ABSTRACT
Sex dolls have been criticized for reproducing unrealistic expectations about human bodies. Yet precise sex doll measurements are lacking in the literature nor has there been any systematic attempt to determine the extent to which sex dolls exaggerate human characteristics. To address this gap, we compared the specifications of sex dolls marketed in the USA with the characteristics of women and men living in the USA. Specifically, we tested if and to what degree female dolls were slimmer (H1) and male dolls more muscular (H2) than female and male humans, respectively. Furthermore, we tested if and to what degree female dolls' breasts (H3) and male dolls' penises (H4) were larger than those of women and men. We also tested if sex dolls' observed race/ethnicity was more often White than that of the US population (H5). In 2023, we collected the measures of all 757 full-body sex dolls marketed by the US retailer SexyRealSexDolls.com. Body measures from the US population were extracted from scientific literature. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using R. All hypotheses were fully or partially confirmed, which indicated that sex dolls marketed in the USA are not realistic depictions of the US population but hypergendered (H1, H2), hypersexualized (H3, H4), and racially fetishized (H5). Implications of the lack of realism are discussed.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: According to socialization theory, parental sex education should lead to increased sexual literacy in adolescents. However, current data for Germany is lacking. RESEARCH AIM: Against this backdrop, the aim of the present study was to link for the first time the general conversations about sexuality in the family (research question 1, RQ1), and specifically parental contraception education (RQ2), with the sexual risk behavior of adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The database is the ninth wave of the representative survey "Youth Sexuality" conducted by the Federal Centre for Health Education in Germany (BZgA). Data from all sexually active 14- to 17-year-old adolescents in the sample who provided information on their sexual behavior and whose parents reported on their sex education behavior were analyzed (Nâ¯= 357). To answer the two research questions, logistic regression analyses were carried out with four central characteristics of adolescent sexual behavior. RESULTS: The results showed that for both girls and boys conversations about sexuality in the family are positively correlated with (1) reached age of consent at first sexual intercourse, (2) a positive first sexual intercourse experience, (3) reliable contraception use, and (4) a low number of sexual partners (RQ1). The same pattern of results emerged for contraception education by parents (RQ2). DISCUSSION: The positive correlations between parental sex education and less risky adolescent sexual behavior need to be further investigated with respect to the underlying causal mechanisms.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Sex Education , Male , Female , Adolescent , Humans , Nuclear Family , Germany , Sexual Behavior , Sexuality , Risk-Taking , Contraception BehaviorABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Men who pay for sex (MPS) are a vulnerable bridging population for spreading sexually transmitted infections (STI). However, their prevalence and sexual health are unknown in Germany. METHODS: We analyzed data from 2336 men aged 18-75 years resident in Germany who completed the German Health and Sexuality Survey (GeSiD), a populationbased probability sample survey undertaken 2018-2019, using face-to-face interviews (participation rate: 30.2%). RESULTS: 26.9% (95% confidence interval [24.7; 29.2]) of all men reported ever paying for sex. On average, MPS had M = 19.9 [16.8; 22.9] lifetime sexual partners, among them M = 7.3 [5.3; 9.4] paid partners. MPS described their paid sex predominantly as vaginal intercourse in domestic brothels. Regarding socio - demographic characteristics, MPS differed from men not paying for sex (MNPS) in terms of age, immigration status, and sex education. Compared to MNPS, MPS reported significantly more HIV/STI risk-taking, including multiple sex partners in the past year (OR adjusted for age, immigration status, sex education; AOR 3.55) and STI diagnosis in the past 5 years (AOR 1.96) as well as more prevention behaviors (e.g., condom use in the past year: AOR 3.13). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MPS suggests physicians should address the topic with their patients to protect and improve the sexual health of MPS and their paid and unpaid partners.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Sexual Health , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Female , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Risk-Taking , Sexual Behavior , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although sex toys representing human body parts are widely accepted and normalized, human-like full-body sex dolls and sex robots have elicited highly controversial debates. OBJECTIVE: This systematic scoping review of the academic literature on sex dolls and sex robots, the first of its kind, aimed to examine the extent and type of existing academic knowledge and to identify research gaps against this backdrop. METHODS: A comprehensive multidisciplinary, multidatabase search strategy was used. All steps of literature search and selection, data charting, and synthesis followed the leading methodological guideline, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. A total of 29 (17 peer reviewed) and 98 publications (32 peer reviewed) for sex dolls and sex robots, respectively, from 1993 to 2019 were included. RESULTS: According to the topics and methodologies, the sex doll and sex robot publications were divided into 5 and 6 groups, respectively. The majority of publications were theoretical papers. Thus far, no observational or experimental research exists that uses actual sex dolls or sex robots as stimulus material. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to improve the theoretical elaboration and the scope and depth of empirical research examining the sexual uses of human-like full-body material artifacts, particularly concerning not only risks but also opportunities for sexual and social well-being.
Subject(s)
Robotics/methods , Sexual Behavior/psychology , HumansABSTRACT
Sensationalist, stereotyping or otherwise biased media coverage of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) can harm survivors and is detrimental to rational, solution-oriented public debates on the issue. While the Public Interest Model (PIM) of normative media theory promotes generic quality dimensions, there currently is no framework of issue-specific media quality for reporting about CSA. This paper aims at developing such a framework, working deductively with PIM and inductively with different expert sources regarding quality criteria (QC) for CSA reporting. Our data collection covered four types of expert sources: journalistic guidelines, scientific publications, surveys with survivors and with counseling centers. All sources were content analyzed using reliable codebooks (κ = .79-1.00). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were run. We present a framework comprised of 10 QC. Eight inductively generated QC for CSA media coverage are (1) thematic framing, (2) non-sensational reporting, (3) use of appropriate terms, (4) inclusion of stakeholders, (5) non-stereotypical reporting, (6) inclusion of prevention/intervention, (7) ethical treatment of survivors in interviews and (8) lawful reporting. Two deductively generated QC are (9) balance of survivors' and alleged perpetrators' interests and (10) disclosure and reflection of official sources. Limitations and implications for future media research and journalistic practice are discussed.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse, Sexual , Data Collection/standards , Mass Media/standards , Survivors , Child , Child Abuse, Sexual/prevention & control , HumansABSTRACT
Resumo Considerando O atual debate sobre os currículos nacionais, o presente ensaio tem por objetivo analisar alguns aspectos didáticos de forma a contribuir para O desenvolvimento e organização do conhecimento da Educação Física Escolar.(AU)
Abstract Considering the current debate on the national curriculum, this paper aims to analyze some didactic aspects in order to contribute to the development and organization of knowledge of School Physical Education.(AU)
Subject(s)
Curriculum , Physical Education and TrainingABSTRACT
No Brasil, artes marciais e esportes de combate são considerados conteúdos dos programas de Educação Física do Ensino Fundamental e Médio. Entre outras atividades e tópicos de aprendizagem relevantes, tais como esporte, ginástica, dança, jogos e questões da saúde, as artes marciais e os esportes de combate também foram incluídos no currículo das escolas públicas brasileiras. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as concepções da Educação Física sobre as artes marciais como conteúdo da educação escolar
In Brazil, martial arts and combat sports are considered subjects of Physical Education programs in lementary/high schools. Among other relevant activities and learning topics such as sports, gymnastics, dance, games and body health issues, martial arts and combat sports have also been included in the Brazilian public schools curriculum. The aim of this study is to analyze the conceptions from the Physical Education area about martial arts as a subject in the school education
Subject(s)
Humans , Schools , Sports , Martial ArtsABSTRACT
O presente ensaio tem por objetivo analisar o senso comum que sinaliza para uma presumível imutabilidade ou ineficácia social do componente curricular Educação Física. A premissa da presente elaboração teórica é a de que a Educação Física Escolar comporta um processo evolutivo que aponta para sua legitimidade curricular desafiando, portanto, os corporativismos e as concepções a-históricas provenientes de determinadas esferas acadêmicas e profissionais
This essay aims to analyze the common sense regarding to an apparent immutability or social ineffectiveness of the Physical Education as a curriculum component. The premise of this theoretical framework is that the Physical Education at school involves an evolutionary process which indicate its curricular legitimacy, thus challenging the corporatist and non-historical conception from certain academic and professional spheres
Subject(s)
Humans , Physical Education and Training , CurriculumABSTRACT
A massificação da prática esportiva começando pela escola tem sido sugerida como uma forma eficaz para transformar o Brasil numa potência no esporte de alto rendimento. O objetivo deste ensaio é analisar e refletir sobre o discurso, a realidade e as possiblidades de ensino do esporte na escola, tendo como pano de fundo a relação entre a Educação Física Escolar e o esporte de alto rendimento. Em outras palavras, fazer uma análise crítica para qualificar a vinculação escola-esporte de alto rendimento com o intuito de deixar claro o papel social da escola e a sua eventual contribuição para a formação de atletas, e para discutir as possibilidades reais de se ensinar o esporte na escola, particularmente as habilidades motoras, consideradas as condições em que ela se encontra...
The amplification of mass sport practice starting from school physical education has been suggested as an effective way to transform Brazil in a powerful high performance sport country. The objective of this essay is to analyze and reflect on discourse, reality and possibilities of teaching sport in the schools having as a background the relationship between school physical education and high performance sport. In other words, to carry out a critical analysis to qualify the link school-high performance sport in order to make clear the social role of the school and its eventual contribution to the formation of athletes, and to discuss the real possibilities to teach sport in the schools, particularly motor skills, considering the conditions in which they now are...
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Education, Primary and Secondary , Motor Skills , Physical Education and Training , SportsABSTRACT
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever e caracterizar a inserção da temática Educação Física no Ensino Médio no âmbito dos periódicos nacionais de Educação Física e Esporte (período 2005-2010). Foram explorados 3313 artigos publicados em periódicos classificados nos extratos A e B do sistema Qualis/CAPES. Destes, 31 artigos (1,06%) trazem a temática da Educação Física no Ensino Médio. Baseando-se na proposição de ANTUNES et al.14, foi possível classificar estes 31 artigos nas seis categorias seguintes: Processo Ensino-Aprendizagem e Indefinido: oito artigos (25,80% cada); Finalidade: sete (22,6%); Caracterização: seis (19,35%); Epistemologia: dois (6,5%); e Formação de Professores: nenhum artigo (0%). Os dados revelam uma restrição na produção de conhecimento no campo da Educação Física e Educação Física no Ensino Médio, sugerindo a necessidade de desenvolver um entrecruzamento estratégico das dimensões epistemológicas da área com as pesquisas de caráter aplicado, perpassando pelas questões inerentes ao processo de formação docente...
The aim of this study was to describe and characterize the insertion of Physical Education in High School" as a scientific subject in national Physical Education and Sport Journals (period 2005-2010). We explored 3313 articles published in journals ranked in extracts A and B of the Qualis/CAPES System. Of these, 31 articles (1.06%) brought the theme of Physical Education in High School. Based on ANTUNES et al.14, it was possible to classify these 31 articles in the following 6 categories: Teaching-Learning Process and Indefinite: 8 articles (25.80% each) Purpose: 7 (22.6%), Characterization: 6 (19.35%), Epistemology: 2 (6.5%) and Teachers Training Process: no articles (0%). These data show that there is a restriction in knowledge production in the Physical Education and Physical Education in High School areas, suggesting that is needed to develop a strategic intersection between epistemologist dimension of the area, going through researches and teachers trainings process...
Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Primary and Secondary , Periodicals as Topic , Physical Education and TrainingABSTRACT
O presente estudo visou identificar e analisar a produção do conhecimento relativo ao fenômeno dança no contexto dos periódicos científicos nacionais de Educação Física no período de 2000 a 2010. Foram explorados títulos e resumos de artigos publicados em seis periódicos. Os artigos encontrados foram enquadrados em cinco categorias e os resultados obtidos foram: dos 2362 artigos publicados, 67 (2,84%) abordaram dança. Desses, 38,81% na área dos Estudos Socioculturais do Movimento Humano, 34,33% na Pedagogia do Movimento Humano - dentre os quais, 65,22% tratam do âmbito escolar -, 14,93% na Biodinâmica do Movimento Humano e 5,97% em cada uma das áreas Adaptação do Movimento Humano e Comportamento Motor. Esses resultados foram discutidos em relação à necessidade da elaboração de uma produção acadêmica que explore a multidimensionalidade do fenômeno dança em âmbitos inter e multidisciplinares, favorecendo uma aproximação acadêmica e profissional entre os protagonistas da Dança e da Educação Física.
The present study aims to identify and analyze the production of knowledge related to the dance phenomenon in the context of the national scientific Physical Education journals throughout a 10-year period (2000 to 2010). Titles and summaries of articles published in six journals were explored. The articles found were grouped in Five categories and the results were: from the 2362 published articles, 67 (2.84%) were related to dance. From these, 38.81% were about Human Movement Socio-cultural Studies, 34.33% about Human Movement Pedagogy - among witch 65.22% were related to school -, 17.93% about Human Movement Biodynamic and 5.97% in each areas Human Movement Adaptation and Motor Behavior. These data were discussed in relation to the need of elaborating an academic production that explores the multidimensionality of the dance phenomenon in inter-and multidisciplinary areas, favoring an academic and professional approach among the protagonists of Dance and of Physical Education.
Subject(s)
Dancing , Interdisciplinary Studies , Periodicals as Topic , Physical Education and TrainingABSTRACT
A função do professor de educação física escolar pode ser definida pela elaboração, implantação e avaliação de programas que tematizam, do ponto de vista didático-pedagógico, jogos, esportes, lutas, ginásticas, danças, exercícios físicos, entre outros; com a intenção de influenciar a formação dos alunos para a participação democrática na vida em sociedade. Todavia, este consenso se dilui quando aplicado ao campo do currículo e da formação docente. No campo do currículo, apesar do reconhecimento de que a tematização didático-pedagógica se faz a partir de sentidos culturais e das potencialidades de estimulação do organismo humano que se apresentam nas manifestações da cultura de movimento; a intencionalidade, a organização curricular e a sistematização do conhecimento podem divergir consideravelmente modificando o papel do componente curricular na educação básica. Sendo assim, este texto analisa aspectos do desenvolvimento das teorias curriculares, relacionando-as às perspectivas teóricas em Educação Física. Em seguida, implicações deste debate são relacionadas à formação docente.
The function of the teacher of physical education can be defined by the development, implementation and evaluation of programs that analyze, from the point of view didactic-pedagogic, games, sports, wrestling, gymnastics, dance, exercise, among others, with the intention of influence the student´s formation for democratic participation in society. However, this consensus dissolves when applied to the field of curriculum and teacher training. In the field of curriculum, despite the recognition that the schematization didactic-pedagogic makes up from cultural meanings and potential stimulation of the human organism that is present in the manifestations of the culture of movement; intentionality, curriculum organization and systematization of knowledge may differ considerably modifying the role of curricular component. Therefore, this paper analyzes aspects of the development of curriculum theories and relate them to theoretical perspectives in Physical Education. Then implications of this debate are related to teacher training.
La función del profesor de educación física escolar puede ser definida por la elaboración, implantación y evaluación de programas que tematizan, desde el punto de vista didáctico-pedagógico, juegos, deportes, luchas, gimnasia, danzas, ejercicios físicos, entre otros; con la intención de influenciar la formación de los alumnos para la participación democrática de la vida en sociedad. Todavía, este consenso se diluye cuando es aplicado al campo del currículo y de la formación docente. En el campo del currículo, a pesar del reconocimiento de que la tematización didáctico-pedagógica se hace a partir de los sentidos culturales y de las potencialidades de estimulación del organismo humano que se presentan en las manifestaciones de la cultura del movimiento; la intencionalidad, la organización curricular y la sistematización del conocimiento pueden divergir considerablemente modificando el papel del componente curricular en la educación básica. Siendo así, este texto analiza aspectos del desarrollo de las teorías curriculares, relacionándolas a las perspectivas teóricas en Educación Física. En seguida, las implicaciones de este debate son relacionadas a la formación docente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Curriculum , Faculty , Physical Education and TrainingABSTRACT
O presente ensaio tem por objetivo analisar os conceitos de abordagem de ensino e tendências pedagógicas no campo da Educação Física Escolar. A partir da exploração da literatura especializada, foi possível indagar sobre o grau de consistência interna das teorias pedagógicas produzidas nos anos 80 e 90 do século passado, como propostas sistematizadas para o ensino da Educação Física e suas implicações para o processo de formação docente. Desta forma, é proposto que a partir de uma aproximação acadêmica e profissional, seja possível promover um avanço na direção da sistematização do conhecimento.
The present essay aimed to analyze the concepts of teaching approach and pedagogical trends in the School physical Education field. From the exploration of literature, it was possible to inquire about the degree of internal consistency of pedagogical theories produced in the 80s and 90s of last century, as proposed for the systematic teaching of physical education and its implications for the process of teacher training. Based on this approach, it was concluded that it is necessary an effort to bring together academics and professionals with the aim to evolve towards the knowledge systematization.
Subject(s)
Humans , Teaching/trends , Faculty , Physical Education and TrainingABSTRACT
O presente estudo objetivou analisar a produção acadêmica em lutas, artes marciais e esportes de combate nas principais revistas acadêmicas de circulação nacional da área de Educação Física, após o estabelecimento do sistema CONFEF, bem como analisar os temas destes artigos. A classificação quanto à sua temática seguiu a proposição de Tani (1996) para a estrutura acadêmica da Cinesiologia, Educação Física e Esporte. Dos 2561 artigos publicados nesses periódicos, apenas 75 (2,93%) tratavam de Lutas/Artes Marciais/Modalidades Esportivas de Combate. Foi constatado o predomínio dos estudos conduzidos na área de Biodinâmica (40%), seguidos pelos Estudos Socioculturais do Movimento Humano (32%) e Comportamento Motor (8%). Os estudos aplicados foram divididos em: Pedagogia do Movimento Humano (10,7%), Treinamento Esportivo (8%), Administração Esportiva (1,3%) e Adaptação do Movimento Humano (nenhum artigo produzido). Esses dados indicam: (1) carência de publicações sobre essas atividades, especialmente as de caráter aplicado; (2) necessidade de investimento em pesquisas inter e multidisciplinares sobre essa temática.
The present study had as objective to verify the production of fight, martial arts and combat sports in articles published in the main Physical Education academic journals available in Brazil after the establishment of the CONFEF, as well as analyze the subjects studied in these articles. The subject classification followed Tani (1996)s proposition concerning an academic structure to Kinesiology, Physical Education and Sport. When considering the 2561 articles published on these journals only 75 (2.93%) were related to Fight/Martial Arts/Combat Sports. It was verified a predominance of studies conducted in the Biodynamic area (40%), followed by Human Movement Socio-cultural Studies (32%) and Motor Behavior (8%). The applied studies were divided as: Human Movement Pedagogy (10.7%), Sports Training (8%), Sports Administration (1.3%) and Adapted Human Movement (none study published). These data indicate: (1) a reduced number of publications concerning these activities, especially those of applied nature; (2) a need to promote inter and multidisciplinary research about this subject.
Subject(s)
Martial Arts/statistics & numerical data , Scientific Publication IndicatorsABSTRACT
Una experiencia inusual acaecida en el Hospital II - ESSALUD Tarapoto durante los últimos seis meses, cual ha sido la recepción y tratamiento de un sin número de personas heridas con arma de fuego (PAF) de un instrumento artesanal o "casero" conocido como "trampero" en nuestras zona ("armadillo" en otros lugares) ha servido de motivo de inspiración para desarrollar el presente trabajo monográfico, a fin de merecer el diploma correspondiente luego de haber culminado satisfactoriamente los ocho Módulos de Curso de Post Grado de MEDICINA LEGAL Y CIENCIAS FORENSES que acertadamente organizó y desarrolló la Facultad de Medicina Humana a la UNIVERSIDAD RICARDO PALMA en la ciudad de Tarapoto.
Subject(s)
Humans , Wounds, Gunshot , Forensic Medicine , LegABSTRACT
A cárie secundária representa sério problema na clínica odontológica. A restauração de dentes acometidos por cárie ou outras patologias pode criar condições favoráveis à proliferação de patógenos na superfície do material restaurador ou na interface dente/restauração, tornando o ambiente propício para o estabelecimento de cárie secundária. Desta forma, foi objetivo deste estudo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de cimentos de ionômero de vidro convencionais e fotopolimerizáveis e da resina Z 100, utilizada como controle. Empregou-se o método de difusão em agar e o meio de cultura foi o agar Mueller-Hinton acrescido de 5 por cento de sangue desfibrinado de cavalo. As placas previamente inoculadas com 108 células de S. mutans ATCC 25175 foram incubadas a 37ºC, em microaerofilia, por 48 horas, realizando-se, a seguir, a leitura dos resultados medindo-se o halo de inibição do crescimento bacteriano. Verificou-se que a resina composta Z 100 não apresentou atividade antimicrobiana enquanto que o cimento ionomérico Vitremer produziu os maiores halos de inibição do crescimento bacteriano
Subject(s)
Dental Caries , Glass Ionomer CementsABSTRACT
Avaliou-se a produção de DNases, fibrinolisina e coagulase por isolados de Fusobacterium nucleatum obtidos de pacientes com doença periodontal e de indivíduos sadios. Verificou-se que 72,22 por cento dos isolados de pacientes e 73,68 por cento dos sadios produziram enzimas capazes de degradar DNA, enquanto a produção de coagulase e fibrinolisina somente foi nos isolados de pacientes com doença periodontal. Concluiu-se que, quanto aos fatores de virulência estudados, os isolados de F. nucleatum obtidos de pacientes não diferem significativamente dos isolados de sadios
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Bacteria , Periodontal DiseasesABSTRACT
Queijo Minas tem sido um alimento envolvido em muitos surtos de toxinfecçäo alimentar em Minas Gerais. Foram conduzidos experimentos para determinar em qual estágio da fabricaçäo do Queijo Minas Frescal a enterotoxina que cause este tipo de intoxicaçäo produzida. Leite pasteurizado utilizado na fabricaçäo do queijo foi inoculado com 10 e 10(4ª) U.F.C./ml de uma linhagem de Staphylococcus aureus produtora de enterotoxina A e incubado a 26-27ºC por variados períodos de tempo, antes do preparo dos queijos. Amostras do leite do coágulo e do queijo foram utilizados para determinar a contagem de S. aureus e a presença da de enterotoxina A. A enterotoxina näo foi detectada no queijo preparado com leite que tinha sido inoculado com 10 (4ª) U.F.C./ml após ter sido mantido por 5 horas a 27ºC e estava presente em todas amostras de queijo
