[Attitude toward sexual health education and its correlates among community-based older adults in Shanghai].

Objective: To understand the attitudes toward sexual health education and its correlates among community-based older adults in Shanghai, China. Methods: From June 2020 to December 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among community residents aged ≥50 in Shanghai through multi-stage sampling. The estimated sample size was 735. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, health characteristics, and history of sexual health education. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the correlates of attitudes toward sexual health education among community-based older adults. Results: A total of 824 participants (489 males and 335 females) with age of (65.1±8.1) years were included, whose main age distribution was 60-69 years (45.3%). The prevalence of supporting sexual health education among older adults was 49.4% (45.2% of men and 55.5% of women). Males (aOR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.44-0.83), aged 70 years and older (aOR=0.62, 95%CI: 0.40-0.94), urban residents (aOR= 2.54, 95%CI: 1.81-3.58), self-reported very good or excellent health status (aOR=1.64,95%CI: 1.04-2.58), having depressive symptoms (aOR=0.37,95%CI: 0.15-0.85), and having a history of sexual health education (aOR=8.64,95%CI: 4.62-17.70) were associated with their attitude toward sexual health education. Conclusions: The proportion of community-based older adults in Shanghai who support sexual health education was not high. Their attitudes toward sexual health education were associated with their self-reported health status, depressive symptoms, and history of sex education. Health professionals and institutions should focus on community-based older adults with key characteristics and tailor interventions to promote the willingness to receive sexual health education among older adults in China and to promote the popularity of sexual health education in this population.

[Utilization of sexual and reproductive health services and its correlates among community- based older adults in Chongqing].

Objective: To investigate the utilization of sexual health services among community-based older adults in Chongqing and explore its potential correlates. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using multistage sampling among community-based older adults aged ≥50 years was conducted in Chongqing between June 2020 and December 2022. A questionnaire including information on demographic characteristics, general health, sexual health status, and sexual health services utilization was collected. Sexual health and reproductive services utilization was defined as having ever been tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or having had a male/gynecological reproductive health examination in the past year. Logistic regression was used to examine the correlates of the utilization of sexual health services. Results: A total of 794 community-based older adults participated in the study (482 were male, and 312 were female). The mean age was (62.8±8.2) years. The proportion of HIV testing was 18.0%, and the proportion of reproductive health examination was 10.1% among community-based older adults. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age group of 60-69 years (aOR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.18-0.76), female (aOR=11.34, 95%CI: 5.71-22.52), monthly income ≥5 000 yuan (aOR=3.05, 95%CI: 1.01-9.27), being sexual activity (aOR=4.99, 95%CI: 2.23-11.15) was significantly associated with had a reproductive health examination in the past year. Conclusions: The proportion of sexual health services utilization among older adults was low. Older sexual health education should be further strengthened, the close relationship between older adults should be correctly guided and dealt with, and the sexual health services suitable for the older population should be formulated.

[Condom use and its correlates among community-based older adults in Chongqing].

Objective: To understand the current status of condom use and its correlates among community-based older adults in Chongqing, China. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on a multistage sampling method was conducted in Chongqing from June 2020 to December 2022. The estimated sample size was 735. Through face-to-face interviews, the investigators collected the sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behavior characteristics, awareness of AIDS prevention knowledge, etc. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the correlates of condom use during the last sexual behavior among the participants. Results: A total of 761 participants were included in this study, with 476 males and 285 females, whose average age was (63.8±8.2) years old, mainly in the age group of 60-69 years (44.5%). Among the participants, the rate of condom use during the last sexual behavior was 9.7%. The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that correlates of condom use during the last sexual behavior included urban household registration (aOR=2.34, 95%CI: 1.12-4.89), monthly income of 1 000-4 999 Yuan, and 5 000 Yuan and above (aOR=4.49, 95%CI: 1.31-15.41; aOR=16.33, 95%CI: 4.30-62.00), self-assessed sexual behavior risk as very risky/relatively risky (aOR=3.97, 95%CI: 1.40-11.31), awareness of AIDS prevention knowledge (aOR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.21-0.62). Conclusions: The rate of condom use among community-based older adults in Chongqing is low. Comprehensive intervention measures should be taken in combination with the characteristics and needs of community-based older adults to improve awareness of AIDS prevention knowledge and perception of AIDS risk and promote condom use among this population.

[Sexually active status and its correlates among community-based older adults in Tianjin].

Objective: To understand the sexually active status among community-based older adults aged ≥50 years in Tianjin, China, and to explore the potential correlates. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using multistage sampling among community-based older adults aged ≥50 was conducted between June 2020 and December 2022. The estimated sample size was 735. The survey collected questionnaire information through face-to-face interviews with investigators, including sociodemographic, health, and sexual lifestyle characteristics. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess correlates of sexually active status. Results: A total of 776 study participants (510 males and 266 females) were included, whose major age distribution was 50-59 years (45.9%). The overall sexual activity prevalence of the participants was 45.6%. Older age (60-69: aOR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.45-0.99; ≥70: aOR=0.12, 95%CI: 0.07-0.21), being male (aOR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.32-2.82), living in urban area (aOR=0.18, 95%CI: 0.12-0.28), living with spouse/married (aOR=2.80, 95%CI: 1.41-5.58), living alone (aOR=0.51, 95%CI: 0.27-0.96), having difficulty climbing stairs or walking (aOR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.31-0.97), having chronic diseases (one chronic disease: aOR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.36-0.85; two or more chronic diseases: aOR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.33-0.84) were associated with sexually active status among older adults. Conclusions: Many community-based older adults remained sexually active. There was an association between physical health and sexually active status among community-based older adults. Incorporating sexual health services into healthcare services for community-based older adults could be advocated, with a concurrent emphasis on enhancing the awareness and competence of providing sexual health services among community-based healthcare workers.

[Effects of free superficial peroneal artery perforator flap in repairing small and medium-sized thermal crush injury wounds in the hand].

Objective: To investigate the surgical methods and clinical effects of free superficial peroneal artery perforator flap in repairing small and medium-sized thermal crush injury wounds in the hand. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From August 2018 to December 2021, 12 patients (19 wounds) with small and medium-sized thermal crush injury in the hand who met the inclusion criteria were hospitalized in Suzhou Ruihua Orthopaedic Hospital, including 5 males and 7 females, aged from 30 to 54 years. The area of the wound was from 2.5 cm×2.0 cm to 14.0 cm×3.5 cm, and all the wounds were repaired by using free superficial peroneal artery perforator flaps from lower leg on one side (including single flap, multiple flaps, and multiple flaps with one pedicle resected from the same donor site). The area of the flap was from 3.5 cm×3.0 cm to 16.0 cm×4.0 cm. The wound in the donor site was sutured directly. The vascular crisis and survival of the flap were observed after operation. The texture, appearance, color, hyperpigmentation, sensation, and two-point discrimination of the flap repaired area were followed up, as well as the hyperplasia of scar and pain condition in the donor and recipient sites. At the last follow-up, the curative effect of flap repair was evaluated by the comprehensive evaluation scale, and the extension and flexion functions of the reserved digital joint were evaluated by the total active movement systematic evaluation method recommended by American Academy for Surgery of Hand. Results: One flap developed arterial crisis on the first day after operation but survived after timely exploration. The other 18 flaps survived successfully after operation. Follow-up of 4 to 24 months after operation showed good texture and appearance in the flap repaired area; the color of the flap repaired area was similar to that of the normal skin around the recipient site, without pigmentation; the protective sensation was restored in all cases, but there was no two-point discrimination; there was no obvious hypertrophic scarring or pain in the donor or recipient site. At the last follow-up, the curative effect of flap repair was evaluated with 3 flaps being excellent and 16 flaps being good; the extension and flexion functions of the reserved digital joint were also assessed, being excellent in 8 fingers, good in 9 fingers, and fair in 2 fingers. Conclusions: The blood supply of superficial peroneal artery perforator flap is sufficient and reliable, and multiple flaps of this type or multiple flaps with one pedicle can be resected from one donor site. The use of this flap to repair small and medium-sized thermal crush injury wounds in the hand results in minimal damage to the donor area, and good postoperative appearance and texture of the flap.

Characteristics of flight delays during solar flares.

Solar flares are one of the severest solar activities that have important effects on near-Earth space. Previous studies have shown that flight arrival delays increase as a result of solar flares, but the intrinsic mechanism behind this relationship is still unknown. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of flight departure delays during 57 solar X-ray events by using a huge amount of flight data (~ 5 × 106 records) gathered over a 5-year period. It is found that the average flight departure delay time during solar X-ray events increased by 20.68% (7.67 min) compared to quiet periods. Our analysis also revealed apparent time and latitude dependencies, with flight delays being more serious on the dayside than on the nightside and longer (shorter) delays tending to occur in lower (higher) latitude airports during solar X-ray events. Furthermore, our results suggest that the intensity of solar flares (soft X-ray flux) and the Solar Zenith Angle directly modulate flight departure delay time and delay rate. These results indicate that communication interferences caused by solar flares directly affect flight departure delays. This work expands our conventional understanding of the impacts of solar flares on human society and provides new insights for preventing or coping with flight delays.

Additional flight delays and magnetospheric-ionospheric disturbances during solar storms.

Although the sun is really far away from us, some solar activities could still influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems on Earth. Those time-varying conditions in space caused by the sun are also called solar storm or space weather. It is known that aviation activities can be affected during solar storms, but the exact effects of space weather on aviation are still unclear. Especially how the flight delays, the top topic concerned by most people, will be affected by space weather has never been thoroughly researched. By analyzing huge amount of flight data (~ 4 × 106 records), for the first time, we quantitatively investigate the flight delays during space weather events. It is found that compared to the quiet periods, the average arrival delay time and 30-min delay rate during space weather events are significantly increased by 81.34% and 21.45% respectively. The evident negative correlation between the yearly flight regularity rate and the yearly mean total sunspot number during 22 years also confirms such correlation. Further studies show that the flight delay time and delay rate will monotonically increase with the geomagnetic field fluctuations and ionospheric disturbances. These results indicate that the interferences in communication and navigation during space weather events may be the most probable reason accounting for the increased flight delays. The above analyses expand the traditional field of space weather research and could also provide us with brand new views for improving the flight delay predications.

[Expert consensus on the management of adverse events of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer].

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are anti-tumor agents for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Palbociclib, abemaciclib and dalpiciclib have been approved for the treatment of breast cancer in China. Common adverse effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors include bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal toxicities, liver dysfunction, and skin or subcutaneous tissue adverse reactions (AEs). The Breast Cancer Expert Group of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) summarized the incidence, clinical manifestations, and grading of the AEs. This expert consensus reports measures of AE management on the basis of experience of clinical practice and the latest advances worldwide, aiming to guide clinical practice by the way of managing AE and help to choose the best treatment regimen.

[Direct intraoperative two-step distraction and reduction for basilar invagination with atlantoaxial dislocation].

Objective: To assess the clinical impact of direct two-step distraction reduction (TSDR) for basilar invagination (BI) with atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD). Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent TSDR and occipitocervical fusion in West China Hospital between October 2013 and March 2021. Depending on whether the preoperative decrease was greater than 50% on preoperative hyperextension X-rays, the patients were split into two groups. The neurological function [Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score], atlantodens interval (ADI), the distance of odontoid process beyond McRae Line (ML) and Wackenheim Line (WL), cervicomedullary angle (CMA), O-C2 angle (OC2A), and complications incidence were compared between two groups preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: There were 12 men and 23 women among the 35 patients with BI and AAD, and the age ranged from 28 to 71 years, with an mean age of (52.0±13.4) years. In the preoperative reduction ≥50% group, there were 4 males and 9 females with an average age of (54.0±13.8) years; in the preoperative reduction <50% group, there were 8 males and 14 females with a mean age of (50.9±13.4) years. All the patients were followed-up for a mean time of (23.3±13.4) months. There was no significant difference in age, gender, bleeding, length of hospital stay and follow-up time between the two groups (all P>0.05). The JOA score, ADI, WL, ML and CMA of 35 patients were significantly improved when compared with those before operation (all P<0.05). The reduction degree of ADI, ML and WL was more than 80% in 31 cases (88.57%), 30 cases (85.71%) and 31 cases (88.57%), respectively. There was no significant difference in postoperative ADI, ML and WL between the two groups (all P>0.05). All patients had no incision infection, no loosening or breakage of the internal fixators. Dysphagia occurred in 3 patients, non-fusion happened in 1 patient, but no instability in X-ray of cervical dynamic position was found, no loosening or displacement occurred in internal fixators, and partial spontaneous fusion occurred between atlantoaxial lateral mass joints. Conclusions: For BI with AAD without atlantoaxial bony connection or serious atlantoaxial facet joint inclination, TSDR could obtain satisfactory reduction degree. The reduction degree on preoperative hyperextension X-ray doesn't affect the degree of intraoperative reduction.

[Clinical effects of proximal ulnar artery perforator flap combined with iliac bone graft in the reconstruction of subtotal thumb or finger defects].

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of proximal ulnar artery perforator flap combined with iliac bone graft in the reconstruction of subtotal thumb or finger defects. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From August 2016 to August 2019, 7 patients with thumb or finger defects caused by mechanical damage who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Ruihua Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, including 6 males and 1 female, aged 46 to 58 years. Their length of fingers was repaired with iliac bone, with length of 2.0 to 3.0 cm. After the bone graft, the skin defect area of the affected finger ranged from 2.8 cm×2.2 cm to 6.0 cm×3.2 cm. Then the free proximal ulnar artery perforator flap with area of 3.0 cm×2.4 cm to 6.5 cm×3.5 cm was used to cover the wounds. The wounds in donor sites of iliac crest and flap were directly sutured. The survival of flap in one week post surgery and the donor site wound healing in 2 weeks post surgery were observed, respectively. During the follow-up, the appearance and sensory function of the affected finger, bone healing, and scar hypertrophy of wound in the donor site were observed and evaluated. At the last follow-up, the functional recovery of the affected finger was evaluated with trial standard for the evaluation of functions of the upper limbs of the Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association. Results: In one week post surgery, all the flaps survived. In 2 weeks post surgery, the iliac bone and the wounds in forearm donor site healed. During the follow-up of 5 to 13 months, the flap was good in appearance, without obvious pigmentation; the sensory recovery reached level S2 in 5 patients and S0 in 2 patients; all the grafted iliac bones were bony union without obvious resorption; the wounds in donor site healed well, with only mild scar formation. At the last follow-up, the shape of the reconstructed finger was close to the healthy finger, and the functional evaluation results were excellent in 3 cases and good in 4 cases. Conclusions: The use of proximal ulnar artery perforator flap combined with iliac bone graft to reconstruct subtotal thumb or finger can partially restore part of the appearance and function, with less damage to the donor site. It is a good choice for patients who have low expectations of appearance and function for the reconstructed finger.

[Efficacy and safety of carotid endarterectomy combined with endovascular therapy in hybrid operating room for patients with segmental atherosclerotic internal carotid artery occlusion].

The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of carotid endarterectomy combined with endovascular therapy in hybrid operating room for patients with segmental atherosclerotic internal carotid artery occlusion, and share the experience of preoperative screening of patients suitable for vascular reconstruction. A total of 20 patients with internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) who were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from May 2018 to May 2020 were collected, and 15 patients met the inclusion criteria. All patients received hybrid surgery. The total success rate of recanalization was 14/15, and only 1 patient developed ICA re-occlusion at 1 year follow up.Therefore, carotid endarterectomy combined with endovascular treatment in hybrid operating room was an alternative treatment for patients with segmental atherosclerotic internal carotid artery occlusion.

[Study on DNA methylation in HEB cells exposed to PM(2.5) by application of methylation chip technology].

Objective: To screen the differential methylation sites, genes and pathways of air pollution fine particles (PM(2.5)) on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells by methylation chip and bioinformation technology, so as to provide scientific basis for further study of the toxicological mechanism of PM(2.5) on HBE cells. Methods: In August 2020, HBE cells were infected with 10 µg/ml and 50 µg/ml PM(2.5) aqueous solution for 24 h, namely PM(2.5) 10 µg/ml exposure group (low dose group) and PM(2.5) 50 µg/ml exposure group (high dose group) ; uninfected HBE cells were used as control group. The DNA fragments were hybridized with the chip, the chip scanned and read the data, analyzed the data, screened the differential methylation sites, carried out GO analysis and KEGG analysis of the differential methylation sites, and analyzed the interaction relationship of the overall differential methylation sites by functional epigenetic modules (FEMs). Results: Compared with the control group, 127 differential methylation sites were screened in the low-dose group, including 89 genes, including 55 sites with increased methylation level and 72 sites with decreased methylation level. The differential methylation sites were mainly concentrated in the Body region and UTR region. Compared with the control group, 238 differential methylation sites were screened in the high-dose group, including 168 genes, of which 127 sites had increased methylation level and 111 sites had decreased methylation level. The differential heterotopic sites were mainly concentrated in the Body region and UTR region. Through FEMs analysis, 8 genes with the most interaction were screened, of which 6 genes had significant changes in methylation level. MALT1 gene related to apoptosis was found in the heterotopic site of methylation difference in low-dose group; PIK3CA and ARID1A genes related to carcinogenesis were found in the heterotopic sites of methylation difference in high-dose group; TNF genes related to tumor inhibition were found in the results of FEMs analysis. Conclusion: After PM(2.5) exposure to HBE cells, the DNA methylation level is significantly changed, and genes related to apoptosis and carcinogenesis are screened out, suggesting that the carcinogenic mutagenic effect of PM(2.5) may be related to DNA methylation.

[A case of high-temperature steel bar penetration injury from scrotum to buttocks].

On November 17, 2013, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University admitted a 23-year-old male patient with a high-temperature steel bar penetration injury from scrotum to buttocks who was transferred from another hospital. Expanded debridement, suture, and drainage of the perineum, right thigh, and right hip were performed as soon as possible after admission. A sputum suction tube was used as the guide mark for expanded debridement during the operation to ensure the accuracy of the direction and scope of expanded debridement. The incision was treated with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) and full drainage. On the 20th day after the operation (the 25th day after admission), the unhealed wound was transplanted with split-thickness skin graft from the right thigh, and the drainage of the operation area and dressing change were strengthened. On the 53rd day after injury, the patient was discharged after complete wound healing. This case suggests that VSD after early debridement is an effective means to treat high-temperature steel bar penetration injuries.

Role of local treatment in primary breast B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a propensity score matching-based analysis from SEER database.

OBJECTIVE: Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) has been defined as disease localized to breast with or without ipsilateral axillary nodal involvement. Primary breast B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare to be diagnosed clinically. The role of surgery and radiotherapy (RT) as local treatment is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and investigate the effect of local treatment in patients with primary breast B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified patients with primary breast B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed between 1998 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce possible bias between groups. The overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: Altogether 956 patients with primary breast B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were included. Most patients were white women over the age of 60. The most common histological type was diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and most patients present with stage I disease. Furthermore, old age (>60 years), DLBCL histology and stage IIE disease were the statistically significant factors associated with worse OS and DSS. Surgery did not improve survival of patients, and surgery combined with RT did not achieve a better prognosis than RT alone. RT was associated with better survival in patients with stage IE DLBCL, but patients with stage IE MZL and FL and stage IIE primary breast B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma could not benefit from RT. CONCLUSIONS: In local treatment, surgery offered no survival benefit for patients with primary breast B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, while RT is an effective choice because it can improve both OS and DSS in the stage IE DLBCL subgroup.

[Gilbert's syndrome: hyperbilirubinemia enemy or friend].

Gilbert's syndrome is a kind of benign inherited disease of bilirubin binding disorder, mainly due to the homozygous polymorphism A(TA)7TAA in the promoter of the gene for uridine diphosphate -glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), which is a TA insertion into the promoter, designated as UGT1A1*28, with UGT activity reduction to 30% of the normal value. Therefore, circulating fat-soluble unconjugated bilirubin cannot be converted into water-soluble conjugated bilirubin, leading to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Bilirubin has a strong affinity for erythrocyte phospholipids, which interferes with membrane composition and dynamics, resulting in increased erythrocytes fragility, easy rupture, and gradual shortening of survival time. However, there are no obvious sign of hemolysis or abnormal iron metabolism, erythrocytes and bone marrow morphology. A small amount of chronic hemolysis stimulates extramedullary (normal bone marrow morphology) hematopoiesis, ensuing compensatory increase in circulating erythrocytes and hemoglobin. Hyperbilirubinemia may also weaken gastrointestinal motility, increase passive diffusion and absorption across the intestinal mucosal epithelium by 1.5 to 2 times, thereby aggravating or worsening hyperbilirubinemia mainly with unconjugated bilirubin circulation, which indicates that there is a causal relationship between the circulating bilirubin concentration and rapid erythrocytes turnover and hemolysis rate in patients with Gilbert's syndrome. Interestingly, bilirubin also has significant antioxidant and anti-mutagenic activities, and the potential health benefits of mild hyperbilirubinemia in Gilbert's syndrome include reduced prevalence of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (and related risk factors), certain cancers, and cardiovascular-related and all-cause mortality. Exogenous bilirubin and biliverdin supplements in intestinal epithelial cells can be absorbed and may increase circulating concentration of these antioxidant compounds. With this information, we hope to raise awareness of the potentially harmful and beneficial effects of benign hyperbilirubinemia, and explore and develop beneficial medical interventions.

[Clinical diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis in Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia].

Objective: To explore the current status of alcoholic hepatitis diagnosis by clinicians' in China. Methods: Clinical data of inpatients confirmed with alcohol-associated liver disease diagnosed at Tongliao Infectious Disease Hospital of Inner Mongolia from June 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The consistency of clinical diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis was judged according to the diagnostic criteria recommended by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (USA), and then the alcoholic hepatitis severity assessment model recommended by international guidelines, including Maddrey discriminant function, Model for end-stage liver disease, and Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score and ABIC scores (age, total bilirubin, international normalized ratio and creatinine) were applied to evaluate this group of cases. Results: Among 79 cases with alcohol-associated liver disease, 75 were males and 4 were females, age ranged between 27~75 (51.1±8.8) years. Alcohol consumption varied from 60 g/d to 600g/d, with an average consumption of 148.8 ± 76.6 g/d. The alcohol consumption duration ranged from 4 to 50 [average (23.9 ± 9.6)] years. According to the initial discharge diagnosis, there were 47 and 32 cases in alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic liver cirrhosis group, respectively. The mean erythrocyte volume, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin were increased in alcoholic liver cirrhosis than alcoholic hepatitis group, while albumin and total cholesterol were lowered in alcoholic liver cirrhosis than alcoholic hepatitis group, and coagulation indexes were significantly extended. Alpha-fetoprotein of both groups were in the normal range; however, it was significantly higher in the alcoholic hepatitis group than the alcoholic cirrhosis group. The 10 cases in the alcoholic cirrhosis group met the definition and diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis defined by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (USA), but there was no case in the alcoholic hepatitis group. Among the 10 diagnosed cases of alcoholic hepatitis, 5, 6, 1 and 3 cases met the diagnostic criteria of Maddrey discriminant function, Model for end-stage liver disease, Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score, and ABIC score for severe alcoholic hepatitis, respectively. The Maddrey discriminant function, ABIC score, and Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score within the Model for end-stage liver disease scores> 20 points had 5, 1, and 3 cases, respectively. Conclusion: Alcoholic hepatitis is over-diagnosed by clinicians. Alcoholic hepatitis patients have the base of liver cirrhosis who meet the diagnostic criteria of National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (USA). Patients with Model for end-stage liver disease score > 20 points have good consistency with Maddrey discriminant function score ≥ 32 points, and both can be used to evaluate the alcoholic hepatitis patient clinical severity.

Magnetic excitations in infinite-layer nickelates.

The discovery of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates brings us tantalizingly close to a material class that mirrors the cuprate superconductors. We measured the magnetic excitations in these nickelates using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the Ni L 3-edge. Undoped NdNiO2 possesses a branch of dispersive excitations with a bandwidth of approximately 200 milli-electron volts, which is reminiscent of the spin wave of strongly coupled, antiferromagnetically aligned spins on a square lattice. The substantial damping of these modes indicates the importance of coupling to rare-earth itinerant electrons. Upon doping, the spectral weight and energy decrease slightly, whereas the modes become overdamped. Our results highlight the role of Mottness in infinite-layer nickelates.

[Relationship between triglyceride-glucose index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease].

Objective: To explore the relationship between triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: 25 535 cases who participated in the health check-ups at the First Hospital of China Medical University from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected as the eligible subjects. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to analyze the relationship between TyG index and NAFLD risk and its diagnostic value for NAFLD. Results: NAFLD prevalence was gradually increased with the increase of the TyG index. After adjusting for other potential influencing factors, compared with the first quarter of TyG in patient with NAFLD, the OR (95%CI) in the second, third, and fourth quarter were 1.677 (1.495 ~ 1.881), 2.707 (2.397 ~ 3.057) and 4.049 (3.482 ~ 4.710), respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the best cut-off value of TyG index for the diagnosis of NAFLD was 6.9, and the area under the curve was 0.816. The sensitivity and specificity were 77.66% and 70.51%, respectively. The combined application of TyG and ALT levels had higher diagnostic value. Conclusion: TyG, as a simple and convenient biosynthetic index, is closely related to the NAFLD. In addition, when the TyG index is ≥6.9, it has a high diagnostic value for NAFLD.