miR-455-3p regulates lymphangiogenesis in silicosis by regulating VEGF-C/VEGFR3.

Silicosis is a disease characterized by lung inflammation and fibrosis caused by long-term inhalation of free silicon dioxide (SiO2). Recent studies have found that a large number of lymphatic hyperplasia occurs during the occurrence and development of silicosis. miRNAs play an important role in lymphangiogenesis. However, the regulation and mechanism of miRNAs on lymphangiogenesis in silicosis remain unclear. In this study, lymphangiogenesis was observed in silicosis rats, and VEGF-C-targeted miRNAs were screened, and the effect of miRNAs on the formation of human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs) tubular structure was investigated in vitro. The results showed that SiO2 promoted the expressions of Collagen Ι and α-SMA, TNF-α, IL-6 and VEGF-C increased first and then decreased, and promoted the formation of lymphatic vessels. Bioinformatics methods screened miR-455-3p for targeted binding to VEGF-C, and dual luciferase reporter genes confirmed VEGF-C as the target gene of miR-455-3p, and miR-455-3p was down-regulated in the lung tissue of silicosis rats. Transfection of miR-455-3p Inhibitors down-regulated the expression level of miR-455-3p and up-regulated the expression levels of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in HLECs, enhanced migration ability and increased tube formation. Transfection of miR-455-3p Mimics showed an opposite trend. These results suggest that miR-455-3p further regulates the tubular structure formation of HLECs by regulating VEGF-C/VEGFR3. Therefore, targeting miR-455-3p may provide a new therapeutic strategy for SiO2-induced silicosis injury.

The Association of Micro-RNA 21 and Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis.

Hypertension is a multifactorial, complex disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Studies have found that micro-RNA 21 (miR-21) levels are significantly increased in patients with hypertension. However, other studies have reported opposite results. Therefore, the relationship between miR-21 expression and hypertension remains controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to statistically evaluate the miR-21 levels of patients with hypertension. A literature research was conducted using Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and CNKI. To search for titles or abstracts, 'hypertension' in combination with the terms 'miR-21,' 'microRNA-21,' or 'miRNA-21' were used as keywords. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined from the results of the meta-analysis. In total, 12 articles were included in this meta-analysis, involving 546 cases and 436 controls. The results of the meta-analysis showed that miR-21 levels in patients with hypertension were significantly higher than those in the controls (SMD: 1.22; 95% CI [0.35, 2.09]). This meta-analysis is the first to evaluate miR-21 in patients with hypertension. MiR-21 may be a new target for the prediction and treatment of hypertension. Further high-quality studies are needed to better support the association between miR-21 and hypertension.

Specific convulsions and brain damage in children hospitalized for Omicron BA.5 infection: an observational study using two cohorts.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate over time, and reports on children infected with Omicron BA.5 are limited. We aimed to analyze the specific symptoms of Omicron-infected children and to improve patient care. METHODS: We selected 315 consecutively hospitalized children with Omicron BA.5 and 16,744 non-Omicron-infected febrile children visiting the fever clinic at our hospital between December 8 and 30, 2022. Specific convulsions and body temperatures were compared between the two cohorts. We analyzed potential associations between convulsions and vaccination, and additionally evaluated the brain damage among severe Omicron-infected children. RESULTS: Convulsion rates (97.5% vs. 4.3%, P < 0.001) and frequencies (median: 2.0 vs. 1.6, P < 0.001) significantly differed between Omicron-infected and non-Omicron-infected febrile children. The body temperatures of Omicron-infected children were significantly higher during convulsions than when they were not convulsing and those of non-Omicron-infected febrile children during convulsions (median: 39.5 vs. 38.2 and 38.6 °C, both P < 0.001). In the three Omicron-subgroups, the temperature during convulsions was proportional to the percentage of patients and significantly differed ( P < 0.001), while not in the three non-Omicron-subgroups ( P = 0.244). The convulsion frequency was lower in the 55 vaccinated children compared to the 260 non-vaccinated children (average: 1.8 vs. 2.1, P < 0.001). The vaccination dose and convulsion frequency in Omicron-infected children were significantly correlated ( P < 0.001). Fifteen of the 112 severe Omicron cases had brain damage. CONCLUSIONS: Omicron-infected children experience higher body temperatures and frequencies during convulsions than those of non-Omicron-infected febrile children. We additionally found evidence of brain damage caused by infection with omicron BA.5. Vaccination and prompt fever reduction may relieve symptoms.

A real-world pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system events for polatuzumab vedotin.

BACKGROUND: Polatuzumab vedotin is the first antibody-drug conjugate approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This study evaluated adverse events (AEs) associated with polatuzumab vedotin by data mining of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS: This study included AEs registered in FAERS between 2019 Q2 and 2023 Q2. Four algorithms were used to quantify the signals of polatuzumab vedotin-associated AEs, including reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker. RESULTS: A total of 7,609,450 reports were collected from the FAERS database, and 1,388 reports of polatuzumab vedotin were identified as primary suspected AEs. Polatuzumab vedotin-associated AEs involved 26 organ systems. According to the four algorithms, 108 significant disproportionality AEs were retained simultaneously. Unexpected significant AEs included gastrointestinal hemorrhage, ileus, gastrointestinal perforation, cholecystitis, hypogammaglobulinemia, hepatitis B reactivation, hypercalcemia, hydronephrosis, cystitis hemorrhagic, interstitial lung disease, and thrombophlebitis. The median time to onset of polatuzumab vedotin-associated AEs was 20 (interquartile range 4-56) days. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified significant new AE signals for polatuzumab vedotin through real-world disproportionality analysis data and may provide additional evidence for risk identification of polatuzumab vedotin.

Mathematical modeling of viral infection and the immune response controlled by the circadian clock.

Time of day affects how well the immune system responds to viral or bacterial infections. While it is well known that the immune system is regulated by the circadian clock, the dynamic origin of time-of-day-dependent immunity remains unclear. In this paper, we studied the circadian control of immune response upon infection of influenza A virus through mathematical modeling. Dynamic simulation analyses revealed that the time-of-day-dependent immunity was rooted in the relative phase between the circadian clock and the pulse of viral infection. The relative phase, which depends on the time the infection occurs, plays a crucial role in the immune response. It can drive the immune system to one of two distinct bistable states, a high inflammatory state with a higher mortality rate or a safe state characterized by low inflammation. The mechanism we found here also explained why the same species infected by different viruses has different time-of-day-dependent immunities. Further, the time-of-day-dependent immunity was found to be abolished when the immune system was regulated by an impaired circadian clock with decreased oscillation amplitude or without oscillations.

CCT6A regulates cervical cancer cell glycolysis and proliferation under hypoxic conditions via the TCAB1/TERT.

OBJECTIVES: Cervical cancer is one of the most common female malignancies worldwide, a hypoxic microenvironment usually causes enhanced viability and glycolytic capacity of cervical cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide 1 subunit 6A (CCT6A) and cell proliferation as well as hypoxic glycolysis. DESIGN: Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the association between cervical cancer and its partner protein under hypoxic conditions, namely CCT6A. Subsequently, the expression of CCT6A was silenced, and the effects of CCT6A silencing on cervical cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle, glycolysis-related proteins, and telomerase activity were examined. MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate the expression of CCT6A in cervical cancer under hypoxic conditions. The expression of CCT6A was silenced in cervical cancer cells, Hela and Siha, to study its effects on cell proliferation and hypoxic glycolysis. The localization of telomerase activity-related proteins, TCAB1 and TERT, was detected using immunofluorescence, and their interaction was assessed using immunoprecipitation. A cellular hypoxia model was established, and the products of the glycolysis reaction were detected. A nude mouse tumor model was constructed, and the changes in glycolysis-related proteins in tumor tissues were examined using western blot, while Ki67 expression in tumor tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Telomerase activity was found to be enhanced in CCT6A-silenced cervical cancer cells, along with an increase in telomerase cajal body protein 1 (TCAB1) and telomerase reverse tranase (TERT) protein binding associated with telomerase activity. Additionally, the proportion of cells in the Gap 2/mitosis (G2/M) stage and the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) positivity rate were decreased in CCT6A-silenced cells, indicating a reduction in cell proliferation. The expression of cell cycle-related proteins, including Cyclin E, CCNA2 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), was suppressed. Furthermore, under a hypoxic environment, silencing CCT6A led to a significant reduction in cell viability and downregulation of glycolysis-related proteins, such as lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and hexokinase 2 (HK2). Mechanistically, silencing CCT6A may reduce telomerase activity by inhibiting the TCAB1/TERT interaction. Additionally, TERT was found to activate the promoter region of the HK2 gene, and inhibition of TERT activity reduced the transcriptional level of HK2. LIMITATIONS: The study primarily explored the involvement of CCT6A in cervical cancer, yet it did not account for the myriad of other elements potentially influencing cell proliferation and glycolysis. It's essential to recognize that cervical cancer's etiology is multifaceted, shaped by an array of genetic variations, environmental influences, and protein interactions. CONCLUSIONS: Silencing CCT6A could effectively attenuate the upregulation of cell proliferation and glycolytic function mediated by TCAB1/TERT in cervical cancer cells.

A Study on Interobserver and Intraobserver Reliability of the Huashan Radiologic Classification System for Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Without Fracture and Dislocation.

STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproducibility and reliability of the system. BACKGROUND: The Huashan radiologic classification system for cervical spinal cord injury without fracture and dislocation (CSCIWFD) was recently proposed and found useful for clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with CSCIWFD between 2015 and 2021 were recruited. Six spine surgeons from different institutions, three experienced and other inexperienced respectively, were trained as observers of the system, and these surgeons classified the recruited patients using the system. Then, 8 weeks later, they repeated the classification on the same patients in a different order. The interobserver and intraobserver agreement between the results was analyzed using percentage agreement, weighted kappa, and Cohen kappa (κ) statistics. RESULTS: A total of 60 patients were included in the analysis. Type I was the most frequent type (29 cases, 48.3%), followed by type II (13 cases, 21.7%), type III (12 cases, 20%), and type IV (6 cases, 10%). For all the observers, experienced observers, and inexperienced observers, the overall agreement percentages were 77.6% (κ = 0.78), 84.4% (κ = 0.84), and 72.8% (κ = 0.74), respectively, indicating substantial to nearly perfect interobserver reproducibility. A higher level of agreement was found for differentiating type I from other types, with the percentage agreement ranging from 87.8% to 94.4% (κ= 0.74-0.88). For distinguishing compression on the spinal cord (types I and II vs types III and IV) among the different groups of observers, the percentage agreement was 97.8% (κ = 0.94), indicating nearly perfect reproducibility. As for intraobserver agreement, the percentage agreement ranged from 86.7% to 96.7% (κ = 0.78-0.95), indicating at least substantial reliability. CONCLUSIONS: The Huashan radiologic classification system for CSCIWFD was easy to learn and apply in a clinical environment, showing excellent reproducibility and reliability. Therefore, it would be promising to apply and promote this system for the precise evaluation and personalized treatment strategy.

A Novel Cervical Sagittal Classification for Asymptomatic Population Based on Cluster Analysis.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: To propose a novel cervical sagittal classification for asymptomatic people so as to deepen the understanding of cervical sagittal alignment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Cervical spine sagittal morphology varies in people. There is a lack of widely-accepted cervical sagittal classification method. METHODS: In all, 183 asymptomatic subjects were included. A series of global and segmental cervical sagittal parameters were measured. Subjects with cervical lordosis (CL)<0 degrees were incorporated directly into the kyphosis (K) group. For subjects with CL ≥0 degrees, a two-step cluster analysis was used to arrive at the optimal number of clusters. The results of the expressions for the subtypes were derived by graphing. The 60 randomly selected lateral cervical spine films were evaluated by 4 spine surgeons at 4-week intervals using our classification method, the Toyama classification method and the Donk classification method. The 3 classification methods' reliability was expressed by the intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC), and convenience was expressed by the measuring time. Finally, the distribution of 4 subtypes was depicted, and sagittal parameters were compared among subtypes. RESULTS: Four subtypes of the cervical spine were suggested: Large lordosis (LL): CL≥-1.5×T1 slope (TS)+70°; Small lordosis (SL): -1.5×TS+50°≤CL<-1.5×TS+70°; Straight (S): 0°≤CL<-1.5×TS+50°; and K: CL<0°. The measuring time for our classification method was significantly less than the Toyama classification method (P<0.001). Our classification method showed high inter-observer reliability (ICC=0.856) and high to excellent intra-observer reliability (ICC between 0.851 and 0.913). SL was the most common type (37.7%). Men had more LL type and women had more S type and K type. The proportion of S and K increased with age. Cervical sagittal parameters were significantly different among the subtypes except for C4 vertebral body (VB) angle (P=0.546), C2-C7 SVA (P=0.628) and NT (P=0.816). CONCLUSIONS: We proposed a novel cervical sagittal classification for an asymptomatic population, which proved to be simple to implement with satisfactory reliability.

Evaluation of the modified MRI vertebral bone quality score for bone quality in lumbar degenerative disorders.

OBJECTIVE: The traditional VBQ scoring method may lead to overestimation due to the concentration of intravertebral fat and vascular structures in the posterior half of vertebral bodies, potentially resulting in false-positive outcomes. This study aims to modify the measurement method of VBQ score (Modified-VBQ) and evaluate its effectiveness in evaluating bone quality of lumbar degenerative diseases. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from patients undergoing lumbar surgery for degenerative diseases between September 2022 and September 2023. Preoperative lumbar t1-weighted Magnetic resonance imaging was used for both modified and traditional VBQ scoring. Computed tomography (CT) images and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) data were collected through the picture archiving and communication system. The effectiveness of the modified VBQ score was evaluated, considering P < 0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS: The study included 212 patients, revealing a significant difference between the modified VBQ and VBQ scores (P < 0.0001). Notably, patients with a history of hyperlipidemia exhibited a significant difference between the two scores (P = 0.0037). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the modified VBQ was 0.86, surpassing the VBQ score (AUC = 0.74). Linear regression analysis demonstrated a moderate to strong correlation between the modified VBQ and DEXA T-score (r = - 0.49, P < 0.0001) and a high correlation with CT Hounsfield units (HU) values (r = - 0.60, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The modified VBQ score provides a simple, effective, and relatively accurate means of assessing bone quality in lumbar degenerative diseases. Preoperative implementation of the modified VBQ score facilitates rapid screening for patients with abnormal bone quality.

Changes in water-soluble taste compounds of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets subjected to different thawing methods during long-term frozen storage.

BACKGROUND: The taste of fish is highly dependent on the composition of free amino acids (FAAs) and nucleotides. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term frozen storage periods (-18 °C, up to 6 months) and thawing methods [water thawing (WT, 25 °C), air thawing (AT, 25 °C), and chilled air thawing (CAT, 4 °C)] on the taste quality of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets. RESULTS: The results showed that increase in bitter FAAs of CAT samples was 150.57% at 6 months of storage, which was lower than that of AT and WT. Glycine was the most abundant FAA and CAT maintained the highest sweet FAAs (249.90 mg/100 g). Additionally, the inosine monophosphate (IMP) of CAT samples were 1.18 and 1.09 times higher than that of WT and AT, respectively, at a frozen period of 6 months. In particular, the increase in equivalent umami concentration (EUC) values ranged from 24.25% to 103.16% in the three groups during the first 2 months. Data from principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) indicated that the taste quality was highly correlated with high levels of FAAs, hypoxanthine inosine (HxR) and hypoxanthine (Hx) as the storage time progressed. CONCLUSION: In general, CAT is beneficial in maintaining the taste quality of tilapia fillets during frozen storage, and frozen durations for 2 months enhances the umami flavor. This study provides useful information for the preservation of frozen aquatic products during the storage and thawing, and enrich the theoretical knowledge of the flavor chemistry of fish products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Exonuclease-iii -propelled DNAzyme cascade for sensitive and reliable cervical cancer related miRNA analysis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as biomarkers for early-diagnosis, therapy, and postoperative care of cervical cancer. Sensitive and reliable quantification of miRNA remains a huge challenge due to its low expressing levels and background interference. Herein, we propose a novel exonuclease-III (Exo-III)-propelled DNAzyme cascade for sensitive and high-efficient miRNA analysis. This method involves the engineering of compact DNAzyme hairpin probes, including the H1 probe and H2 probe. The H1 probe is designed with exposed analyte recognition subunits that can specifically recognize target miRNA. This recognition triggers two processes: Exo-iii-assisted target regeneration and successive substrate cleavage catalyzed by DNAzyme. The unique character of Exo-III that catalyzes removal of mononucleotides from the blunt or recessed 3'-OH termini of dsDNA confers the approach with a minimal background signal. The multiple signal cycles provided an abundant signal amplification and consequently, the method exhibited a low limit of detection of 3.12 fM, and a better specificity over several homologous miRNAs. In summary, this powerful Exo-III driven DNAzyme cascaded system offers broader and more adaptable methods for comprehending the activities of miRNA in various biological occurrences.

Association of glucose-lowering drug target and risk of gastrointestinal cancer: a mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Glucose-lowering drug is associated with various cancers, but the causality with gastrointestinal cancer risk is rarely reported. We aimed to explore the causality between them in this Mendelian randomization (MR) study. METHODS: Two-sample MR, summary-data-based (SMR), mediation MR, and colocalization analyses was employed. Ten glucose-lowering drug targets (PPARG, DPP4, GLP1R, INSR, SLC5A2, ABCC8, KCNJ11, ETFDH, GPD2, PRKAB1) and seven types of gastrointestinal cancer (anal carcinoma, cardia cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), pancreatic cancer, rectum cancer) were included. Patients with gastrointestinal cancers from six different large GWAS databases, including the UK Biobank and Finnish cohorts were incorporated, for discovery and external validation. Meta-analysis was employed to integrate the results from both discovery and validation cohorts, thereby ensuring the reliability of findings. RESULTS: ABCC8/KCNJ11 were associated with pancreatic cancer risk in both two-sample MR (odds ratio (OR): 15.058, per standard deviation unit (SD) change of glucose-lowering durg target perturbation equivalent to 1 SD unit of HbA1c lowering; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 3.824-59.295; P-value = 0.0001) and SMR (OR: 1.142; 95% CI: 1.013-1.287; P-value = 0.030) analyses. The mediation effect of body mass index (OR: 0.938; 95% CI: 0.884-0.995; proportion of mediation effect: 3.001%; P-value = 0.033) on ABCC8/KCNJ11 and pancreatic cancer was uncovered. Strong connections of DPP4 with anal carcinoma (OR: 0.123; 95% CI: 0.020-0.745; P-value = 0.023) and ICC (OR: 7.733; 95% CI: 1.743-34.310; P-value = 0.007) were detected. PPARG was associated with anal carcinoma (OR: 12.909; 95% CI: 3.217-51.795; P-value = 0.0003), HCC (OR: 36.507; 95% CI: 8.929-149.259; P-value < 0.0001), and pancreatic cancer (OR: 0.110; 95% CI: 0.071-0.172; P-value < 0.0001). SLC5A2 was connected with pancreatic cancer (OR: 8.096; 95% CI: 3.476-18.857; P-value < 0.0001). Weak evidence indicated the connections of GLP1R, GPD2, and PRKAB1 with anal carcinoma, cardia cancer, ICC, and rectum cancer. In addition, the corresponding results were consistently validated in both the validation cohorts and the integrated outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Some glucose-lowering drugs were associated with gastrointestinal cancer risk, which might provide new ideas for gastrointestinal cancer treatment.

Identification of a potent palladium-aryldiphosphine catalytic system for high-performance carbonylation of alkenes.

The development of stable and efficient ligands is of vital significance to enhance the catalytic performance of carbonylation reactions of alkenes. Herein, an aryldiphosphine ligand (L11) bearing the [Ph2P(ortho-C6H4)]2CH2 skeleton is reported for palladium-catalyzed regioselective carbonylation of alkenes. Compared with the industrially successful Pd/1,2-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)benzene catalyst, catalytic efficiency catalyzed by Pd/L11 on methoxycarbonylation of ethylene is obtained, exhibiting better catalytic performance (TON: >2,390,000; TOF: 100,000 h-1; selectivity: >99%) and stronger oxygen-resistance stability. Moreover, a substrate compatibility (122 examples) including chiral and bioactive alkenes or alcohols is achieved with up to 99% yield and 99% regioselectivity. Experimental and computational investigations show that the appropriate bite angle of aryldiphosphine ligand and the favorable interaction of 1,4-dioxane with Pd/L11 synergistically contribute to high activity and selectivity while the electron deficient phosphines originated from electron delocalization endow L11 with excellent oxygen-resistance stability.

Age Is a Risk Factor for Gastroscopy-Assisted Capsule Endoscopy in Children.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for the incidence of gastroscopy-assisted capsule endoscopy and the small bowel transit time in pediatric patients who underwent capsule endoscopy examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed to analyze the clinical data collected from pediatric patients who underwent capsule endoscopy examination. RESULTS: A total of 239 pediatric patients were enrolled in this study. About 196 (82.0%) patients completed the entire small bowel capsule endoscopy examination, while 3 (1.3%) patients were subjected to capsule retention. Only age, not gender, height, body weight, body mass index, chief complaint, and intestinal preparation medications, has been identified as a risk factor for the incidence of gastroscopy-assisted capsule endoscopy (P < .05) by multivariate logistic regression. Further analysis showed that the small bowel transit time in the self-swallowed group was shorter than that in the gastroscopy-assisted group, while no significant difference was obtained in other factors, including intestinal preparation medications, metoclopramide, and lesions in the small intestine, which did not significantly affect small bowel transit time compared with the corresponding control group (P > .05). CONCLUSION: A comprehensive assessment is required before performing capsule endoscopy, because age has been identified as a critical risk factor for the incidence of gastroscopy-assisted capsule endoscopy in pediatric patients.

Dorsal CA3 overactivation mediates witnessing stress-induced recognition memory deficits in adolescent male mice.

Witnessing violent or traumatic events is common during childhood and adolescence and could cause detrimental effects such as increased risks of psychiatric disorders. This stressor could be modeled in adolescent laboratory animals using the chronic witnessing social defeat (CWSD) paradigm, but the behavioral consequences of CWSD in adolescent animals remain to be validated for cognitive, anxiety-like, and depression-like behaviors and, more importantly, the underlying neural mechanisms remain to be uncovered. In this study, we first established the CWSD model in adolescent male mice and found that CWSD impaired cognitive function and increased anxiety levels and that these behavioral deficits persisted into adulthood. Based on the dorsal-ventral functional division in hippocampus, we employed immediate early gene c-fos immunostaining after behavioral tasks and found that CWSD-induced cognition deficits were associated with dorsal CA3 overactivation and anxiety-like behaviors were associated with ventral CA3 activity reduction. Indeed, chemogenetic activation and inhibition of dorsal CA3 neurons mimicked and reversed CWSD-induced recognition memory deficits (not anxiety-like behaviors), respectively, whereas both inhibition and activation of ventral CA3 neurons increased anxiety-like behaviors in adolescent mice. Finally, chronic administration of vortioxetine (a novel multimodal antidepressant) successfully restored the overactivation of dorsal CA3 neurons and the cognitive deficits in CWSD mice. Together, our findings suggest that dorsal CA3 overactivation mediates CWSD-induced recognition memory deficits in adolescent male mice, shedding light on the pathophysiology of adolescent CWSD-induced adverse effects and providing preclinical evidence for early treatment of stress-induced cognitive deficits.

Application of the transformer model algorithm in chinese word sense disambiguation: a case study in chinese language.

This study aims to explore the research methodology of applying the Transformer model algorithm to Chinese word sense disambiguation, seeking to resolve word sense ambiguity in the Chinese language. The study introduces deep learning and designs a Chinese word sense disambiguation model based on the fusion of the Transformer with the Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) algorithm. By utilizing the self-attention mechanism of Transformer and the sequence modeling capability of BiLSTM, this model efficiently captures semantic information and context relationships in Chinese sentences, leading to accurate word sense disambiguation. The model's evaluation is conducted using the PKU Paraphrase Bank, a Chinese text paraphrase dataset. The results demonstrate that the model achieves a precision rate of 83.71% in Chinese word sense disambiguation, significantly outperforming the Long Short-Term Memory algorithm. Additionally, the root mean squared error of this algorithm is less than 17, with a loss function value remaining around 0.14. Thus, this study validates that the constructed Transformer-fused BiLSTM-based Chinese word sense disambiguation model algorithm exhibits both high accuracy and robustness in identifying word senses in the Chinese language. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for advancing the intelligent development of word senses in Chinese language applications.

Characteristics of typical intermediate and semi volatile organic compounds in Shanghai during China International Import Expo event.

To ensure good air quality during the China International Import Expo (CIIE) event, stringent emission-reduction measures were implemented in Shanghai. To assess the efficacy of these measures, this study measured typical categories of intermediate/semi volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs), including alkanes (C10-C26 n-alkanes and pristane), EPA-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylnaphthalenes, benzothiazole (BTH) and chlorobenzenes (CBs), at an urban site of Shanghai before and during two CIIE events (2019 and 2020; non-CIIE versus CIIE). The average concentrations of alkanes and PAHs during both 2019 and 2020 CIIE events decreased by approximately 41% and 17%, respectively, compared to non-CIIE periods. However, the decline in BTH and CBs was only observed during CIIE-2019. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from alkanes, PAHs and BTH was evaluated under atmospheric conditions, revealing considerable SOA contributions from dimethylnaphthalenes and BTH. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis further revealed that life-related sources, such as cooking and residential emissions, make a noticeable contribution (21.6%) in addition to the commonly concerned gasoline-vehicle sources (31.5%), diesel-related emissions (20.8%), industrial emissions (18.6%) and ship emissions (7.5%). These findings provide valuable insights into the efficacy of the implemented measures in reducing atmospheric I/SVOCs levels. Moreover, our results highlight the significance of exploring additional individual species of I/SVOCs and life-related sources for further research and policy development.

TCMSSD: A comprehensive database focused on syndrome standardization.

BACKGROUD: Quantitative and standardized research on syndrome differentiation has always been at the forefront of modernizing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory. However, the majority of existing databases primarily concentrate on the network pharmacology of herbal prescriptions, and there are limited databases specifically dedicated to TCM syndrome differentiation. PURPOSE: In response to this gap, we have developed the Traditional Chinese Medical Syndrome Standardization Database (TCMSSD, http://tcmssd.ratcm.cn). METHODS: TCMSSD is a comprehensive database that gathers data from various sources, including TCM literature such as TCM Syndrome Studies (Zhong Yi Zheng Hou Xue) and TCM Internal Medicine (Zhong Yi Nei Ke Xue) and various public databases such as TCMID and ETCM. In our study, we employ a deep learning approach to construct the knowledge graph and utilize the BM25 algorithm for syndrome prediction. RESULTS: The TCMSSD integrates the essence of TCM with the modern medical system, providing a comprehensive collection of information related to TCM. It includes 624 syndromes, 133,518 prescriptions, 8,073 diseases (including 1,843 TCM-specific diseases), 8,259 Chinese herbal medicines, 43,413 ingredients, 17,602 targets, and 8,182 drugs. By analyzing input data and comparing it with the patterns and characteristics recorded in the database, the syndrome prediction tool generates predictions based on established correlations and patterns. CONCLUSION: The TCMSSD fills the gap in existing databases by providing a comprehensive resource for quantitative and standardized research on TCM syndrome differentiation and laid the foundation for research on the biological basis of syndromes.

Intelligent control decision integrating fuzziness and randomness for automatic management of cash flow.

Automatic management of cash flow from the perspective of cybernetics decisions can improve work efficiency and accuracy of cash flow management. Disadvantage of traditional fuzzy control method is that it only expresses fuzziness and ignores randomness. The automatic management of cash flow involves variables representing the fuzziness and randomness of human cognition which need new calculation methods to solve. Based on fuzzy control this paper proposes a cloud set control decision method for cash flow management. Cloud set and its I operation and P operation are described. Methods are studied including observation variables and control variables, fuzziness of observation variables and control variables, description of rules, and cloud reasoning based on cloud set. The method is applied successfully in automatic management of cash flow in which control amount of expenditure intensity is -2.285. It is shown that this method can effectively obtain reasonable control quantities considering fuzzy and random properties by the comparison with fuzzy control method. The method for automatic management of cash flow proposed has greater objectivity and effectiveness for the integration of fuzzy and randomness representing human cognition and decision.

A comparative analysis of energy expenditure and substrate metabolism in male university students with overweight/obesity: Tabata vs HIIT and MICT.

Introduction: Exploring the energy expenditure and substrate metabolism data during exercise, 10-minute recovery, and 20-minute recovery phases in Tabata, HIIT(High-Intensity Interval Training), and MICT(Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training). This study explores the scientific aspects of weight reduction strategies, examining energy expenditure and substrate metabolism from various training perspectives. The aim is to establish a theoretical foundation for tailoring targeted exercise plans for individuals within the population with overweight/obesity. Methods: This study used an experimental design with fifteen male university students with overweight/obesity. Participants underwent random testing with Tabata, HIIT, and MICT. Tabata involved eight sets of 20 seconds exercise and 10 seconds rest, totaling 4 minutes. HIIT included four sets of power cycling: 3 minutes at 80% VO2max intensity followed by 2 minutes at 20% VO2max. MICT comprised 30 minutes of exercise at 50% VO2max intensity. Gas metabolism indices were continuously measured. Subsequently, fat and glucose oxidation rates, along with energy expenditure, were calculated for each exercise type. Results: During both the exercise and recovery phases, the Tabata group exhibited a significantly higher fat oxidation rate of (0.27 ± 0.03 g/min) compared to the HIIT group (0.20 ± 0.04 g/min, p<0.05) and the MICT group (0.20 ± 0.03g/min, p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the HIIT and MICT groups (p=0.854). In terms of energy expenditure rate, the Tabata group maintained a substantially elevated level at 5.76 ± 0.74kcal/min compared to the HIIT group (4.81 ± 0.25kcal/min, p<0.01) and the MICT group (3.45 ± 0.25kcal/min, p<0.001). Additionally, the energy expenditure rate of the HIIT group surpassed that of the MICT group significantly (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study finds that male college students with overweight/obesity in both exercise and recovery, Tabata group has lower fat and glucose oxidation rates, and energy expenditure compared to HIIT and MICT groups. However, over the entire process, Tabata still exhibits significantly higher rates in these aspects than HIIT and MICT. Despite a shorter exercise duration, Tabata shows a noticeable "time-efficiency" advantage. Tabata can be used as an efficient short-term weight loss exercise program for male college students with overweight/obesity.