Co/SiO2 Catalyst for Methoxycarbonylation of Acetylene: On Catalytic Performance and Active Species.

Reppe carbonylation of acetylene is an atom-economic and non-petroleum approach to synthesize acrylic acid and acrylate esters, which are key intermediates in the textile, leather finishing, and polymer industries. In the present work, a noble metal-free Co@SiO2 catalyst was prepared and evaluated in the methoxycarbonylation reaction of acetylene. It was discovered that pretreatment of the catalyst by different reductants (i.e., C2H2, CO, H2, and syngas) greatly improved the catalytic activity, of which Co/SiO2-H2 demonstrated the best performance under conditions of 160 °C, 0.05 MPa C2H2, 4 MPa CO, and 1 h, affording a production rate of 4.38 gMA+MP gcat-1 h-1 for methyl acrylate (MA) and methyl propionate (MP) and 0.91 gDMS gcat-1 h-1 for dimethyl succinate (DMS), respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra of CO adsorption (CO-DRIFTS) measurements revealed that an H2 reduction decreased the size of the Co nanoparticles and promoted the formation of hollow architectures, leading to an increase in the metal surface area and CO adsorption on the catalyst. The hot filtration experiment confirmed that Co2(CO)8 was generated in situ during the reaction or at the pre-activation stage, which served as the genuine active species. Our work provides a facile and convenient approach to the in situ synthetization of Co2(CO)8 for a Reppe carbonylation reaction.

Selective production of methylindan and tetralin with xylose or hemicellulose.

Indan and tetralin are widely used as fuel additives and the intermediates in the manufacture of thermal-stable jet fuel, many chemicals, medicines, and shockproof agents for rubber industry. Herein, we disclose a two-step route to selectively produce 5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene (abbreviated as methylindan) and tetralin with xylose or the hemicelluloses from agricultural or forestry waste. Firstly, cyclopentanone (CPO) was selectively formed with ~60% carbon yield by the direct hydrogenolysis of xylose or hemicelluloses on a non-noble bimetallic Cu-La/SBA-15 catalyst. Subsequently, methylindan and tetralin were selectively produced with CPO via a cascade self-aldol condensation/rearrangement/aromatization reaction catalyzed by a commercial H-ZSM-5 zeolite. When we used cyclohexanone (another lignocellulosic cycloketone) in the second step, the main product switched to dimethyltetralin. This work gives insights into the selective production of bicyclic aromatics with lignocellulose.

The hemostatic performance and mechanism of palygorskite with structural regulate by oxalic acid gradient leaching.

Palygorskite (Pal) is a naturally available one-dimensional clay mineral, featuring rod-shaped morphology, nanoporous structure, permanent negative charges as well as abundant surface hydroxyl groups, exhibiting promising potential as a natural hemostatic material. In this study, the hemostatic performance and mechanisms of Pal were systematically investigated based on the structural regulate induced by oxalic acid (OA) gradient leaching from perspectives of structure, surface attributes and ion release.In vitroandin vivohemostasis evaluation showed that Pal with OA leaching for 1 h exhibited a superior blood procoagulant effect compared with the raw Pal as well as the others leached for prolonging time. This phenomenon might be ascribed to the synergistic effect of the intact nanorod-like morphology, the increase in the surface negative charge, the release of metal ions (Fe3+and Mg2+), and the improved blood affinity, which promoted the intrinsic coagulation pathway, the fibrinogenesis and the adhesion of blood cells, thereby accelerating the formation of robust blood clots. This work is expected to provide experimental and theoretical basis for the construction of hemostatic biomaterials based on clay minerals.

Suppressing Metal Leaching and Sintering in Hydroformylation Reaction by Modulating the Coordination of Rh Single Atoms with Reactants.

Hydroformylation reaction is one of the largest homogeneously catalyzed industrial processes yet suffers from difficulty and high cost in catalyst separation and recovery. Heterogeneous single-atom catalysts (SACs), on the other hand, have emerged as a promising alternative due to their high initial activity and reasonable regioselectivity. Nevertheless, the stability of SACs against metal aggregation and leaching during the reaction has rarely been addressed. Herein, we elucidate the mechanism of Rh aggregation and leaching by investigating the structural evolution of Rh1@silicalite-1 SAC in response to different adsorbates (CO, H2, alkene, and aldehydes) by using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, X-ray adsorption fine structure, and scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques and kinetic studies. It is discovered that the aggregation and leaching of Rh are induced by the strong adsorption of CO and aldehydes on Rh, as well as the reduction of Rh3+ by CO/H2 which weakens the binding of Rh with support. In contrast, alkene effectively counteracts this effect by the competitive adsorption on Rh atoms with CO/aldehyde, and the disintegration of Rh clusters. Based on these results, we propose a strategy to conduct the reaction under conditions of high alkene concentration, which proves to be able to stabilize Rh single atom against aggregation and/or leaching for more than 100 h time-on-stream.

Improving feed intake and rumen fermentation in lambs using mixed-dimensional attapulgite clay to adsorb naturally occurring mycotoxins.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of including a mixed-dimensional attapulgite clay (MDA) into a naturally moldly diet for Hu lambs. Fifty male Hu lambs with similar initial body weight (28.24 ±â€…1.80 kg) were randomly allocated into five dietary treatments: a basal diet containing naturally occurring mycotoxins with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kg/t MDA, and basal diet with a commercial mycotoxin adsorbent Solis with montmorillonite as the major component at 1 kg/t. Both MDA and Solis increased average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI; P ≤ 0.004), and there was no difference in growth performance between MDA and Solis (P ≥ 0.26). The final body weight, DMI, and ADG were linearly increased with increasing MDA supplementation (P < 0.01). Lambs treated with both MDA and Solis demonstrated greater apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and energy compared with the control group (P ≤ 0.03), and there were no differences in nutrient digestibilities between MDA and Solis (P ≥ 0.38). Digestibility of CP was linearly increased with the increasing MDA supplementation (P = 0.01). Neither MDA nor Solis affected rumen total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration (P ≥ 0.39), but decreased the acetate-to-propionate ratio and molar proportion of n-butyrate (P ≤ 0.01), and MDA also increased the concentration of ammonia (P = 0.003). Besides, increasing MDA supplementation linearly reduced the acetate-to-propionate ratio and molar proportion of n-butyrate (P = 0.01), but linearly and quadratically increased the concentration of ammonia (P ≥ 0.003). These results showed that the incorporation of MDA into a naturally moldy diet of Hu lambs yielded comparable results to the Solis product, with higher growth performance and nutrient digestibility but lower acetate-to-propionate ratio observed. In conclusion, including ≥ 1 kg/t of MDA in high mycotoxin risk diets for growing lambs improves feed intake and rumen fermentation.

The issue of mycotoxin-contaminated animal feed has consistently presented a significant challenge in relation to animal health and production. The mixed-dimensional attapulgite clay (MDA) has been proven effective in binding polar mycotoxins such as aflatoxin, while also effectively adsorbing hydrophobic or weakly polar mycotoxins such as zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the impact of MDA inclusion in mycotoxin-contaminated diets on performance and rumen fermentation variables in lambs. The results indicated that MDA not only significantly improved the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Hu lambs but also enhanced the molar proportion of propionate and ammonia concentration, and reduced the acetate to propionate ratio and the molar proportion of n-butyrate.

Metal-Oxo Electronic Tuning via In Situ CO Decoration for Promoting Methane Conversion to Oxygenates over Single-Atom Catalysts.

Direct methane conversion (DMC) to oxygenates at low temperature is of great value but remains challenging due to the high energy barrier for C-H bond activation. Here, we report that in situ decoration of Pd1-ZSM-5 single atom catalyst (SAC) by CO molecules significantly promoted the DMC reaction, giving the highest turnover frequency of 207 h-1 ever reported at room temperature and ~100 % oxygenates selectivity with H2O2 as oxidant. Combined characterizations and DFT calculations illustrate that the C-atom of CO prefers to coordinate with Pd1, which donates electrons to the Pd1-O active center (L-Pd1-O, L=CO) generated by H2O2 oxidation. The correspondingly improved electron density over Pd-O pair renders a favorable heterolytic dissociation of C-H bond with low energy barrier of 0.48 eV. Applying CO decoration strategy to M1-ZSM-5 (M=Pd, Rh, Ru, Fe) enables improvement of oxygenates productivity by 3.2-11.3 times, highlighting the generalizability of this method in tuning metal-oxo electronic structure of SACs for efficient DMC process.

Production of Renewable Hydrocarbon Biofuels with Lignocellulose and Its Derivatives over Heterogeneous Catalysts.

In recent years, the issues of global warming and CO2 emission reduction have garnered increasing global attention. In the 21st Conference of the Parties (convened in Paris in 2015), 179 nations and the European Union signed a pivotal agreement to limit the global temperature increase of this century to well below 2 K above preindustrial levels. To fulfill this objective, extensive research has been conducted to use renewable energy sources as potential replacements for traditional fossil fuels. Among them, the production of hydrocarbon transportation fuels from CO2-neutral and renewable biomass has proven to be a particularly promising solution due to its compatibility with existing infrastructure. This review systematically summarizes research progress in the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbon biofuels from lignocellulose during the past two decades. Based on the chemical structure (including n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, aromatics, and cycloalkanes) of hydrocarbon transportation fuels, the synthesis pathways of these biofuels are discussed in four separate sections. Furthermore, this review proposes three guiding principles for the design of practical hydrocarbon biofuels, providing insights into future directions for the development of viable biomass-derived liquid fuels.

Association between insulin receptor substrate 1 gene polymorphism rs1801278 and gestational diabetes mellitus: an updated meta- analysis.

OBJECTIVES: we performed this meta- analysis to investigate the impact of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene rs1801278 on susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated, and p value is used to determine statistical significance. Sensitivity analysis was performed under three models (dominant, recessive and allele model), and the pooled ORs and 95%CI were calculated. Funnel plots and Begger's regression test were employed to test the publication bias. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 4777 participants (2116 cases and 2661 controls). The IRS1 rs1801278 (C/T) were not significant associated with GDM risk under the dominant and allele models, OR (95%CI) = 1.22 (0.88-1.70) and 1.24 (0.91-1.68), respectively (both p values were more than 0.05). But we also found the IRS1 rs1801278 (C/T) were significant associated with GDM risk under the recessive model, OR (95%CI) = 0.37 (0.16-0.86), p = 0.030. Our results showed that none of the studies affected the quality of the pooled OR. We also found no significant publication bias existed in this meta study for three genetic models, PTT + CT vs. CC = 0.445; PCC+CT vs. TT= 0.095; PC vs. T = 0.697. CONCLUSION: this meta-analysis indicated that IRS1 rs1801278 (C/T) was associated with the GDM risk under the recessive model but was not associated with the GDM risk under dominant and allele models.

Converting Glycerol into Valuable Trioses by Cuδ+ -Single-Atom-Decorated WO3 under Visible Light.

Photocatalytic selective oxidation under visible light presents a promising approach for the sustainable transformation of biomass-derived wastes. However, achieving both high conversion and excellent selectivity poses a significant challenge. In this study, two valuable trioses, glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone, are produced from glycerol over Cuδ+ -decorated WO3 photocatalyst in the presence of H2 O2 . The photocatalyst exhibits a remarkable five-fold increase in the conversion rate (3.81 mmol ⋅ g-1 ⋅ h-1 ) while maintaining a high selectivity towards two trioses (46.4 % to glyceraldehyde and 32.9 % to dihydroxyacetone). Through a comprehensive analysis involving X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements with and without light irradiation, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and isotopic analysis, the critical role of Cu+ species has been explored as efficient hole acceptors. These species facilitate charge transfer, promoting glycerol oxidation by photoholes, followed by coupling with OH- , which are subsequently dehydrated to yield the desired glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone.

Porous superabsorbent composites prepared from aqueous foam template and application evaluation.

Rapid water absorption is very important for the application of superabsorbent polymers under dry or semi-dry conditions, but there are currently few relevant studies. In this context, a novel porous superabsorbent of chitosan-grafted acrylic copolymer-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid/sapindus mukorossi pericarp/calcined oil shale semi-coke (CS-g-P(AA-co-AMPS)/SMP/COSSC) was prepared by a green and convenient foam template method, which was triggered by redox polymerization. The rich pore structure of the porous superabsorbent was conducive to accelerating the water absorption rate. It only took 15 min to reach a swelling capacity of 650 g g-1 in distilled water. Soil experiments show that even with the addition of 0.5 wt% porous superabsorbent, the soil water retention time can be extended to 7 days. Finally, it was applied to the growth of cabbage seeds and it was found that the growth was significantly improved. Based on these excellent properties, we expect to provide a valuable reference for the preparation of fast-absorbing materials through the green water-based foam template method, contributing to sustainable agriculture.

Microvesicle-Embedded Solid-liquid Composite Coating for the Tribological Behavior Regulation and Long-Acting Lubrication.

Friction interfaces in liquid-embedded composite lubrication coatings commonly comprise a combination of discontinuous fluid films and rough solid contact surfaces, which together ensure easy shearing and a prolonged wear life. However, achieving high efficacy in mixed lubrication poses a challenge due to the conflicting nature of enhanced migration freedom for the liquid lubricant and increased mechanical strength of the solid matrix. Recent efforts have focused on incorporating reinforcing fillers to develop multicomponent, multiphase composites that can address this paradox. Here, we describe a modified attapulgite (APT) with strong biphasic wettability via the oil decompressive osmosis treatment on APT nanocontainers grafted with long nonpolar alkyl chains. This modified APT enables control over the size, distribution, and mobility of lubricant droplets by constructing a Pickering emulsion and toughens the solid-phase matrix through dispersion strengthening. Additionally, the introduction of APT induces the formation of a solid tribofilm during friction, which possesses a higher oil adsorption capacity, as verified through first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). Consequently, the fluid films can be replenished by the fracture of nanocontainers and adsorption from the bulk phase; further comprehensive and effective regulation of the friction interface leads to low friction and wear.

Mutator-like transposable element 9A interacts with metacaspase 1 and modulates the incidence of Al-induced programmed cell death in peanut.

The toxicity of aluminum (Al) in acidic soil inhibits plant root development and reduces crop yields. In the plant response to Al toxicity, the initiation of programmed cell death (PCD) appears to be an important mechanism for the elimination of Al-damaged cells to ensure plant survival. In a previous study, the type I metacaspase AhMC1 was found to regulate the Al stress response and to be essential for Al-induced PCD. However, the mechanism by which AhMC1 is altered in the peanut response to Al stress remained unclear. Here, we show that a nuclear protein, mutator-like transposable element 9A (AhMULE9A), directly interacts with AhMC1 in vitro and in vivo. This interaction occurs in the nucleus in peanut and is weakened during Al stress. Furthermore, a conserved C2HC zinc finger domain of AhMULE9A (residues 735-751) was shown to be required for its interaction with AhMC1. Overexpression of AhMULE9A in Arabidopsis and peanut strongly inhibited root growth with a loss of root cell viability under Al treatment. Conversely, knock down of AhMULE9A in peanut significantly reduced Al uptake and Al inhibition of root growth, and alleviated the occurrence of typical hallmarks of Al-induced PCD. These findings provide novel insight into the regulation of Al-induced PCD.

Dermato-neuro syndrome after COVID-19 infection in a patient with scleromyxoedema: Previously successful treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins.

Scleromyxedema (SMX) is a rare disease of unknown cause. It is a chronic, progressive, metabolic disorder characterized by a generalized papular and scleroderma-like rash, as well as a subtype of lichen myxedematosus. Dermato-neuro syndrome (DNS) is a rare neurological complication of SMX. It has flu-like prodromal symptoms; consists of a triad of fever, coma, and seizures; and can be life-threatening. We describe a patient with SMX complicated by DNS after infection with COVID-19. Her symptoms resolved after treatment with acyclovir and low-dose glucocorticoids, suggesting that DNS seizures may have a viral cause. Her skin lesions also improved after seven courses of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, confirming that intravenous immunoglobulin is effective in these cases.

Ethylene Methoxycarbonylation over Heterogeneous Pt1/MoS2 Single-Atom Catalyst: Metal-Support Concerted Catalysis.

Ethylene methoxycarbonylation (EMC) to methyl propanoate (MP) is an industrially important reaction and commercially uses a homogeneous Pd-phosphine organometallic complex as the catalyst and corrosive strong acid as the promoter. In this work, we develop a Pt1/MoS2 heterogeneous single-atom catalyst (SAC) which exhibits high activity, selectivity, and good recyclability for EMC reaction without need of any liquid acid. The production rate of MP achieves 0.35 gMP gcat-1 h-1 with MP selectivity of 91.1% at 1 MPa CO, 1 MPa C2H4, and 160 °C, which can be doubled at 2 MPa CO and corresponds to 320.1 molMP molPt-1 h-1, at least 1 order of magnitude higher than the earlier reported heterogeneous catalyst and even comparable to some of homogeneous catalyst. Advanced characterizations and DFT calculations reveal that all the Pt single atoms are located at the Mo vacancies along the Mo edge of the MoS2 nanosheets, forming pocket-like Mo-S-Pt1-S-Mo ensembles with uniform and well-defined structure. Methanol is first adsorbed and dissociated on Mo sites, and the produced H spillovers to the adjacent Pt site forming Pt-H species which then activate ethylene, forming Pt-ethyl species. Meanwhile, CO adsorbed on the other Mo site reacts with the Pt-ethyl species, yielding propionyl species, and this carbonylation is the rate-determining step. The final methoxylation step proceeds via the nucleophilic attack of propionyl species by -OCH3 affording the final product MP. Such a metal-support concerted catalysis enabled by the Mo-S-Pt1-S-Mo multisite ensemble opens a new avenue for SACs to promote the multimolecular reactions that prevail in homogeneous catalysis.

Molecular Cloning, Expression Analysis, and Functional Analysis of Nine IbSWEETs in Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.

Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) genes play an important regulatory role in plants' growth and development, stress response, and sugar metabolism, but there are few reports on the role of SWEET proteins in sweet potato. In this study, nine IbSWEET genes were obtained via PCR amplification from the cDNA of sweet potato. Phylogenetic analysis showed that nine IbSWEETs separately belong to four clades (Clade I~IV) and contain two MtN3/saliva domains or PQ-loop superfamily and six~seven transmembrane domains. Protein interaction prediction showed that seven SWEETs interact with other proteins, and SWEETs interact with each other (SWEET1 and SWEET12; SWEET2 and SWEET17) to form heterodimers. qRT-PCR analysis showed that IbSWEETs were tissue-specific, and IbSWEET1b was highly expressed during root growth and development. In addition to high expression in leaves, IbSWEET15 was also highly expressed during root expansion, and IbSWEET7, 10a, 10b, and 12 showed higher expression in the leaves. The expression of SWEETs showed a significant positive/negative correlation with the content of soluble sugar and starch in storage roots. Under abiotic stress treatment, IbSWEET7 showed a strong response to PEG treatment, while IbSWEET10a, 10b, and 12 responded significantly to 4 °C treatment and, also, at 1 h after ABA, to NaCl treatment. A yeast mutant complementation assay showed that IbSWEET7 had fructose, mannose, and glucose transport activity; IbSWEET15 had glucose transport activity and weaker sucrose transport activity; and all nine IbSWEETs could transport 2-deoxyglucose. These results provide a basis for further elucidating the functions of SWEET genes and promoting molecular breeding in sweet potato.

The effect of soil environmental factors on the yield and quality of Pueraria lobata.

Pueraria lobata is a typical medicinal and edible plant with great market value and demand, thus exploring the relationship between soil environmental factors and the yield and quality of Pueraria lobata is of great significance for its high-value cultivation. In this study, using the Guige 1 variety (Pueraria montana var. Thomsonii) selected by our research group as the material to compare the effects of five soil types, endophytes in three parts of Pueraria lobata and two fertilizers on its yield and quality. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation effect of five soil types on the yield and quality of Guige 1 was as follow: red-yellow mixed soil (RYMS) > black loam soil (BLS) > sandy loam soil (SLS) > sandy loam soil waterlogging (SLSW) > yellow soil compaction soil (YSCS); the descending order of endophyte types and quantities is in BLS > RYMS > SLS > YSC > SLSW; applying General Compound Fertilizers (GCF) in RYMS is more suitable for the rapid expansion of Guige 1 than Organic-Slow-Release-Fertilizers (OSRF). The high potassium content in RYMS and high effective phosphorus content in BLS are positively correlated with the content of starch and isoflavone in Pueraria lobata. The conclusion is that the high potassium and available phosphorus content in RYMS and BLS, as well as the rich types and quantities of endophytic bacteria, are positively correlated with the yield and quality of Pueraria lobata. The research results have important guiding significance for the high-value cultivation of Pueraria lobata.

Synthesis of piperidines and pyridine from furfural over a surface single-atom alloy Ru1CoNP catalyst.

The sustainable production of value-added N-heterocycles from available biomass allows to reduce the reliance on fossil resources and creates possibilities for economically and ecologically improved synthesis of fine and bulk chemicals. Herein, we present a unique Ru1CoNP/HAP surface single-atom alloy (SSAA) catalyst, which enables a new type of transformation from the bio-based platform chemical furfural to give N-heterocyclic piperidine. In the presence of NH3 and H2, the desired product is formed under mild conditions with a yield up to 93%. Kinetic studies show that the formation of piperidine proceeds via a series of reaction steps. Initially, in this cascade process, furfural amination to furfurylamine takes place, followed by hydrogenation to tetrahydrofurfurylamine (THFAM) and then ring rearrangement to piperidine. DFT calculations suggest that the Ru1CoNP SSAA structure facilitates the direct ring opening of THFAM resulting in 5-amino-1-pentanol which is quickly converted to piperidine. The value of the presented catalytic strategy is highlighted by the synthesis of an actual drug, alkylated piperidines, and pyridine.

Progress and future prospects of hemostatic materials based on nanostructured clay minerals.

The occurrence of uncontrolled hemorrhage is a significant threat to human life and health. Although hemostatic materials have made remarkable advances in the biomaterials field, it remains a challenge to develop safe and effective hemostatic materials for global medical use. Natural clay minerals (CMs) have long been used as traditional inorganic hemostatic agents due to their good hemostatic capability, biocompatibility and easy availability. With the advancement of science, technology and ideology, CM-based hemostatic materials have undergone continuous innovations by integrating new inspirations with conventional concepts. This review systematically summarizes the hemostatic mechanisms of different natural CMs based on their nanostructures. Moreover, it also comprehensively reviews the latest research progress for CM-based hemostatic hybrid and nanocomposite materials, and discusses the challenges and developments in this field.

Mechanochemical preparation of low cost kaolinite-based BiVO4hybrid pigments with high near infrared reflectance.

For accelerate construction of the energy and resource-saving and environmental-friendly society, cleaner preparation of low-cost and high-performance colorful near-infrared reflective inorganic pigments with the decorative function is indispensable to reduce the hazards of urban heat island and simultaneously beautify the appearance of the buildings. Due to the non-toxicity, good chemical stability and narrow band gap, BiVO4has been becoming a promising environment-friendly yellow inorganic pigments among the conventional heavy metals-containing inorganic pigments. In this study, the low-cost and brilliant kaolinite-based BiVO4hybrid pigments were fabricated by cleaner mechanochemical method based on cheap and abundant kaolinite using crystal water of the hydrated metal salts as trace solvent, which could effectively promote the interaction of the involved components at the molecular level during grinding and then decreased the mass transfer resistance for the formation of monoclinic scheelite BiVO4in the following calcination. The obtained hybrid pigments at the optimal preparation conditions exhibited brilliant color properties (D65-10°,L*= 83.45 ± 0.08,a*= 4.17 ± 0.08,b*= 88.59 ± 0.17), high near-infrared reflectance of 86.22%, infrared solar reflectance of 88.14% and high emissivity of 0.9369 in the waveband of 8-13µm. Furthermore, the hybrid pigments could be used for coloring epoxy resin with high emissivity of 0.8782 in 8-13µm. Therefore, the brilliant and low-cost kaolinite-based bismuth yellow hybrid pigments have the enormous potential to be served as colorful functional nanofillers for cooling roofing materials.

Identification and functional characterization of REGULATORY PARTICLE NON-ATPASE 1a-like (AhRPN1a-like) in peanuts during aluminum-induced programmed cell death.

The toxicity of aluminum (Al) in acidic soil is a prevalent problem and causes reduced crop yields. In the plant response to Al toxicity, programmed cell death (PCD) appears to be one of the important mechanisms. However, the regulation of Al-induced PCD remains poorly understood. Here, we found that an uncharacterized protein REGULATORY PARTICLE NON-ATPASE 1a-like in peanut (AhRPN1a-like), located in the nucleus and cytoplasm, directly interacted with type I metacaspase in peanut (AhMC1). The overexpression of AhRPN1a-like in Arabidopsis strongly enhanced Al inhibition of root growth with a loss of root tip cell viability. Furthermore, in response to Al treatment, the VIGS knockdown line of AhRPN1a-like in peanut displayed decreased transcription of AhMC1, increased root growth, reduced Al-induced PCD and decreased 26S proteasomal activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that AhRPN1a-like interacted directly with AhMC1, and promotes the occurrence of Al-induced PCD via the 26S proteasome pathway, thereby reducing Al-resistance.