A Bivalent Aptamer-Based DNA Agonist for EGFR Signaling Effectively Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis In Vivo.

While epidermal growth factor (EGF) shows promise in addressing the clinical manifestations of intestinal ulcerative diseases by activating the EGF receptor (EGFR)-mediated cell signaling, its clinical application is hampered by poor protein hydrolytic stability, low thermostability, and difficulty in modification. The development of a novel EGFR agonist for ulcerative colitis remains an urgent need, necessitating innovative solutions to overcome the limitations of current therapies via recombinant EGF protein. Herein, we introduce a novel DNA agonist for EGFR, Dimer-YL, which employs a bivalent aptamer to induce stable receptor dimerization, thereby activating the EGFR signaling and related cell behaviors. Dimer-YL has been demonstrated to recapitulate the EGF-promoted cellular behaviors, including proliferation and migration, as well as repair the damage of intercellular tight junctions. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate the potent therapeutic function of Dimer-YL in alleviating DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in vivo. Together, the present work has revealed Dimer-YL as an innovative DNA molecule for effective EGFR activation, offering promise for the development of EGFR-agonistic agents for therapeutic purposes.

Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of pectin fractions extracted from lemon (Citrus Eureka) peels.

Pectin, a natural polysaccharide, holds versatile applications in food and pharmaceuticals. However, there is a need for further exploration into extracting novel functional fractions and characterizing them thoroughly. In this study, a sequential extraction approach was used to obtain three distinct lemon pectin (LP) fractions from lemon peels (Citrus Eureka): LP extracted with sodium acetate (LP-SA), LP extracted with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (LP-EDTA), and LP extracted with sodium carbonate and sodium borohydride (LP-SS). Comprehensive analysis revealed low methyl-esterification in all fractions. LP-SA and LP-SS displayed characteristics of rhamnogalacturonan-I type pectin, while LP-EDTA mainly consisted of homogalacturonan pectin. Notably, LP-SA formed self-aggregated particles with rough surfaces, LP-EDTA showed interlocking linear structures with smooth planes, and LP-SS exhibited branch chain structures with smooth surfaces. Bioactivity analysis indicated that LP-SA had significant apparent viscosity and ABTS radical scavenging activity, while both LP-EDTA and LP-SS showed excellent thermal stability according to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, LP-SS exhibited remarkable gel-forming ability and significant hydroxyl free radicals scavenging activity. In conclusion, this study presents a novel method for extracting various lemon pectin fractions with unique structural and bioactive properties, contributing insights for advanced applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors.

DNA-functionalized artificial mechanoreceptor for de novo force-responsive signaling.

Synthetic signaling receptors enable programmable cellular responses coupling with customized inputs. However, engineering a designer force-sensing receptor to rewire mechanotransduction remains largely unexplored. Herein, we introduce nongenetically engineered artificial mechanoreceptors (AMRs) capable of reprogramming non-mechanoresponsive receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to sense user-defined force cues, enabling de novo-designed mechanotransduction. AMR is a modular DNA-protein chimera comprising a mechanosensing-and-transmitting DNA nanodevice grafted on natural RTKs via aptameric anchors. AMR senses intercellular tensile force via an allosteric DNA mechano-switch with tunable piconewton-sensitive force tolerance, actuating a force-triggered dynamic DNA assembly to manipulate RTK dimerization and activate intracellular signaling. By swapping the force-reception ligands, we demonstrate the AMR-mediated activation of c-Met, a representative RTK, in response to the cellular tensile forces mediated by cell-adhesion proteins (integrin, E-cadherin) or membrane protein endocytosis (CI-M6PR). Moreover, AMR also allows the reprogramming of FGFR1, another RTK, to customize mechanobiological function, for example, adhesion-mediated neural stem cell maintenance.

Development of synthetic modulator enabling long-term propagation and neurogenesis of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells.

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are essential for in vitro drug screening and cell-based therapies for brain-related disorders, necessitating well-defined and reproducible culture systems. Current strategies employing protein growth factors pose challenges in terms of both reproducibility and cost. In this study, we developed a novel DNA-based modulator to regulate FGFR signaling in NPCs, thereby facilitating the long-term maintenance of stemness and promoting neurogenesis. This DNA-based FGFR-agonist effectively stimulated FGFR1 phosphorylation and activated the downstream ERK signaling pathway in human embryonic stem cell (HESC)-derived NPCs. We replaced the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the culture medium with our DNA-based FGFR-agonist to artificially modulate FGFR signaling in NPCs. Utilizing a combination of cell experiments and bioinformatics analyses, we showed that our FGFR-agonist could enhance NPC proliferation, direct migration, and promote neurosphere formation, thus mimicking the functions of bFGF. Notably, transcriptomic analysis indicated that the FGFR-agonist could specifically influence the transcriptional program associated with stemness while maintaining the neuronal differentiation program, closely resembling the effects of bFGF. Furthermore, our culture conditions allowed for the successful propagation of NPCs through over 50 passages while retaining their ability to efficiently differentiate into neurons. Collectively, our approach offers a highly effective method for expanding NPCs, thereby providing new avenues for disease-in-dish research and drug screening aimed at combating neural degeneration.

An Extracellular miRNA-Responsive Artificial Receptor via Dynamic DNA Nano-assembly for Biomarker-Driven Therapy.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various diseases. However, there is currently a lack of molecular strategies that can effectively use disease-associated extracellular miRNAs as input signals to drive therapeutic functions. Herein, we present a modular and programmable miRNA-responsive chimeric DNA receptor (miRNA-CDR) capable of biomarker-driven therapy. By grafting a miRNA-responsive DNA nanodevice on a natural membrane receptor via aptamer anchoring, miRNA-CDR can sense extracellular miRNA levels and autonomously induce dimerization-mediated receptor activation via the complementary-mediated strand displacement reaction-induced dynamic DNA assembly. The sequence programmability of miRNA-CDR allows it to sense and respond to a user-defined miRNA with tunable sensitivity. Moreover, the miRNA-CDR is versatile and customizable to reprogram desirable signaling output via adapting a designated receptor, such as MET and FGFR1. Using a mouse model of drug-induced acute liver injury (DILI), we demonstrate the functionality of a designer miRNA-CDR in rewiring the recognition of the DILI-elevated miR-122 to promote MET signaling of hepatocytes for biomarker-driven in situ repair and liver function restoration. Our synthetic miRNA-CDR platform provides a novel molecular device enabling biomarker-driven therapeutic cellular response, potentially paving the way for improving the precision of cell therapy in regenerative medicine.

Logic Nanodevice-Mediated Receptor Assembly for Nongenetic Regulation of Cell Behavior in Tumor-like Microenvironment.

The reprogramming of cell signaling and behavior through the artificial control of cell surface receptor oligomerization shows great promise in biomedical research and cell-based therapy. However, it remains challenging to achieve combinatorial recognition in a complicated environment and logical regulation of receptors for desirable cellular behavior. Herein, we develop a logic-gated DNA nanodevice with responsiveness to multiple environmental inputs for logically controlled assembly of heterogeneous receptors to modulate signaling. The "AND" gate nanodevice uses an i-motif and an ATP-binding aptamer as environmental cue-responsive units, which can successfully implement a logic operation to manipulate receptors on the cell surface. In the presence of both protons and ATP, the DNA nanodevice is activated to selectively assemble MET and CD71, which modulate the HGF/MET signaling, resulting in cytoskeletal reorganization to inhibit cancer cell motility in a tumor-like microenvironment. Our strategy would be highly promising for precision therapeutics, including controlled drug release and cancer treatment.

The signaling protein GIV/Girdin mediates the Nephrin-dependent insulin secretion of pancreatic islet ß cells in response to high glucose.

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of pancreatic ß cells is essential in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that the Nephrin-mediated intercellular junction between ß cells is implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion. However, the underlying mechanisms are only partially characterized. Herein we report that GIV is a signaling mediator coordinating glucose-stimulated Nephrin phosphorylation and endocytosis with insulin secretion. We demonstrate that GIV is expressed in mouse islets and cultured ß cells. The loss of function study suggests that GIV is essential for the second phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Next, we demonstrate that GIV mediates the high glucose-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of GIV and Nephrin by recruiting Src kinase, which leads to the endocytosis of Nephrin. Subsequently, the glucose-induced GIV/Nephrin/Src signaling events trigger downstream Akt phosphorylation, which activates Rac1-mediated cytoskeleton reorganization, allowing insulin secretory granules to access the plasma membrane for the second-phase secretion. Finally, we found that GIV is downregulated in the islets isolated from diabetic mice, and rescue of GIV ameliorates the ß-cell dysfunction to restore the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We conclude that the GIV/Nephrin/Akt signaling axis is vital to regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This mechanism might be further targeted for therapeutic intervention of diabetic mellitus.

[Mechanism and Environmental Effect on Nitrogen Addition to Microbial Process of Arsenic Immobilization in Flooding Paddy Soils].

China is one of the largest rice producers in the world, and rice production plays an important role in food security. Currently, arsenic pollution in paddy soils is one of most serious soil pollutions in China. Since paddy soils are maintained in a flooding anoxic condition for long periods, the rate and extent of arsenic transformation processes governed by microbial activities are stronger than that of chemical processes. Thus, understanding the key processes and relating mechanisms of microbial arsenic fixation in paddy soils will provide a theoretical basis for controlling arsenic pollution in paddy soils. In this study, based on a comprehensive analysis of arsenic migration in paddy soils and relating influencing factors, two important pathways relating to As(Ⅲ) fixation through microbial activities were illustrated:microbial CFe(Ⅱ) oxidation coupled with As(Ⅲ) fixation (indirect process) and direct fixation through microbial As(Ⅲ) oxidation (direct process). Additionally, the influences of speciation and the distribution of nitrogen in paddy soils to the processes of microbial arsenic fixations were discussed and by extension, the expressions of key genes and metabolic mechanisms relating to microbial arsenic fixation and nitrogen transformation. Finally, the recent advances in microbial remediation used to control arsenic pollution in paddy soils were summarized, and relating future perspectives targeting microbial remediation were proposed.

Spatially Reprogramed Receptor Organization to Switch Cell Behavior Using a DNA Origami-Templated Aptamer Nanoarray.

Receptor oligomerization is a highly complex molecular process that modulates divergent cell signaling. However, there is a lack of molecular tools for systematically interrogating how receptor oligomerization governs the signaling response. Here, we developed a DNA origami-templated aptamer nanoarray (DOTA) that enables precise programming of the oligomerization of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) with defined valency, distribution, and stoichiometry at the ligand-receptor interface. The DOTA allows for advanced receptor manipulations by arraying either monomeric aptamer ligands (mALs) that oligamerize receptor monomers to elicit artificial signaling or dimeric aptamer ligands (dALs) that preorganize the receptor dimer to recapitulate natural activation. We demonstrated that the multivalency and nanoscale spacing of receptor oligomerization coordinately influence the activation level of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Furthermore, we illustrated that DOTA-modulated receptor oligomerization could function as a signaling switch to promote the transition from epithelia to mesenchymal-like cells, demonstrating robust control over cellular behaviors. Together, we present a versatile all-in-one DNA nanoplatform for the systematical investigation and regulation of receptor-mediated cellular response.

A Chimeric Conjugate of Antibody and Programmable DNA Nanoassembly Smartly Activates T Cells for Precise Cancer Cell Targeting.

Synthetically directing T-cells against tumors emerges as a promising strategy in immunotherapy, while it remains challenging to smartly engage T cells with tunable immune response. Herein, we report an intelligent molecular platform to engineer T-cell recognition for selective activation to potently kill cancer cells. To this end, we fabricated a hybrid conjugate that uses a click-type DNA-protein conjugation to equip the T cell-engaging antibody with two distinct programmable DNA nanoassemblies. By integrating multiple aptameric antigen-recognitions within a dynamic DNA circuit, we achieved combinatorial recognition of triple-antigens on cancer cells for selective T-cell activation after high-order logic operation. Moreover, by coupling a DNA nanostructure, we precisely defined the valence of the antigen-binding aptamers to tune avidity, realizing effective tumor elimination in vitro and in vivo. Together, we present a versatile and programmable strategy for synthetic immunotherapy.

Advances in Designer DNA Nanorobots Enabling Programmable Functions.

The advent of DNA nanotechnology has paved the way for the development of nanoscale robotics capable of executing smart and sophisticated tasks in a programmed and automatic manner. The programmability and customizable functionality of designer DNA nanorobots interfacing with biology would offer great potential for basic and applied research in the interdisciplinary fields of chemistry, biology, and medicine. This review aims to summarize the latest progress in designer DNA nanorobotics enabling programmable functions. We first describe the state-of-art engineering principles and the functional modules used in the rational design of a dynamic DNA nanorobot. Subsequently, we summarize the distinct types of DNA nanorobots performing sensing tasks, sensing-and-actuation, or continuous actuation, highlighting the versatility of designer DNA nanorobots in accurate biosensing, targeted drug delivery, and autonomous molecular operations to promote desired cellular behavior. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the development of functional DNA nanorobotics for biomedical applications. We envision that significant progress in DNA-enabled nanorobotics with programmable functions will improve precision medicine in the future.

A DNA Molecular Robot that Autonomously Walks on the Cell Membrane to Drive Cell Motility.

Synthetic molecular robots can execute sophisticated molecular tasks at nanometer resolution. However, a molecular robot capable of controlling cellular behavior remains unexplored. Herein, we report a self-propelled DNA robot operating on the cell membrane to control the migration of a cell. Driven by DNAzyme catalytic activity, the DNA robot could autonomously and stepwise move on the membrane-floating cell-surface receptors in a stochastic manner and simultaneously trigger the receptor-dimerization to activate downstream signaling for cell motility. The cell membrane-associated continuous motion and operation of a DNA robot allowed for the ultrasensitive regulation of MET/AKT signaling and cytoskeleton remodeling to enhance cell migration. Finally, we designed distinct conditional DNA robots to orthogonally manipulate the cell migration in a coculture of mixed cell populations. We have developed a novel strategy to engineer a cell-driving molecular robot, representing a promising avenue for precise cell manipulation with nanoscale resolution.

RAB14 GTPase is essential for actin-based asymmetric division during mouse oocyte maturation.

OBJECTIVES: RAB14 is a member of small GTPase RAB family which localizes at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus and endosomal compartments. RAB14 acts as molecular switches that shift between a GDP-bound inactive state and a GTP-bound active state and regulates circulation of vesicles between the Golgi and endosomal compartments. In present study, we investigated the roles of RAB14 during oocyte meiotic maturation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Microinjection with siRNA and exogenous mRNA for knock down and rescue, and immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and real-time RT-PCR were utilized for the study. RESULTS: Our results showed that RAB14 localized in the cytoplasm and accumulated at the cortex during mouse oocyte maturation, and it was also enriched at the spindle periphery. Depletion of RAB14 did not affect polar body extrusion but caused large polar bodies, indicating the failure of asymmetric division. We found that absence of RAB14 did not affect spindle organization but caused the spindle migration defects, and this might be due to the regulation on cytoplasmic actin assembly via the ROCK-cofilin signalling pathway. We also found that RAB14 depletion led to aberrant Golgi apparatus distribution. Exogenous Myc-Rab14 mRNA supplement could significantly rescue these defects caused by Rab14 siRNA injection. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results suggest that RAB14 affects ROCK-cofilin pathway for actin-based spindle migration and Golgi apparatus distribution during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation.

Near-infrared light-controllable MXene hydrogel for tunable on-demand release of therapeutic proteins.

Precise delivery of therapeutic protein drugs that specifically modulate desired cellular responses is critical in clinical practice. However, the spatiotemporal regulation of protein drugs release to manipulate the target cell population in vivo remains a huge challenge. Herein, we have rationally developed an injectable and Near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive MXene-hydrogel composed of Ti3C2, agarose, and protein that enables flexibly and precisely control the release profile of protein drugs to modulate cellular behaviors with high spatiotemporal precision remotely. As a proof-of-concept study, we preloaded hepatic growth factor (HGF) into the MXene@hydrogel (MXene@agarose/HGF) to activate the c-Met-mediated signaling by NIR light. We demonstrated NIR light-instructed cell diffusion, migration, and proliferation at the user-defined localization, further promoting angiogenesis and wound healing in vivo. Our approach's versatility was validated by preloading tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) into the composite hydrogel (MXene@agarose/TNF-α) to promote the pro-apoptotic signaling pathway, achieving the NIR light-induced programmed cell deaths (PCD) of tumor spheroids. Taking advantage of the deep-tissue penetrative NIR light, we could eradicate the deep-seated tumors in a xenograft model exogenously. Therefore, the proposed MXene-hydrogel provides the impetus for developing therapeutic synthetic materials for light-controlled drug release under thick tissue, which will find promising applications in regenerative medicine and tumor therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Current stimuli-responsive hydrogels for therapeutic proteins delivery mainly depend on self-degradation, passive diffusion, or the responsiveness to cues relevant to diseases. However, it remains challenging to spatiotemporally deliver protein-based drugs to manipulate the target cell population in vivo in an "on-demand" manner. Therefore, we have rationally constructed an injectable and Near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive composite hydrogel by embedding Ti3C2 MXene and protein drugs within an agarose hydrogel to enable the remote control of protein drugs delivery with high spatiotemporal precision. The NIR light-controlled release of the growth factor or cytokine has been carried out to regulate receptor-mediated cellular behaviors under deep tissue for skin wound healing or cancer therapy. This system will provide the potential for precision medicine through the development of intelligent drug delivery systems.

An Aptamer-Based Antagonist against the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products (RAGE) Blocks Development of Colorectal Cancer.

Tumor angiogenesis plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer development. Dysregulation of the receptor for the advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) transmembrane signaling mediates inflammation, resulting in various cancers. However, the mechanism of the RAGE signaling pathway in modulating development of colorectal cancer has not been explored. In this study, an aptamer-based RAGE antagonist (Apt-RAGE) was used to inhibit interaction between RAGE and S100B, thus blocking downstream NFκB-mediated signal transduction. In vitro results showed that Apt-RAGE effectively inhibited S100B-dependent and S100B-independent RAGE/NFκB activation in colorectal HCT116 cancer cells, thus decreasing proliferation and migration of cells. Notably, expression and secretion of VEGF-A were inhibited, implying that Apt-RAGE can be used as an antiangiogenesis agent in tumor therapy. Moreover, Apt-RAGE inhibited tumor growth and microvasculature formation in colorectal tumor-bearing mice. Inhibition of angiogenesis by Apt-RAGE was positively correlated with suppression of the RAGE/NFκB/VEGF-A signaling. The findings of this study show that Apt-RAGE antagonist is a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of colorectal cancer.

Scan and Unlock: A Programmable DNA Molecular Automaton for Cell-Selective Activation of Ligand-Based Signaling.

Selective modulation of ligand-receptor interaction is essential in targeted therapy. In this study, we design an intelligent "scan and unlock" DNA automaton (SUDA) system to equip a native protein-ligand with cell-identity recognition and receptor-mediated signaling in a cell-type-specific manner. Using embedded DNA-based chemical reaction networks (CRNs) on the cell surface, SUDA scans and evaluates molecular profiles of cell-surface proteins via Boolean logic circuits. Therefore, it achieves cell-specific signal modulation by quickly unlocking the protein-ligand in proximity to the target cell-surface to activate its cognate receptor. As a proof of concept, we non-genetically engineered hepatic growth factor (HGF) with distinct logic SUDAs to elicit target cell-specific HGF signaling and wound healing behaviors in multiple heterogeneous cell types. Furthermore, the versatility of the SUDA strategy was shown by engineering tumor necrotic factor-α (TNFα) to induce programmed cell death of target cell subpopulations through cell-specific modulation of TNFR1 signaling.

PRC1 is a critical regulator for anaphase spindle midzone assembly and cytokinesis in mouse oocyte meiosis.

Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) is a microtubule bundling protein that is involved in the regulation of the central spindle bundle and spindle orientation during mitosis. However, the functions of PRC1 during meiosis have rarely been studied. In this study, we explored the roles of PRC1 during meiosis using an oocyte model. Our results found that PRC1 was expressed at all stages of mouse oocyte meiosis, and PRC1 accumulated in the midzone/midbody during anaphase/telophase I. Moreover, depleting PRC1 caused defects in polar body extrusion during mouse oocyte maturation. Further analysis found that PRC1 knockdown did not affect meiotic spindle formation or chromosome segregation; however, deleting PRC1 prevented formation of the midzone and midbody at the anaphase/telophase stage of meiosis I, which caused cytokinesis defects and further induced the formation of two spindles in the oocytes. PRC1 knockdown increased the level of tubulin acetylation, indicating that microtubule stability was affected. Furthermore, KIF4A and PRC1 showed similar localization in the midzone/midbody of oocytes at anaphase/telophase I, while the depletion of KIF4A affected the expression and localization of PRC1. The PRC1 mRNA injection rescued the defects caused by PRC1 knockdown in oocytes. In summary, our results suggest that PRC1 is critical for midzone/midbody formation and cytokinesis under regulation of KIF4A in mouse oocytes.

Live-Cell Imaging of Neurotransmitter Release with a Cell-Surface-Anchored DNA-Nanoprism Fluorescent Sensor.

Neurotransmitters are essential chemical mediators for neuronal communication in variable neuromodulations. However, the progress of neuroscience is hampered by the shortage of suitable sensors to track neurotransmitters with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we introduce a self-assembled DNA-nanoprism fluorescent probe capable of nongenetically engineering the cell surface for ultrasensitive imaging of the neurotransmitter release at a single live-cell level. The DNA-nanoprism structure conjugated with three cholesterol tails enables the probe to rapidly and stably anchor on the cell surface within 10 min. The in situ detection of neurotransmitters is achieved by equipping the DNA-nanoprism with an aptamer-based "turn-on" fluorescent sensory module for the transmitter of interest. In a proof-of-concept study, we directly visualized the transient dopamine (DA) release on the cell surface with selective responsivity and high spatiotemporal precision and further explored the dynamic correlation between DA release and calcium influx triggered by high K+. This study provides a robust and sensitive tool for cell-surface-targeted imaging of neuromodulations, which might open up a new avenue to improve the understanding of neurochemistry and advance neuroscience research.

Dual-Product Synergistically Enhanced Colorimetric Assay for Sensitive Detection of Lipid Transferase Activity.

Lipid transferase-catalyzed protein lipidation plays critical roles in many physiological processes and it has been an increasingly attractive therapeutic target from cancer to neurodegeneration, while sensitive detection of lipid transferase activity in biological samples remains challenging. Here, we presented an AuNP-based colorimetric method with dual-product synergistically enhanced sensitivity for convenient detection of lipid transferase activity. Homo sapiens N-myristoyltransferase 1 (HsNMT1), a key lipid transferase, was selected as the model. Accordingly, positively charged substrate peptides (Pep) of HsNMT1 can induce the aggregation of AuNPs through disrupting their electrostatic repulsion, while the HsNMT1-catalyzed lipid modification generates aggregated lipidated peptides (C14-Pep) and negatively charged HS-CoA, which will eliminate the disruption and stabilize the AuNPs by the formation of Au-S bonds, respectively. Consequently, charge reversal of the biomolecules and the formation of Au-S bonds synergistically contribute to the stability of AuNPs in the presence of HsNMT1. Therefore, the HsNMT1 activity can be visually detected by the naked eye through the color change of the AuNPs originated from the change in their distance-dependent surface plasmon resonance absorptions. Here, the A520/A610 ratio can sensitively reflect the activity of HsNMT1 in the linear range of 2-75 nM with a low detection limit of 0.56 nM. Moreover, the method was successfully applied for probing the HsNMT1 activities in different cell lysates and inhibitor screening. Furthermore, given the replaceability of the substrate peptide, the proposed assay is promising for universal application to other lipid transferases and exhibits great potential in lipid transferase-targeted drug development.

Correction: Electrochemically shape-controlled synthesis of great stellated dodecahedral Au nanocrystals with high-index facets for nitrogen reduction to ammonia.

Correction for 'Electrochemically shape-controlled synthesis of great stellated dodecahedral Au nanocrystals with high-index facets for nitrogen reduction to ammonia' by Yu-Chen Jiang et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04326e.