Endovascular Repair of an Iliac Arteriovenous Fistula in a 30-Year-Old Female Patient with Suspected Severe Cardiac Insufficiency: A Case Report.

A 30-year-old female was initially diagnosed with cardiac insufficiency and severe claudication. Additional imaging revealed a large iliac arteriovenous fistula, which was treated with an endovascular technique. A custom-made, self-expanding, polytetrafluorethylene-covered stent was implanted to restore the physiologic hemodynamic environment. The patient was asymptomatic at the 12-month clinical follow-up.

Nine-month clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes treated with polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents and 6­month vs. 12­month dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is known to be associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES). Defining the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after DES implantation is still under debate. The objective of this subgroup analysis of the all-comers ISAR 2000 registry was to assess the safety and efficacy of a short DAPT (<6 month) versus a longer DAPT (>6 month) in patients with diabetes electively treated with the polymer-free sirolimus-coated ultrathin strut drug-eluting stent (PF-SES). METHODS: Patients who received the PF-SES were investigated in a multicenter all-comers observational study. The primary endpoint was the 9­month target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate, whereas secondary endpoints included the 9­month major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and procedural success rates. RESULTS: In all, 167 patients were treated with DAPT for ≤6 months (S-DAPT group) and 350 patients underwent DAPT treatment for 12 months (L-DAPT group). There was no significant difference in the overall MACE rate (4.6% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.441), the 9­month accumulated stent thrombosis rates (0.8% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.51), or the accumulated rate of bleeding complications (5.3% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.341). CONCLUSION: PF-SES are safe and effective in daily clinical routine with low rates of TLR and MACE in patients with diabetes and stable disease. Our data suggest that extending the duration of DAPT beyond 6 months does not improve MACE or TLR at 9 months in patients with stable CAD (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02629575).

Treatment of drug-eluting stents in-stent restenosis with paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty: Insights from the French "real-world" prospective GARO Registry.

BACKGROUND: Data about paclitaxel-eluting balloon (PCB) angioplasty to treat drug-eluting stents (DES) in-stent restenosis (ISR) were mainly collected in selected patient populations in the setting of randomized trials. The main goal of this prospective registry was to confirm the positive findings of these studies in an unselected population in clinical practice. METHODS: Consecutive patients with DES-ISR treated by PCB angioplasty were recruited in this prospective real-world registry. The primary endpoint was clinically driven target-lesion revascularization (TLR) at 9 months. Secondary endpoints included acute technical success, in-hospital outcomes, 9-month major adverse cardiac events (MACE) a composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI) and TLR and the occurrence of target vessel revascularization. RESULTS: A total of 206 patients (67.7 ± 10.2 years, 80.6% male, 41.3% diabetics) with 210 lesions were recruited. Unstable coronary artery disease was present in 55.3% of patients. The time from DES implantation to DES-ISR was 3.0 ± 2.4 years. Quantitative analyses revealed that patterns of treated DES-ISR were focal in 55.7% and diffuse in 44.3%. The reference diameter was 2.76 ± 0.64 mm. The 9-month follow-up rate was 90.8% (187/206). At 9 months, the TLR rate was 7.0% (13/187) whereas the rates for MACE, MI and cardiac death were 10.7% (20/187), 4.8% (9/187) and 2.1% (4/187) respectively. Results were consistent in patients with paclitaxel and non-paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) ISR. CONCLUSION: This large prospective registry demonstrated acceptable rates of TLR and MACE at 9 months after treatment of DES-ISR by PCB angioplasty. PCB angioplasty was equally effective in patients with PES-ISR and non PES-ISR.

The NICE recommendation for drug-coated balloons and its global impact.

OBJECTIVES: The clinical efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty in patients with coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) has been demonstrated. The objective of this article is to provide comparative cost efficacy data for DCB angioplasty in various countries based on the original methodology of the Medical Technologies Evaluation Programme (MTEP) at the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in 2010. STUDY DESIGN: Published and unpublished Health Technology Assessment (HTA) reports were evaluated for comparison in selected countries. Furthermore, a systematic review of economic evaluations of DCB angioplasty versus standard treatments (uncoated balloon angioplasty or drug-eluting stent implantations) was conducted. METHODS: National cost efficacy data were evaluated using Markov state transition models which were adapted to fit each country's device and procedure related costs. The clinical input for adverse events was defined with two relevant trials for in-stent restenosis of bare metal stents (BMS-ISR) and of drug-eluting stents (DES-ISR). RESULTS: In the UK, Germany, Switzerland, South Africa, Japan and Brazil, DCB angioplasty is cost-effective when compared with drug-eluting stents to treat either BMS-ISR or DES-ISR. CONCLUSIONS: DCB angioplasty ought to be the preferred treatment option for patients with BMS-ISR and DES-ISR from the payers' point of view.

Prospective 'real world' registry for the use of the 'PCB only' strategy in small vessel de novo lesions.

BACKGROUND: This prospective registry assessed the safety and efficacy of paclitaxel coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty for small vessel coronary artery disease in Europe and Asia with the intention to treat lesions without additional stenting. The use of PCBs in small vessels seems to be associated with favourable outcomes; however, prospective data for the use of PCBs without stenting are limited. METHODS: The SeQuent Please Small Vessel 'PCB only' Registry was an international, prospective, multicentre registry enrolling patients with de novo lesions of small reference diameters (≥ 2.0 mm, ≤ 2.75 mm). The primary end point was clinically driven target lesion revascularisation (TLR) at 9 months. Secondary end points were acute technical success, in-hospital outcomes, 9-month major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (death, myocardial infarction, or TLR), and the occurrence of definite lesion and vessel thrombosis. RESULTS: A total of 479 patients (66.1 ± 10.9 years, 36.7% diabetics) were enrolled, 105 (23.5%) with an acute coronary syndrome, 41 (9.2%) with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and 60 (14.8%) with non-STEMI. The initial procedural success rate was 99.0%; 27 patients (6%) needed additional bare metal stent implantation. TLR at 9.4±1.7 months occurred in 14 patients (3.6%), while three patients (0.6%) had vessel thrombosis in non-target lesions. There was no cardiac death or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. CONCLUSIONS: To date, this is the largest prospective study with PCBs in small vessel de novo lesions in unselected patients. Rates of TLR and MACE were low, suggesting the use of PCBs may be an attractive alternative treatment option to drug eluting stents in small vessels.

Determination of phthalate esters in human semen.

Phthalate esters are a large group of chemical compounds used in the production of plastics, household articles, packages, cosmetics and plant pesticides. World production of phthalates is estimated to be several million tons a year. Recent observations indicate some mutagenic, cancerogenic and orchidotoxic effect of these compounds. Therefore, to assess the extent of risk it is imperative to have an adequate analytical method. The following is simple and relatively inexpensive. The study group consisted of 58 men.