis de varianza y para las comparaciones post hoc se utilizó la prueba Student-Neuman-Keuls. Resultados. Se encontró que las personas con trastornos alimentarios presentan dificultad en la emisión de conductas de autocontrol, menor sentimiento de eficacia personal para auto-rregular la conducta y mayor creencia en el control de otros poderosos sobre sus actos y consecuencias. Conclusiones. Los resultados encontrados constituyen una primera apro-ximación para entender el papel que juega la variable psicológica "control personal de la conducta" como factor protector o de riesgo en el desarrollo de la anorexia o buli-mia nerviosa. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html