ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence is a rapidly evolving area of technology whose integration into healthcare delivery infrastructure is predicted to have profound implications for medicine delivery in the 21st century. Artificial intelligence as it relates to healthcare is a term used to cover a wide scope of computer-based algorithms whose application varies from patient selection to enhancements in imaging and postoperative prognostication. This article reviews the literature to contextualise how AI is currently being implemented in interventional radiology. This review considers the literature from a preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative perspective.
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Artificial Intelligence , Radiology, Interventional , Humans , Algorithms , Diagnostic Imaging , TechnologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) could prove clinically relevant. However, evidence defining this association is currently inconclusive. Our study investigates the prevalence of ICAS in non-emergent, ambulatory patients presenting for PCA with suspected CAD in an Australian context. METHODS: Between February 2019 and June 2019, 121 consecutive participants were verbally consented and enrolled in our study. The data were analysed retrospectively. PCA and CUS were performed within 24 h of each other. Multinomial logistic regression assessed independent predictors for ICAS, with statistical significance set at P value < 0.05. Linear regression analysis correlated CAD and ICAS severity, with significance of a P-value < 0.05. Analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS 26 software (Chicago, Illinois). RESULTS: The final study included 121 patients (age 73 ± 9 years, 76.9% male). ICAS on CUS was present in 55.4% of participants for PCA. CAD was an independent risk factor for ICAS on multinomial logistic regression odds ratio 3.87 (P = 0.023). CAD severity (multi vessel disease) showed significant correlation with ICAS r = 0.22 (P = 0.014) using linear regression analysis. CONCLUSION: CAD is an independent predictor of ICAS, and severity of ICAS is correlated with CAD disease. However, most participants had only minor ICAS (16-49% diameter stenosis). Our findings are consistent with internationally published studies, suggesting their data are generalisable to the Australian population. Larger studies are needed to address the applicability of CUS screening in patients with advanced CAD.
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BACKGROUND: Intramuscular venous malformations, often erroneously called "intramuscular hemangiomas," present to pediatric orthopaedic surgeons either as a differential diagnosis of tumor or as a cause of muscle pain. Treatment options include injection sclerotherapy or surgery. There is some literature to indicate that sclerotherapy can reduce pain, but little evidence on the effectiveness of surgery. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical resection for intramuscular venous malformations, with a secondary aim to evaluate the natural history and presentation of intramuscular venous malformations to improve clinician understanding of this condition. METHODS: A retrospective chart analysis was performed of cases identified from a vascular anomalies database from January 2004 and December 2018. Primary outcome was change in preoperative and postoperative pain. Natural history of the lesion was assessed, including age when the lesion was first noticed, when it became painful, and when it required treatment. RESULTS: Fifty-four cases were identified in the study period of which 40 underwent surgery. Pain improved in 36 of 39 patients (92.3%) who had pain before surgery and 29 (74.4%) were pain free after surgery. All 13 patients who required whole muscle excision to resect the lesion experienced an improvement in pain and 10 (76.9%) were pain free. A history of previous intervention, with surgery or sclerotherapy showed a trend towards less successful surgical outcomes. Patients presented across a wide age range from infancy to adulthood, but the most common presentation was pain with exercise between 9 and 16 years of age, with presence of a mass in about half of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery, when performed by a surgeon with appropriate experience, is an effective first-line treatment for painful intramuscular venous malformations, offering pain relief in the majority of cases. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound are diagnostic in most cases. The majority of lesions are resectable, meaning they can be removed with a margin leaving a functional limb. Sometimes resection of a whole muscle is required. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-case series.
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Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply , Sclerotherapy , Vascular Malformations , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Veins , Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male , Pain/etiology , Pain/surgery , Pain Management , Retrospective Studies , Sclerotherapy/adverse effects , Sclerotherapy/methods , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Vascular Malformations/physiopathology , Vascular Malformations/surgery , Vascular Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Vascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Veins/abnormalities , Veins/surgerySubject(s)
Bronchial Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Bronchial Arteries/physiopathology , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Hemangioma/therapy , Hemoptysis/therapy , Child , Female , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Hemangioma/physiopathology , Hemoptysis/diagnosis , Hemoptysis/physiopathology , Humans , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Children with chronic illness often require prolonged or repeated venous access. They remain at high risk for venous catheter-related complications (high-risk patients), which largely derive from elective decisions during catheter insertion and continuing care. These complications result in progressive loss of the venous capital (patent and compliant venous pathways) necessary for delivery of life-preserving therapies. A nonstandardized, episodic, isolated approach to venous care in these high-need, high-cost patients is too often the norm, imposing a disproportionate burden on affected persons and escalating costs. This state-of-the-art review identifies known failure points in the current systems of venous care, details the elements of an individualized plan of care, and emphasizes a patient-centered, multidisciplinary, collaborative, and evidence-based approach to care in these vulnerable populations. These guidelines are intended to enable every practitioner in every practice to deliver better care and better outcomes to these patients through awareness of critical issues, anticipatory attention to meaningful components of care, and appropriate consultation or referral when necessary.
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Catheter-Related Infections/prevention & control , Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Evidence-Based Medicine/methods , Child , Humans , Pediatrics , Referral and ConsultationSubject(s)
Brain Ischemia/therapy , Endovascular Procedures/standards , Physician's Role , Radiography, Interventional/standards , Radiologists/standards , Societies, Medical/standards , Stroke/therapy , Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Consensus , Health Services Needs and Demand/standards , Humans , Needs Assessment/standards , Radiologists/supply & distribution , Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Over recent times, procedural Radiologists have begun to establish themselves as the distinct subspecialty of Interventional Radiology (IR). The Interventional Radiology Society of Australasia (IRSA) was established in 1982 to share collaborative ideas, encourage research, and promote education. IRSA developed a weekend registrar workshop attended by Radiology Registrars from Australia and New Zealand. In the 2018 event, we surveyed the Registrars to identify their interest in IR training before and after the workshop. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The event was held over a weekend and consisted of both lectures and hands-on workshops. A survey was handed to all 67 registrants of the workshop and there was a 55% response rate including 78% of females in attendance. RESULTS: Before the workshop, trainees rated their interest in IR training at a mean of 3.7 out of 5. After the workshop, trainees rated their interest in IR training as an average of 4.4 out of 5 (p < 0.001). The difference in interest between males and females before the workshop (4.0 vs. 3.1) was significant (p = 0.003), however after the workshop (4.5 vs. 4.1) was not significant (p = 0.07). The change in interest from attending the workshop was significant between genders, p = 0.03 (male interest increased mean 0.5, female increased mean 1.0). CONCLUSION: We show that a program of lectures and workshops designed to generate interest in IR leads to a significant increase in training interest, particularly amongst females. Other subspecialty groups should consider this type of intervention and promote ongoing education and inspiration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Cross-sectional study, Level IV.
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Medical Staff, Hospital/education , Radiology, Interventional/education , Adult , Australia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Societies, Medical , Surveys and QuestionnairesSubject(s)
Aneurysm/complications , Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects , Dyspnea/etiology , Exercise , Pulmonary Artery , Saphenous Vein/transplantation , Aged , Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Aneurysm/therapy , Embolization, Therapeutic , Humans , Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis , Male , Pressure , Reoperation , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Transplantation, AutologousSubject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/etiology , Aortic Coarctation/surgery , Aortic Rupture/etiology , Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery , Aortic Rupture/surgery , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation , Hemothorax/etiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Increasing numbers of children are surviving into adulthood following surgery to correct or palliate congenital heart disease. This surgery can occasionally result in long-standing elevated right heart pressures and chronic hepatic venous congestion leading to cardiac cirrhosis. We report the first paediatric case of hepatocellular carcinoma in the setting of cardiac cirrhosis. A 13-year-old girl developed inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma and was treated with transarterial embolization with lipiodol and doxorubicin eluting microbeads. Promoting awareness of this association, even in younger patients, will hopefully result in better surveillance and screening of hepatic complications in survivors of complex cardiac surgery.
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Myocardium/pathology , Adolescent , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/physiopathology , Chemoembolization, Therapeutic , Female , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/physiopathology , Microspheres , VictoriaSubject(s)
Arteriovenous Fistula/surgery , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Embolization, Therapeutic , Liver Transplantation , Subclavian Vein/injuries , Vertebral Artery/injuries , Adolescent , Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnosis , Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Arteriovenous Fistula/etiology , Child , Female , Humans , Radiography , Subclavian Vein/diagnostic imaging , Vertebral Artery/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Although splanchnic artery aneurysms are uncommon and remain mostly asymptomatic, they are associated with a high mortality rate when they rupture. We discuss the case of a 66-year-old woman who had successful embolization of a left gastric artery aneurysm after presenting with acute chest pain and the unusual computed tomography findings of hemothorax and hemomediastinum. To our knowledge, only one other similar case has been published in the literature.
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Aneurysm, Ruptured/complications , Hemothorax/etiology , Mediastinal Diseases/etiology , Stomach/blood supply , Aged , Aneurysm, Ruptured/diagnostic imaging , Aneurysm, Ruptured/therapy , Angiography, Digital Subtraction , Contrast Media , Embolization, Therapeutic , Female , Hemothorax/diagnostic imaging , Hemothorax/therapy , Humans , Mediastinal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Mediastinal Diseases/therapy , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this paper is to review and report our experience with colorectal stenting in the management of malignant large bowel obstruction. METHODS: Twelve consecutive patients with malignant left-sided large bowel obstruction between June 1998 and January 2001 underwent insertion of self-expanding metallic stents. One patient required two stents. Eight stents were inserted under fluoroscopic guidance, and five were inserted with combined fluoroscopic and endoscopic guidance. Patients were followed up until death, stent removal or the time of publication. RESULTS: Thirteen stents were inserted. Eleven patients with acute large bowel obstruction had relief of obstruction with stenting, and one of these patients required a second stent because relief had been incomplete. One patient was stented in order to subsequently close a problematic stoma. Technical success was 92.9% and clinical success was 100%. Three patients proceeded to surgical resection. In nine patients, the stent was left as the definitive procedure. Of these, six patients have died within 4 months. Complications included one case of migration, one case of reobstruction, one intestinal haematoma and one case of cheesewiring. CONCLUSIONS: Colorectal stenting is an important treatment modality for malignant large bowel obstruction. It may be definitive treatment alone, or a bridge to elective surgical resection.
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Intestinal Obstruction/surgery , Stents , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colorectal Neoplasms/complications , Female , Humans , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Stents/adverse effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Renovascular disease is a common cause of renal impairment and hypertension, particularly in the older population. Oligoanuric acute renal failure secondary to renal artery occlusion is not well recognized; however, it is potentially reversible if identified and treated. METHODS: Five patients presented to our institution with oligoanuric acute renal failure. Each had evidence of vascular disease, and a prerenal insult was identified. They were investigated with renal artery Doppler ultrasound or nuclear imaging before proceeding to percutaneous angioplasty and stent placement. RESULTS: The targeted kidney had relatively well-preserved renal size, and potential viability of the renal tissue was determined by nuclear scanning with parenchymal uptake of tracer. Percutaneous angioplasty and stent placement resulted in brisk reperfusion of the kidney and an immediate diuresis with improvement of renal function, avoiding supportive dialysis after the procedure. Contrast nephrotoxicity was identified in two of the five cases. CONCLUSION: Renal artery occlusion should be considered as a cause of oliguric acute renal failure, particularly in patients at high risk who present with a sudden deterioration of renal function, with nuclear imaging showing potentially viable renal tissue with relatively well-preserved renal size. Percutaneous revascularization should be considered in this group.