High-order rogue wave and mixed interaction patterns for the three-component Gross-Pitaevskii equations in F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates.

Under investigation are the three-component Gross-Pitaevskii equations in F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates. Various localized waves' generation mechanisms have been derived from plane wave solutions using modulation instability. The perturbed continuous waves produce a large number of rogue wave structures through the split-step Fourier numerical method. Based on the known Lax pair, we construct the generalized iterative (n,N-n)-fold Darboux transformation to generate various high-order solutions, including the bright-dark-bright structure of rogue waves, periodic waves, and their mixed interaction structures. Numerical simulations show that rogue waves with a two-peaked structure have robust noise resistance and stable dynamical behavior. The asymptotic states of high-order rogue waves as the parameter approaches infinity are also predicted using the large parameter asymptotic technique. In addition, the position of these localized wave patterns can be controlled by some special parameters. These results may help us understand the dynamic behavior of spinor condensates for the mean-field approximation.

Naoxueshu Oral Liquid Accelerates Post-Craniotomy Hematoma Absorption in Patients: An Open-Label, Multicenter, and Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Naoxueshu Oral Liquid (NXS) could promote hematoma absorption in post-craniotomy hematoma (PCH) patients. METHODS: This is an open-label, multicenter, and randomized controlled trial conducted at 9 hospitals in China. Patients aged 18-80 years with post-craniotomy supratentorial hematoma volume ranging from 10 to 30 mL or post-craniotomy infratentorial hematoma volume less than 10 mL, or intraventricular hemorrhage following cranial surgery were enrolled. They were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to the NXS (10 mL thrice daily for 15 days) or control groups using a randomization code table. Standard medical care was administered in both groups. The primary outcome was the percentage reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 15. The secondary outcomes included the percentage reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 7, the absolute reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 7 and 15, and the change in neurological function from day 1 to day 7 and 15. The safety was closely monitored throughout the study. Moreover, subgroup analysis was performed based on age, gender, history of diabetes, and etiology of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). RESULTS: A total of 120 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned between March 30, 2018 and April 15, 2020. One patient was lost to follow-up in the control group. Finally, there were 119 patients (60 in the NXS group and 59 in the control group) included in the analysis. In the full analysis set (FAS) analysis, the NXS group had a greater percentage reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 15 than the control group [median (Q1, Q3): 85% (71%, 97%) vs. 76% (53%, 93%), P<0.05]. The secondary outcomes showed no statistical significance between two groups, either in FAS or per-protocol set (P>0.05). Furthermore, no adverse events were reported during the study. In the FAS analysis, the NXS group exhibited a higher percentage reduction in hematoma volume on day 15 in the following subgroups: male patients, patients younger than 65 years, patients without diabetes, or those with initial cranial surgery due to ICH (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of NXS demonstrated the potential to promote the percentage reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 15. This intervention was found to be safe and feasible. The response to NXS may be influenced by patient characteristics. (Registration No. ChiCTR1800017981).

Zeb1-controlled metabolic plasticity enables remodeling of chromatin accessibility in the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

Cell plasticity has been found to play a critical role in tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, our understanding of the characteristics and markers of plastic cellular states during cancer cell lineage transition remains limited. In this study, multi-omics analyses show that prostate cancer cells undergo an intermediate state marked by Zeb1 expression with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness, and neuroendocrine features during the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Organoid-formation assays and in vivo lineage tracing experiments demonstrate that Zeb1+ epithelioid cells are putative cells of origin for NEPC. Mechanistically, Zeb1 transcriptionally regulates the expression of several key glycolytic enzymes, thereby predisposing tumor cells to utilize glycolysis for energy metabolism. During this process, lactate accumulation-mediated histone lactylation enhances chromatin accessibility and cellular plasticity including induction of neuro-gene expression, which promotes NEPC development. Collectively, Zeb1-driven metabolic rewiring enables the epigenetic reprogramming of prostate cancer cells to license the adeno-to-neuroendocrine lineage transition.

[Xixin Decoction regulates Th17/Treg balance and transcription factor expression in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone].

This study aims to investigate the effect of Xixin Decoction on the T helper 17 cell(Th17)/regulatory T cell(Treg) ba-lance of intestinal mucosa and the expression of related transcription factors in the senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8(SAMP8) model. Fifty 14-week male mice of SAMP8 were randomized by the random number table method into model group, probiotics group, and high-, medium-, and low-dose Xixin Decoction groups, with 10 mice in each group. Ten 14-week male mice of senescence-acce-lerated mouse-resistant 1(SAMR1) served as control group. After 10 weeks of feeding, the mice were administrated with correspon-ding drugs for 10 weeks. Morris water maze test was carried out to examine the learning and memory abilities of mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to determine the content of secretory immunoglobulin A(SIgA) in the intestinal mucosa, and flow cytometry to detect the percentage content of Th17 and Treg in the intestinal mucosa. Western blot was performed to determine the protein levels of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t(RORγt) and forkhead box p3(Foxp3) in the mouse colon tissue. Compared with control group, the escape latency of mice in model group was significantly prolonged(P<0.01), and the number of times of crossing the platform and the residence time in the target quadrant were significantly reduced within 60 s(P<0.01), intestinal mucosal SIgA content was significantly decreased(P<0.01), Th17 content was increased(P<0.05), Treg content was decreased(P<0.01), the expression of RORγt protein was increased and Foxp3 protein was decreased in colon(P<0.01). Compared with the model group, high-dose Xixin Decoction group improved the learning and memory ability(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Probiotics group and high-and medium-dose Xixin Decoction group increased the content of SIgA in intestinal mucosa(P<0.05 or P<0.01), decreased percentage content of Th17 and increased the percentage content of Treg in intestinal mucosa(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, they down-regulated the protein level of RORγt and up-regulated the protein level of Foxp3 in the intestinal mucosa(P<0.01). In conclusion, Xixin Decoction may act on intestinal mucosal immune barrier, affect gut-brain information exchange, and improve the learning and memory ability of SAMP8 by promoting SIgA secretion and regulating the Th17/Treg balance and the expression of RORγt and Foxp3.

Aqueous synthesis of perovskite precursors for highly efficient perovskite solar cells.

High-purity precursor materials are vital for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to reduce defect density caused by impurities in perovskite. In this study, we present aqueous synthesized perovskite microcrystals as precursor materials for PSCs. Our approach enables kilogram-scale mass production and synthesizes formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) microcrystals with up to 99.996% purity, with an average value of 99.994 ± 0.0015%, from inexpensive, low-purity raw materials. The reduction in calcium ions, which made up the largest impurity in the aqueous solution, led to the greatest reduction in carrier trap states, and its deliberate introduction was shown to decrease device performance. With these purified precursors, we achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.6% (25.3% certified) in inverted PSCs and retained 94% of the initial PCE after 1000 hours of continuous simulated solar illumination at 50°C.

Meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair for inguinal hernia.

BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernia is a common global disease. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness and safety of robot-assisted transabdominal preperitoneal repair (RTAPP) and laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair (LTAPP) for inguinal hernia. METHODS: We conducted a thorough search in Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed for relevant clinical studies. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the quality of selected studies was assessed using the Jadad scale for randomized controlled studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of ten studies were included, comprising two randomized controlled studies and eight non-randomized controlled studies. Meta-analysis results revealed no statistically significant differences between the RTAPP group and the LTAPP group regarding hospital stay [MD = 0.21 days, 95% CI (-0.09, 0.51), P = 0.17], incidence of seroma [OR = 0.85, 95% CI(0.45, 1.59), P = 0.61], overall complication rate [OR = 1.22, 95% CI(0.68, 2.18), P = 0.51], readmission rate [OR = 1.31, 95% CI(0.23, 7.47), P = 0.76], and recurrence rate [OR = 0.82, 95% CI(0.22, 3.07), P = 0.77]. However, the RTAPP group had longer operation time compared to the LTAPP group [MD = 14.02 minutes, 95% CI (6.65, 21.39), P = 0.0002], and the cost of the RTAPP procedure was higher than that of the LTAPP procedure [MD = $4.17 thousand, 95% CI (2.59, 5.76), P<0.00001]. CONCLUSION: RTAPP for inguinal hernia is a safe and feasible approach, however, it is associated with increased operation time and treatment costs.

Student Loss: Towards the Probability Assumption in Inaccurate Supervision.

Noisy labels are often encountered in datasets, but learning with them is challenging. Although natural discrepancies between clean and mislabeled samples in a noisy category exist, most techniques in this field still gather them indiscriminately, which leads to their performances being partially robust. In this paper, we reveal both empirically and theoretically that the learning robustness can be improved by assuming deep features with the same labels follow a student distribution, resulting in a more intuitive method called student loss. By embedding the student distribution and exploiting the sharpness of its curve, our method is naturally data-selective and can offer extra strength to resist mislabeled samples. This ability makes clean samples aggregate tightly in the center, while mislabeled samples scatter, even if they share the same label. Additionally, we employ the metric learning strategy and develop a large-margin student (LT) loss for better capability. It should be noted that our approach is the first work that adopts the prior probability assumption in feature representation to decrease the contributions of mislabeled samples. This strategy can enhance various losses to join the student loss family, even if they have been robust losses. Experiments demonstrate that our approach is more effective in inaccurate supervision. Enhanced LT losses significantly outperform various state-of-the-art methods in most cases. Even huge improvements of over 50% can be obtained under some conditions.

Quenching Detrimental Reactions and Boosting Hole Extraction via Multifunctional NiOx /Perovskite Interface Passivation for Efficient and Stable Inverted Solar Cells.

Nickel oxide (NiOx ) is one of the most promising hole transport materials for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, its application is severely restrained due to unfavorable interfacial reactions and insufficient charge carrier extraction. Herein, a multifunctional modification at the NiOx /perovskite interface is developed via introducing fluorinated ammonium salt ligand to synthetically solve the obstacles. Specifically, the interface modification can chemically convert detrimental Ni≥3+ to lower oxidation state, resulting in the elimination of interfacial redox reactions. Meanwhile, interfacial dipole is incorporated simultaneously to tune the work function of NiOx and optimize energy level alignment, which effectively promotes the charge carrier extraction. Therefore, the modified NiOx -based inverted PSCs achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.93%. Moreover, the unencapsulated devices obtain a significantly enhanced long-term stability, maintaining over 85% and 80% of the initial PCEs after storage in ambient air with a high relative humidity of 50-60% for 1000 h and continuous operation at maximum power point under one-sun illumination for 700 h, respectively.

Tungsten Nitride (W5N6): An Ultraresilient 2D Semimetal.

Two-dimensional transition metal nitrides offer intriguing possibilities for achieving novel electronic and mechanical functionality owing to their distinctive and tunable bonding characteristics compared to other 2D materials. We demonstrate here the enabling effects of strong bonding on the morphology and functionality of 2D tungsten nitrides. The employed bottom-up synthesis experienced a unique substrate stabilization effect beyond van-der-Waals epitaxy that favored W5N6 over lower metal nitrides. Comprehensive structural and electronic characterization reveals that monolayer W5N6 can be synthesized at large scale and shows semimetallic behavior with an intriguing indirect band structure. Moreover, the material exhibits exceptional resilience against mechanical damage and chemical reactions. Leveraging these electronic properties and robustness, we demonstrate the application of W5N6 as atomic-scale dry etch stops that allow the integration of high-performance 2D materials contacts. These findings highlight the potential of 2D transition metal nitrides for realizing advanced electronic devices and functional interfaces.

Confined VLS Growth of Single-Layer 2D Tungsten Nitrides.

Two-dimensional (2D) metal nitrides have garnered significant interest due to their potential applications in future electronics and quantum systems. However, the synthesis of such materials with sufficient uniformity and at relevant scales remains an unaddressed challenge. This study demonstrates the potential of confined growth to control and enhance the morphology of 2D metal nitrides. By restricting the reaction volume of vapor-liquid-solid reactions, an enhanced precursor concentration was achieved that reduces the nucleation density, resulting in larger grain sizes and suppression of multilayer growth. Detailed characterization reveals the importance of balancing the energetic and kinetic aspects of tungsten nitride formation toward this ability. The introduction of a promoter enabled the realization of large-scale, single-layer tungsten nitride with a uniform and high interfacial quality. Finally, our advance in morphology control was applied to the production of edge-enriched 2D tungsten nitrides with significantly enhanced hydrogen evolution ability, as indicated by an unprecedented Tafel slope of 55 mV/dec.

Effectiveness and safety of different doses of febuxostat compared with allopurinol in the treatment of hyperuricemia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hyperuricemia has increased steadily with the continuous improvement of living standards. Some studies have reported the clinical effectiveness and safety of different doses of febuxostat in comparison with allopurinol in hyperuricemia treatment, but the sample sizes of the studies have been small, and the results have been inconsistent. We designed this meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different doses of febuxostat compared with allopurinol in the treatment of hyperuricemia. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the use of febuxostat and allopurinol for the treatment of hyperuricemia. The effectiveness and safety of different doses of febuxostat and allopurinol in treating hyperuricemia were assessed using meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the percentage of patients achieving serum uric acid levels of 6.0 mg/dL or less was higher among patients taking febuxostat (80 mg/d) than among patients taking allopurinol (200-300 mg/d) [RR = 1.79, 95% CI (1.55, 2.08), P < 0.00001]. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of patients achieving serum uric acid levels of 6.0 mg/dL or less between febuxostat (40 mg/d) and allopurinol (200-300 mg/d) [RR = 1.10, 95% CI (0.93, 1.31), P = 0.25]. There was also no statistically significant difference in the incidence of gout between the febuxostat (40 mg/d) and allopurinol (200-300 mg/d) [RR = 0.97, 95% CI (0.64, 1.49), P = 0.91] or between the febuxostat (80 mg/d) and allopurinol (200-300 mg/d) [RR = 1.13, 95% CI (0.81, 1.58), P = 0.48].No significant difference in the incidence of major adverse reactions as observed between the febuxostat (40 mg/d) and allopurinol (200-300 mg/d) [RR = 1.16; 95% CI (0.43, 3.16), P = 0.77] or between the febuxostat (80 mg/d) and allopurinol (200-300 mg/d) [RR = 1.06; 95% CI (0.79, 1.42), P = 0.70]. The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between the febuxostat (40 mg/d) and allopurinol (200-300 mg/d) [RR = 1.30; 95% CI (0.57, 2.95), P = 0.53] or between the febuxostat (80 mg/d) and allopurinol (200-300 mg/d) [RR = 1.79; 95% CI (0.74, 4.32), P = 0.20]. CONCLUSIONS: Febuxostat (80 mg/d) was associated with a higher percentage of patients achieving serum uric acid levels of 6.0 mg/dL or less than allopurinol (200-300 mg/d), however, febuxostat (80 mg/d) did not exhibit better efficacy in reducing the incidence of gout. More attention should be devoted to the adverse reactions caused by an increase in febuxostat doses.

ADORA2A-driven proline synthesis triggers epigenetic reprogramming in neuroendocrine prostate and lung cancers.

Cell lineage plasticity is one of the major causes for the failure of targeted therapies in various cancers. However, the driver and actionable drug targets in promoting cancer cell lineage plasticity are scarcely identified. Here, we found that a G protein-coupled receptor, ADORA2A, is specifically upregulated during neuroendocrine differentiation, a common form of lineage plasticity in prostate cancer and lung cancer following targeted therapies. Activation of the ADORA2A signaling rewires the proline metabolism via an ERK/MYC/PYCR cascade. Increased proline synthesis promotes deacetylases SIRT6/7-mediated deacetylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27), and thereby biases a global transcriptional output toward a neuroendocrine lineage profile. Ablation of Adora2a in genetically engineered mouse models inhibits the development and progression of neuroendocrine prostate and lung cancers, and, intriguingly, prevents the adenocarcinoma-to-neuroendocrine phenotypic transition. Importantly, pharmacological blockade of ADORA2A profoundly represses neuroendocrine prostate and lung cancer growth in vivo. Therefore, we believe that ADORA2A can be used as a promising therapeutic target to govern the epigenetic reprogramming in neuroendocrine malignancies.

Safety of unfixed mesh in laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Whether the effect of the unfixed mesh during laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair can lead to hernia recurrence remains controversial. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched to retrieve clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing nonfixation of mesh and fixation of mesh in TEP inguinal hernia repair, and we performed a metaanalysis with RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Fifteen RCTs were included in the metaanalysis, which showed that the operation time (P = 0.001) of the unfixed mesh group was shorter than that of the fixed mesh group; additionally, the postoperative 24-h pain score (P = 0.04) and incidence of urinary retention (P = 0.001) were lower in the unfixed mesh group. There was no significant difference between the unfixed mesh group and the fixed mesh group in terms of hospital stay (P = 0.47), time to resume normal activities (P = 0.51), incidence of haematoma (P = 0.96), incidence of chronic pain (P = 0.20), and recurrence rate (P = 0.09). Conclusion: Unfixed mesh in TEP inguinal hernia repair shows no elevated recurrence rates compared to fixed mesh and is clinically safe.

Treatment with a flow diverter-assisted coil embolization for ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms of the internal carotid artery: a technical note and analysis of single-center experience with pooled data.

Treatment of blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) with flow diverters (FDs) has become widespread in recent years. However, ruptured blood blister-like aneurysm (BBA) of ICA treatment with flow diverter-assisted coil embolization (FDAC) remains controversial. Moreover, limited direct comparative studies have been conducted between the two treatment modalities, FDs and FDAC, for BBAs. The purpose of this study was to document our experience and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of FDAC. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical and radiological information from ten patients who experienced ruptured BBAs of the supraclinoid ICA at our center from January 2021 to February 2023. The technical details of FDAC for ruptured BBAs were described, and the technical steps were named "pipeline embolization device (PED)-Individualized shaping(microcatheter)-Semi deploying-Rivet(coils)-Massage(microwire)" as the PEISSERM technique. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), whereas radiological results were determined through angiography. A pooled analysis was implemented, incorporating data from literature sources that reported perioperative and long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of ruptured BBAs treated with FD and FDAC strategies, along with our data. Data in our analysis pool were categorized into FD and FDAC strategy groups to explore the preferred treatment modalities for BBAs. The PEISSERM technique was utilized to treat ten patients, seven males, and three females, with an average age of 41.7 years. A single PED was deployed in conjunction with coils in all ten patients. All PEDs were documented to have good wall apposition. The immediate postoperative angiograms demonstrated Raymond grade I in ten aneurysms. Angiographic follow-up of nine patients at 4-25 months showed total occlusion of the aneurysms. At the most recent follow-up, the mRS scores of nine patients hinted at a good prognosis. Pooled analysis of 233 ICA-BBA cases of FD revealed a technical success rate of 91% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.88 to 0.95], a rate of complete occlusion of 79% (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.84), a recurrence rate of 2% (95% CI, 0.00 to 0.04), a rebleed rate of 2% (95% CI, 0.00 to 0.04), and the perioperative stroke rate was 8% (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.11). The perioperative mortality was 4% (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07). The long-term good clinical outcome rate was 85% (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.90). The mortality rate was 6% (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.09). Results from the subgroup analysis illustrated that the FDAC strategy for BBAs had a significantly higher immediate postoperative complete occlusion rate (P < 0.001), total occlusion rate (P = 0.016), and a good outcome rate (P = 0.041) compared with the FD strategy. The FDAC strategy can yield a higher rate of good outcomes than the FD strategy. The PEISSERM technique employed by the FDAC is a reliable and effective treatment approach as it can minimize the hemodynamic burden of BBA's fragile dome, thereby achieving an excellent occlusion rate. The PEISSERM technique in the FDAC strategy contributes to understanding the BBA's treatment and offers a potentially optimal treatment for BBA.

High Plasma Fibrinogen Level Elevates the Risk of Cardiac Complications Following Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac complications are related to poor prognosis after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study aims to predict the cardiac complications arising from small intracranial hematoma at ultraearly stage. METHODS: The data of this work were derived from the Risk Stratification and Minimally Invasive Surgery in Acute ICH Patients study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03862729). This work included patients with ICH but without brain herniation, as confirmed by a brain computed tomography scan within 48 hours of symptom onset. Every Patient's information recorded at the emergent department, including clinical, laboratory, electrocardiogram, and medical records, was derived from the electronic data capture. Cardiac complications were defined as the occurrence of myocardial damage, arrhythmias, and ischemic electrocardiogram changes during hospitalization. Variables associated with cardiac complications were filtrated by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Independent risk factors were used to form the early predictive model. The restricted cubic splines were employed to investigate the nonlinear associations in a more sophisticated and scholarly manner. RESULTS: A total of 587 ICH patients were enrolled in this work, including 72 patients who suffered from cardiac complications after ICH. Out of the 78 variables, 24 were found to be statistically significant in the univariate logistic regression analysis. These significant variables were then subjected to multivariate logistic regression analysis and utilized for constructing risk models. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed high plasma fibrinogen (FIB) level [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) 1.327, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.037-1.697; P = 0. 024)] and older age (OR per SD 1.777, 95% CI 1.344-2.349; P ＜0.001) were associated with a higher incidence of cardiac complications after ICH. High admission pulse rate (OR 0.620, 95% CI 0.451-0.853; P = 0. 003) was considered a protective factor for cardiac complications after ICH. In the restricted cubic spline regression model, FIB and cardiac complications following ICH were positively correlated and almost linearly (P for nonlinearity = 0.073). The reference point for FIB in predicting cardiac complications after ICH was 2.64 g/L. CONCLUSIONS: Emergent factors, including plasma FIB level, age, and pulse rate, might be independently associated with cardiac complications after ICH, which warrants attention in the context of treatment.

Influence of Volatile Organic Compound Adsorption on the Characteristics of Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Rules for Gas-Sensing Measurements.

Owing to the advantages of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) in the versatility of organic synthesis, multiparameter measurement, and signal amplification, sensors based on OFETs have received increasing attention for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, false device operation and gas-sensing measurements often occur to vitiate the advantages of OFETs and even output error gas-sensing signals. In this work, by experimentally and theoretically studying the effects of VOC adsorption on the operational characteristics of the OFET, the proper operations of OFETs in gas-sensing measurements were clarified. The multiparameter measurements of OFETs showed that the source-drain current was the optimized parameter for achieving high responsivity, and other OFET parameters could be used for fingerprint analysis. By operating OFETs in the near-threshold region, the amplification effect was switched to enhance the responsivity by orders of magnitude to VOCs, while in the overthreshold region, the OFETs had a low signal-to-noise ratio. Besides, a counteraction effect and an uncertainty effect were discovered, leading to error gas-sensing signals. A theoretical study was carried out to reveal the dependency of the gas-sensing properties of OFETs on VOC adsorption. A series of rules were proposed for guiding the measurements of OFET sensors by taking full advantage of transistors in gas-sensing applications.

A New Chengjiang Worm Sheds Light on the Radiation and Disparity in Early Priapulida.

The vast majority of early Paleozoic ecdysozoan worms are often resolved as stem-group Priapulida based on resemblances with the rare modern representatives of the group, such as the structure of the introvert and the number and distribution of scalids (a spiny cuticular outgrowth) and pharyngeal teeth. In Priapulida, both scalids and teeth create symmetry patterns, and three major diagnostic features are generally used to define the group: 25 longitudinal rows of scalids (five-fold symmetry), 8 scalids around the first introvert circle and the pentagonal arrangement of pharyngeal teeth. Here we describe Ercaivermis sparios gen. et sp. nov., a new priapulid from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, characterized by an annulated trunk lacking a sclerotized ornament, four pairs of anal hooks and 16 longitudinal rows of scalids along its introvert and eight scalids around each introvert circle, giving the animal an unusual octoradial symmetry. Cladistic analyses resolve Ercaivermis as a stem-group priapulid. Ercaivermis also suggests that several biradial symmetry patterns (e.g., pentagonal, octagonal) expressed in the cuticular ornament, may have co-existed among early Cambrian priapulids and that the pentaradial mode may have become rapidly dominant during the course of evolution, possibly via the standardization of patterning, i.e., the natural selection of one symmetry type over others.

Optical undular bores in Riemann problem of photon fluid with quintic nonlinearity.

This work develops the Whitham theory to study the Riemann problem of the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation that describes the photon fluid with quintic nonlinearity. The one-phase periodic solution of the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation and the corresponding Whitham equation are derived by the finite gap integration method. Subsequently, the main basic wave structures arising from the discontinuous initial-value conditions are found by distinguishing the distributions of the Riemann invariants. Some exotic optical undular bores are observed by classifying the solutions of the Riemann problem of the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation. It is observed that the analytical results from Whitham theory are in excellent agreement with the numerical solutions.

Effect of physical activity on attention in school-age children with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Attention problems are one of the core symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Previous studies have shown that physical activity intervention has a positive impact on executive function in children and adolescents with ADHD, but there is limited research on attention problems in school-aged children with ADHD. There are still uncertainties about the appropriate physical activity interventions to improve attention problems in this population. This study conducted a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to physical activity intervention for attention problems in school-aged children with ADHD, providing a certain reference for precise intervention in attention problems for this population. Methods: We systematically searched the following databases up to October 2022: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, to identify RCTs that investigated the effects of physical activity interventions on children with ADHD. Two investigators independently conducted literature screening, extraction, and quality assessment. We performed a meta-analysis using Stata 15.1. Results: In total, we included 10 studies in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that physical activity intervention had a moderate effect in improving attention problems in school-aged children with ADHD (SMD = -0.48, 95% CI: 0.85, -0.07, p < 0.05). Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed that the effect of physical activity intervention was moderated by intervention type, frequency, and period, rather than the physical activity environment or single intervention time. Conclusion: Our study suggests that cognitively engaging exercise is more effective in improving attention problems in school-aged children with ADHD. Specifically, when cognitive-engaging exercise is used as the type of physical activity and the intervention frequency is less than 3 times per week, with an intervention period of less than weeks, it is most beneficial for improving attention problems in school-aged children with ADHD. However, we should also consider individual differences in children with respect to their ADHD symptoms and accurately evaluate each child's specific symptoms before intervention. Systematic Review Registration: identifier (CRD42022363255).