[Raman spectroscopy and its application in different areas of medicine]. / Ramanovskaya spektroskopiya i ee primenenie v stomatologii.

The aim of the review is to learn about the areas of application of the Raman spectroscopy in medicine, particularly in dentistry. The method is widely used in biology, medicine, pharmacy, forensic science, gemology, food industry and other industries. The main advantages of Raman spectroscopy are no need for sample preparation and small amounts of the object of study, as well as the ability to contactlessly obtain unique information about the conformation and microenvironment of living cell molecules. The disadvantages are high costs of the equipment that are compensated with the long-term use by having no costs for additional reagents. The combinatorial scattering is used in dermatology, as it is a high-accuracy automated method of visualization and diagnostics of both benign growths as pigmented nevus, seborrheic keratosis, and malignant neoplasms as melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. This method is an analytical tool for diagnosing various diseases, making the direct measurements in hard and liquid media easier, does not require special treatment of samples and is not sensitive to absorption bands. The Raman spectroscopy use in dentistry allows diagnosing and comparative analysis of the changes of hard tissues of teeth and mucous membrane of the mouth, which improves security and rationalization of treatment and further prevention of complications before and after making different operations.

[Technology of manufacturing of personalized reconstructive allogenic bone graft (in Russian only)]. / Tekhnologiia proizvodstva personifitsirovannogo rekonstruktivnogo allogennogo kostnogo implantata.

AIM: To develop the technology of manufacturing of reconstructive allogenic bone graft with individual parameters by using of digital prototyping and modeling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Allogeneic cadaveric bone blocks were used as material. The following methods were used to develop a manufacturing technology for personalized allogenic reconstructive bone implant: harvesting and special preparation of cadaveric material, primary disinfection, viral inactivation, ultrasound management, lyophilization of bone material, CT-examination of patients with various bone defects, digital prototyping and modeling, milling on a machine with numerical program control, X-ray sterilization. RESULTS: The technology of manufacturing of reconstructive allogenic bone graft with individual parameters was successfully tested in the treatment of 24 patients with post-traumatic, destructive-dystrophic and degenerative defects of jaws in 2012-2015. Final reconstructive allogenic bone implant has a personalized 3D-geometry in accordance with individual maxillofacial anatomy of particular patient. One of implant surfaces is fully congruent to the jaw bone defect, the others form the width, height and volume of reconstructive bone implant considering personified maxillofacial features. All above-mentioned features of bone implant are important to restore chewing function of dental system. CONCLUSION: The problem of bone implant personification may be resolved by using of computed tomography followed by digital analysis of jaw structure, technologies for digital reconstruction of bone defects (digital prototyping and modeling) and digital manufacturing.

[Preclinical tests of additive materials for personified endoprostheses of hand joints]. / Doklinicheskie ispytaniia additivnykh materialov dlia izgotovleniia personifitsirovannykh éndoprotezov sustavov kisti v éksperimente.

AIM: To evaluate the biocompatibility of additive materials for personified endoprostheses of hand joints in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We tested a material based on titanium that was implanted into muscles and bone tissue in experiment on rabbits. Follow-up was 30 and 90 days. RESULTS: Implantation into muscle tissue is accompanied by reaction against foreign body followed by fibrosis without concomitant inflammation. Induction of osteogenesis and trabecular structures remodeling were detected after implantation into bone tissue. CONCLUSION: Biocompatibility of tested titanium-based material was confirmed.

STUDIES OF SPACEFLIGHT EFFECTS ON A 3D MODEL OF CHONDROBLAST CULTURE.

The effect of long-duration space flight on the vital processes in human chondroblasts in vitro was studied with a number of morphologic, biochemical and optic techniques. Object of investigation was a 3-D porous biocarrier populated by a cell culture in a leak-free vessel completely full of growth medium. The investigation was performed onboard automatic .spacecraft Foton-M4 with the use of research equipment SIGMA. Synchronous experiments were conducted in ground laboratory. The experiment with cell culture prepared of the human hyaline cartilage validated suitability of this model for long-duration experiments with adhesive cells on automatic spacecraft; besides, the experimental results suggest that in spaceflight microgravity adhesive cells exist in the state of suspension.

[Peculiarities of regenerative processes after the plasty of osteochondral defects with combined cell-tissue grafts on the basis of autologous and allogeneic cell cultures from costal cartilage tissue].

From a position of in vivo regenerative medicine, the efficacy of plasty of osteochondral defects of the articular surface was evaluated in rabbits. The combined cell-tissue grafts were used with the demineralized spongy bone as a biomatrix and autologous or allogeneic cells from the rib cartilage tissue. Morphofunctional characteristics of the cell cultures obtained were studied using morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and flow cytometric methods. Cells had features typical to cartilage cell line. While the macroscopic appearance of the plasty area was similar, some differences of histogenesis were observed at the early stages after the placement of transplants containing autologous as well as allogeneic cells, into the osteochondral defect area. In both cases, the complete recovery of subchondral bone and hyaline cartilage took place.

[Clinical and morphologic aspects of surgery choice by postoperative anterolateral and lateral ventral hernias].

Clinical picture, diagnostic features and operative techniques in patients with postoperative anterolateral and lateral ventral hernias have been analyzed. Synthetic endoprosthesis were comparatively tested on human dermal fibroplast cell cultures. Taking into account and practical use of the obtained results allowed the recurrence rate decrease from 63 to 6%.

[Modern principles of treatment of patient with lateral and anteriolateral hernias of the abdomen].

Among 88 patients with ventral hernias of the lateral and anteriolateral localization in 32 patients tension methods were used, in 56 patients non-tension combined methods of plasty with the lay-sub lay-on lay position of the implant. In the first group local and general complications were diagnosed in 2 (6.3%), in the second in 6 (10.7%) patients. Recurrent hernias in the long-term periods developed in the 1st group in 20 (62.5%) patients, in the 2nd--in 3 (5.4%). There were no lethal outcomes. The non-tension combined methods of plasty of the abdominal wall are thought to be preferable.

[Peculiarities of bone tissue regeneration when using various osteoplastic materials in experiment].

During the experiment on 18 rabbits by histologic methods there were investigated particularities of tissue regeneration after filling of bone defect by various osteoplastic materials for terms 14, 30 and 90 days. The advantage of the mixture of osteobrefomatrix and hydroxyappatite in comparison with independent using of eaxh of these materials. Regeneration of bone tissue was scen in early terms and it was matched to the bone structure in 90 days only by filling bone defect by the of mixture osteobrefomatrix and hydroxyiappatite.

Silica gel dessication of amniotic membrane with related epithelium cells for ocular surface reconstruction.

Cornea reparative regeneration when in various pathological states needs creating certain conditions to intensify the potential of regional stem cells mitotic activity. AIMS OF THE RESEARCH: To find out the degree of the epithelium AM preservation after preliminary processing and conservation by means of dehydration over silica gel with further sterilization; to study the effectiveness of clinical treatment of AM conserved in the surroundings with vital ability epithelium and AM dried over silica gel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There was carried out an investigation of 18 samples of native amnion treated with antibiotics and 18 total surface amnion samples conserved by drying over silica gel and then sterilized by gamma rays. Clinical experiments were carried out on patients with severe chemical and thermal burns--18 people (21 eyes). After the burn trauma all the patients underwent the standard procedure of necrectomy, the covering of the eyeball with amniotic membrane dried over silica gel. CONCLUSION: The drying out of the amniotic membrane over silica gel on frames without being fixed on nitrocellulose paper makes the process of the amniotic membrane conservation simpler and makes it possible to preserve its unique biological qualities. The effectiveness of the regeneration of epithelium tissue of the eyeball surface with amniotic membrane dried over silica gel without the vital capacity cells of the epithelium layer is analogous to the regeneration of epithelium cells with amniotic membrane with vital capacity cells. With eye burns AM coverage hinders the formation of rough conjunctiva cicatrix, provides a favorable out-of-cell matrix substrate for epithelium migration and leads to quicker regeneration of one's own epithelium, makes further visual rehabilitation simpler.

[Evaluation of the clinical efficiency of allogenic lyophilized dura mater membrane in immediate and early delayed dental implantation]. / Otsenka klinicheskoi éffektivnosti primenenia membrany allogennoi liofilizirovannoi tverdoi mozgovoi obolochkoi pri neposredstvennoi i rannei otsrochennoi dental'noi implantatsii.

Immediate and early dental implantation helps timely restore the functional and cosmetic intactness of the maxillodental system. Seventy-four patients were operated on by these methods and 116 implants were inserted. The results were evaluated by common clinical, special computer-aided x-ray methods, and biopsy. Comparative studies proved that allogenic lyophilized dura mater membrane promoted recovery of the alveolar bone tissue structure and compactness, improved the implant osteointegration, and reduced the incidence of unfavorable outcomes.

[The use of demineralized bone brephomatrix in the plastic repair of different postoperative defects in the jaws]. / Ispol'zovanie demineralizovannogo kostnogo brefomatriksa pri plastike razlichnykh posleoperatsionnykh defektov cheliustei.

The aim of this research was assessment of the results of bone brephoplasty of the jaws. Bone tissue defects after cystectomy, granulectomy, and tooth removal were filled with fragmented transplant, demineralized osseous brephomatrix. Low-frequency ultrasound was used for antibacterial treatment of the recipient osseous bed. A total of 103 patients were operated on, brephoplasty was carried out in 60. Demineralized osseous brephomatrix is characterized by excellent plastic and osteoinductive properties, due to which bone regeneration processes are completed 1.5-2 times sooner in comparison with the control.

[Osteo-gingivoplasty in the combined treatment of periodontitis and in the prevention of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis at a polyclinic]. / Osteogingivoplastika v kompleksnom lechenii parodontita i profilaktike odontogennogo verkhnecheliustnogo sinuita v usloviiakh polikliniki.

The authors suggest a method for surgical treatment of periodontitis using allogenic demineralized bone tissue of adults and fetuses. This method was effectively used at dentistry clinics of the Samara Province starting from 1984. A total of 177 patients with generalized and local periodontitis of medium and grave severity aged 19 to 55 were operated on. The process stabilized, the teeth were fortified. The method is effective not only therapy of periodontitis, but for prevention of its complications as well, of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis among other conditions.

[Morphology and morphogenesis of recurrent experimental myocardial infarct]. / Morfologiia i morfogenez retsidiviruiushchego infarkta miokarda v éksperimente.

The results of morphological investigations of relapsing myocardial infarction in 148 rabbits are presented. In most cases the relapses occurred spontaneously at intervals of several to 45 days after reproduction of the primary myocardial infarction by high ligation of the anterior interventricle artery of the heart. It was found that relapses of myocardial infarction could develop in animals normal before the experiment (I series), against the background of cholesterol atherosclerosis (II series), renal hypertension (III series) and particularly frequently in combinations of cholesterol atherosclerosis and renal hypertension (IV series) as well as after repeated delayed ligation of the anterior interventricle artery (V series). The relapses occurred early in primary infarction and in the period of its scarring. The regularities of mutual location of foci of primary infarction and relapses, the frequency and number of their occurrences, location and size were investigated.