ABSTRACT
RATIONALE: Turner syndrome is characterized by complete or partial loss of the second sex chromosome. In patients with Turner syndrome, hypertension is well described. However, the literature regarding malignant hypertension is scarce. Therefore, an accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment are important. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 13-year-old female with Turner syndrome presented to the emergency department with malignant hypertension, headache, spraying vomiting, convulsion, and loss of consciousness. Considering her medical history, symptoms, and auxiliary examination, secondary hypertension (primary reninism) was suspected, but without any occupying or hyperplasia in renal and adrenal. DIAGNOSIS: A type of secondary hypertension, primary reninism. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was immediately transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit. Subsequently, she was given nifedipine 0.35 mg/kg and captopril 0.35mg/kg to reduce blood pressure (BP), mannitol and furosemide to reduce cranial pressure, and phenobarbital and midazolam to terminate restlessness successively. Three hours later, the BP was consistently higher than 170/120 mm Hg, sodium nitroprusside was pumped intravenously, then, giving oral drug transition. Finally, she was given Valsartan-Amlodipine Tablets (I) (80 mg valsartan and 5 mg amlodipine per day) and bisoprolol (2.5 mg per day). OUTCOMES: For 2.5 years of follow-up, the BP reduced to 110-130/60-85 mm Hg, heart rate ranged between 65 and 80 bpm, and she could go to school without any headache, convulsion, and syncope. LESSONS: The clinical phenotype of Turner syndrome is complex and varied, affecting multiple systems and organs. Turner syndrome with malignant hypertension is rare, so we should systematically evaluate secondary hypertension, target-organ damage, and accompanied by standard management when Turner syndrome presents with hypertension.
Subject(s)
Hypertension, Malignant , Turner Syndrome , Humans , Female , Turner Syndrome/complications , Adolescent , Hypertension, Malignant/drug therapy , Hypertension, Malignant/complications , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Red tides not only destroy marine ecosystems but also pose a great threat to human health. The traditional anti-red tide materials are difficult to degrade effectively in the natural environment and there may be risks of environmental leakage and secondary pollution. Furthermore, they cannot reduce the toxicity of toxins released by algae. It is very important to prepare degradable materials that can effectively control red tide and reduce their toxins in the future. Herein, degradable CDs (De-CDs) with biocompatibility and non-toxicity is successfully prepared using the one-step electrolytic method. De-CDs can effectively inhibit P. globosa (algae associated with red tide) growth. More importantly, the De-CDs not only can attenuate the toxicity of toxins released by P. globosa, but also can be degraded under visible-light irradiation in the seawater and avoids environmental leakage. The successful preparation of De-CDs provides a new idea for degradable materials with anti-red tide algae in the future.
Subject(s)
Carbon , Harmful Algal Bloom , Carbon/chemistry , Marine Toxins , Seawater/chemistry , Dinoflagellida/growth & development , Dinoflagellida/drug effectsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) regimen for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) primarily consists of anthracyclines and taxanes, and the addition of platinum-based drugs can further enhance the efficacy. However, it is also accompanied by more adverse events, and considering the potential severe and irreversible toxicity of anthracyclines, an increasing number of studies are exploring nonanthracycline regimens that combine taxanes and platinum-based drugs. METHODS: The retrospective study included 273 stage II-III TNBC patients who received NACT. The AT group, consisting of 195 (71.4%) patients, received a combination of anthracyclines and taxanes, while the TCb group, consisting of 78 (28.6%) patients, received a combination of taxanes and carboplatin. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors influencing pathological complete response (pCR) and residual cancer burden (RCB). The log-rank test was used to assess the differences in event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) among the different treatment groups. Cox regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the factors influencing EFS and OS. RESULTS: After NACT and surgery, the TCb group had a higher rate of pCR at 44.9%, as compared to the AT group at 31.3%. The difference between the two groups was 13.6% (OR = 0.559, 95% CI 0.326-0.959, P = 0.035). The TCb group had a 57.7% rate of RCB 0-1, which was higher than the AT group's rate of 42.6%. The difference between the two groups was 15.1% (OR = 0.543, 95% CI 0.319-0.925, P = 0.024), With a median follow-up time of 40 months, the TCb group had better EFS (log-rank, P = 0.014) and OS (log-rank, P = 0.040) as compared to the AT group. Clinical TNM stage and RCB grade were identified as independent factors influencing EFS and OS, while treatment group was identified as an independent factor influencing EFS, with a close-to-significant impact on OS. CONCLUSION: In stage II-III triple TNBC patients, the NACT regimen combining taxanes and carboplatin yields higher rates of pCR and significant improvements in EFS and OS as compared to the regimen combining anthracyclines and taxanes.
Subject(s)
Anthracyclines , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Carboplatin , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Taxoids , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms , Humans , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Retrospective Studies , Carboplatin/administration & dosage , Anthracyclines/administration & dosage , Anthracyclines/therapeutic use , Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods , Middle Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Adult , Taxoids/administration & dosage , Taxoids/therapeutic use , Aged , Neoplasm StagingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The high degree of intratumoral genomic heterogeneity is a major obstacle for glioblastoma (GBM) tumors, one of the most lethal human malignancies, and is thought to influence conventional therapeutic outcomes negatively. The proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT) of glioma stem cells (GSCs) confers resistance to radiation therapy in glioblastoma patients. POLD4 is associated with cancer progression, while the mechanisms underlying PMT and tumor radiation resistance have remained elusive. METHOD: Expression and prognosis of the POLD family were analyzed in TCGA, the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and GEO datasets. Tumorsphere formation and in vitro limiting dilution assay were performed to investigate the effect of UCHL3-POLD4 on GSC self-renewal. Apoptosis, TUNEL, cell cycle phase distribution, modification of the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet), γ-H2AX immunofluorescence, and colony formation assays were conducted to evaluate the influence of UCHL3-POLD4 on GSC in ionizing radiation. Coimmunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays were performed to identify POLD4 protein interactors. In vivo, intracranial xenograft mouse models were used to investigate the molecular effect of UCHL3, POLD4 or TCID on GCS. RESULT: We determined that POLD4 was considerably upregulated in MES-GSCs and was associated with a meagre prognosis. Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L3 (UCHL3), a DUB enzyme in the UCH protease family, is a bona fide deubiquitinase of POLD4 in GSCs. UCHL3 interacted with, depolyubiquitinated, and stabilized POLD4. Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that targeted depletion of the UCHL3-POLD4 axis reduced GSC self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity and resistance to IR treatment by impairing homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Additionally, we proved that the UCHL3 inhibitor TCID induced POLD4 degradation and can significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of IR in a gsc-derived in situ xenograft model. CONCLUSION: These findings reveal a new signaling axis for GSC PMT regulation and highlight UCHL3-POLD4 as a potential therapeutic target in GBM. TCID, targeted for reducing the deubiquitinase activity of UCHL3, exhibited significant synergy against MES GSCs in combination with radiation.
Subject(s)
Neoplastic Stem Cells , Radiation Tolerance , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase , Humans , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/metabolism , Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics , Radiation Tolerance/genetics , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Neoplastic Stem Cells/radiation effects , Animals , Mice , Cell Line, Tumor , Glioma/pathology , Glioma/genetics , Glioma/radiotherapy , Glioma/metabolism , Apoptosis/genetics , Apoptosis/radiation effects , Ubiquitination , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/metabolism , Brain Neoplasms/genetics , Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Mice, Nude , Phenotype , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , PrognosisABSTRACT
Rechargeable metal batteries have received widespread attention due to their high energy density by using pure metal as the anode. However, there are still many fundamental problems that need to be solved before approaching practical applications. The critical ones are low charge/discharge current due to slow ion transport, short cycle lifetime due to poor anode/cathode stability, and unsatisfied battery safety. To tackle these problems, various strategies have been suggested. Among them, electrolyte additive is one of the most widely used strategies. Most of the additives currently studied are soluble, but their reliability is questionable, and they can easily affect the electrochemical process, causing unwanted battery performance decline. On the contrary, insoluble additives with excellent chemical stability, high mechanical strength, and dimensional tunability have attracted considerable research exploration recently. However, there is no timely review on insoluble additives in metal batteries yet. This review summarizes various functions of insoluble additives: ion transport modulation, metal anode protection, cathode amelioration, as well as battery safety enhancement. Future research directions and challenges for insoluble solid additives are also proposed. It is expected this review will stimulate inspiration and arouse extensive studies on further improvement in the overall performance of metal batteries.
ABSTRACT
The deubiquitinating enzyme 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 (PSMD14), a member of the JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzyme (JAMM) family, has been shown to function as an oncogene in various human cancers. However, the function of PSMD14 in glioma and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, our findings reveal a dramatic upregulation of PSMD14 in GBMs, which is associated with poor survival outcomes. Knocking down PSMD14 is associated with decreased proliferation and invasion of GBM cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, PSMD14 directly interacts with ß-catenin, leading to a decrease in the K48-linked ubiquitination of ß-catenin and subsequent ß-catenin stabilization. Increased ß-catenin expression significantly reverses the inhibitory effects of PSMD14 knockdown on the migration, invasion, and tumor growth of GBM cells. Moreover, we observed a significant correlation between PSMD14 and ß-catenin expression in human GBM samples. In summary, our results reveal that PSMD14 is a crucial deubiquitinase that is responsible for stabilizing the ß-catenin protein, highlighting its potential for use as a therapeutic target for GBM.
ABSTRACT
Mesenchymal glioma stem cells (MES GSCs) are a subpopulation of cells in glioblastoma (GBM) that contribute to a worse prognosis owing to their highly aggressive nature and resistance to radiation therapy. Here, OCT4 is characterized as a critical factor in sustaining the stemness phenotype of MES GSC. We find that OCT4 is expressed intensively in MES GSC and is intimately associated with poor prognosis, moreover, OCT4 depletion leads to diminished invasive capacity and impairment of the stem phenotype in MES GSC. Subsequently, we demonstrated that USP5 is a deubiquitinating enzyme which directly interacts with OCT4 and preserves OCT4 stability through its deubiquitination. USP5 was additionally proven to be aberrantly over-expressed in MES GSCs, and its depletion resulted in a noticeable diminution of OCT4 and consequently a reduced self-renewal and tumorigenic capacity of MES GSCs, which can be substantially restored by ectopic expression of OCT4. In addition, we detected the dominant molecule that regulates USP5 transcription, E2F1, with dual luciferase reporter gene analysis. In combination, targeting the E2F1-USP5-OCT4 axis is a potentially emerging strategy for the therapy of GBM.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms , E2F1 Transcription Factor , Neoplastic Stem Cells , Octamer Transcription Factor-3 , Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases , Humans , Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics , Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism , Animals , E2F1 Transcription Factor/metabolism , E2F1 Transcription Factor/genetics , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/genetics , Brain Neoplasms/metabolism , Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/genetics , Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/metabolism , Glioma/pathology , Glioma/genetics , Glioma/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Mice , Protein Stability , Glioblastoma/pathology , Glioblastoma/genetics , Glioblastoma/metabolism , UbiquitinationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Systemic immune-inflammatory markers have a certain predictive role in pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) in breast cancer. However, there is a lack of research exploring the predictive value of markers after treatment. METHODS: This retrospective study collected data from 1994 breast cancer patients who underwent NAT. Relevant clinical and pathological characteristics were included, and pre- and post-treatment complete blood cell counts were evaluated to calculate four systemic immune-inflammatory markers: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). The optimal cutoff values for these markers were determined using ROC curves, and patients were classified into high-value and low-value groups based on these cutoff values. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze factors influencing pCR. The factors with independent predictive value were used to construct a nomogram. RESULTS: After NAT, 383 (19.2%) patients achieved pCR. The area under the ROC curve is generally larger for post-treatment markers compared to pre-treatment markers. Pre-treatment NLR and PLR, as well as post-treatment LMR and SII, were identified as independent predictive factors for pCR, along with Ki-67, clinical tumor stage, clinical lymph node stage, molecular subtype, and clinical response. Higher pre-NLR (OR = 1.320; 95% CI 1.016-1.716; P = 0.038), pre-PLR (OR = 1.474; 95% CI 1.058-2.052; P = 0.022), post-LMR (OR = 1.532; 95% CI 1.175-1.996; P = 0.002), and lower post-SII (OR = 0.596; 95% CI 0.429-0.827; P = 0.002) are associated with a higher likelihood of achieving pCR. The established nomogram had a good predictive performance with an area under the ROC curve of 0.754 (95% CI 0.674-0.835). CONCLUSION: Both pre- and post-treatment systemic immune-inflammatory markers have a significant predictive role in achieving pCR after NAT in breast cancer patients. Indeed, it is possible that post-treatment markers have stronger predictive ability compared to pre-treatment markers.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Neutrophils , Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/blood , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Middle Aged , Adult , ROC Curve , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Lymphocytes , Aged , Inflammation/blood , Predictive Value of Tests , Nomograms , Blood Platelets/pathology , Monocytes , PrognosisABSTRACT
Low Coulombic efficiency, low-capacity retention, and short cycle life are the primary challenges faced by various metal-ion batteries due to the loss of corresponding active metal. Practically, these issues can be significantly ameliorated by compensating for the loss of active metals using pre-metallization techniques. Herein, the state-of-the-art development in various pr-emetallization techniques is summarized. First, the origin of pre-metallization is elaborated and the Coulombic efficiency of different battery materials is compared. Second, different pre-metallization strategies, including direct physical contact, chemical strategies, electrochemical method, overmetallized approach, and the use of electrode additives are summarized. Third, the impact of pre-metallization on batteries, along with its role in improving Coulombic efficiency is discussed. Fourth, the various characterization techniques required for mechanistic studies in this field are outlined, from laboratory-level experiments to large scientific device. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of pre-metallization technology in improving Coulombic efficiency and cycle stability for various metal-ion batteries are discussed. In particular, the positive influence of pre-metallization reagents is emphasized in the anode-free battery systems. It is envisioned that this review will inspire the development of high-performance energy storage systems via the effective pre-metallization technologies.
ABSTRACT
The performance of zinc-ion batteries is severely hindered by the uncontrolled growth of dendrites and the severe side reactions on the zinc anode interface. To address these challenges, a weak-water-coordination electrolyte is realized in a peptone-ZnSO4 -based electrolyte to simultaneously regulate the solvation structure and the interfacial environment. The peptone molecules have stronger interaction with Zn2+ ions than with water molecules, making them more prone to coordinate with Zn2+ ions and then reducing the active water in the solvated sheath. Meantime, the peptone molecules selectively adsorb on the Zn metal surface, and then are reduced to form a stable solid-electrolyte interface layer that can facilitate uniform and dense Zn deposition to inhabit the dendritic growth. Consequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell can exhibit exceptional cycling performance over 3200 h at 1.0 mA cm-2 /1.0 mAh cm-2 in the peptone-ZnSO4 -based electrolyte. Moreover, when coupled with a Na2 V6 O16 ·3H2 O cathode, the cell exhibits a long lifespan of 3000 cycles and maintains a high capacity retention rate of 84.3% at 5.0 A g-1 . This study presents an effective approach for enabling simultaneous regulation of the solvation structure and interfacial environment to design a highly reversible Zn anode.
ABSTRACT
Fast charging lithium (Li)-ion batteries are intensively pursued for next-generation energy storage devices, whose electrochemical performance is largely determined by their constituent electrode materials. While nanosizing of electrode materials enhances high-rate capability in academic research, it presents practical limitations like volumetric packing density and high synthetic cost. As an alternative to nanosizing, microscale electrode materials cannot only effectively overcome the limitations of the nanosizing strategy but also satisfy the requirement of fast-charging batteries. Therefore, this review summarizes the new emerging microscale electrode materials for fast charging from the commercialization perspective. First, the fundamental theory of electronic/ionic motion in both individual active particles and the whole electrode is proposed. Then, based on these theories, the corresponding optimization strategies are summarized toward fast-charging microscale electrode materials. In addition, advanced functional design to tackle the mechanical degradation problems related to next generation high capacity alloy- and conversion-type electrode materials (Li, S, Si et al.) for achieving fast charging and stable cycling batteries. Finally, general conclusions and the future perspective on the potential research directions of microscale electrode materials are proposed. It is anticipated that this review will provide the basic guidelines for both fundamental research and practical applications of fast-charging batteries.
ABSTRACT
Aqueous zinc ion batteries are gaining popularity due to their high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, random deposition of zinc ions on the anode and sluggish migration of zinc ions on the interface would lead to the growth of zinc dendrites and poor cycling performance. To address these challenges, we developed a fluorinated solid-state-electrolyte interface layer composed of Ca5 (PO4 )3 F/Zn3 (PO4 )2 via an in situ ion exchange strategy to guide zinc-ion oriented deposition and fast zinc ion migration on the anode during cycling. The introduction of Ca5 (PO4 )3 F (FAP) can increase the nucleation sites of zinc ions and guide the oriented deposition of zinc ions along the (002) crystal plane, while the in situ formation of Zn3 (PO4 )2 during cycling can accelerate the migration of zinc ions. Benefited from our design, the assembled Zn//V2 O5 â H2 O batteries based on FAP-protected Zn anode (FAP-Zn) achieve a higher capacity retention of 84 % (220â mAh g-1 ) than that of bare-Zn based batteries, which have a capacity retention of 23 % (97â mAh g-1 ) at 3.0â A g-1 after 800 cycles. This work provides a new solution for the rational design and development of the solid-state electrolyte interface layer to achieve high-performance zinc-ion batteries.
ABSTRACT
Optical frequency combs with more than 10 W have paved the way for extreme ultraviolet combs generation by interaction with inert gases, leading to extreme nonlinear spectroscopy and the ultraviolet nuclear clock. Recently, the demand for an ultra-long-distance time and frequency space transfer via optical dual-comb proposes a new challenge for high power frequency comb in respect of power scaling and optical frequency stability. Here we present a frequency comb based on fiber chirped pulse amplification (CPA), which can offer more than 20 W output power. We further characterize the amplifier branch noise contribution by comparing two methods of locking to an optical reference and measure the out-of-loop frequency instability by heterodyning two identical high-power combs. Thanks to the low noise CPA, reasonable locking method, and optical path-controlled amplifiers, the out-of-loop beat note between two combs demonstrates the unprecedented frequency stability of 4.35 × 10-17 at 1s and 6.54 × 10-19 at 1000 s.
ABSTRACT
Bacterially induced sepsis requires rapid bacterial detection and identification. Hours count for critically ill septic patients, while current culture-based detection requires at least 10 h up to several days. Here, we apply a microfluidic device equipped with a bacterially activated, macrophage-membrane-coating on nanowired-Si adsorbent surfaces for rapid, bacterial detection and Gram-identification in bacterially contaminated blood. Perfusion of suspensions of Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria through a microfluidic device equipped with membrane-coated adsorbent surfaces detected low (<10 CFU/mL) bacterial levels. Subsequent, in situ fluorescence-staining yielded Gram-identification for guiding antibiotic selection. In mixed Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suspensions, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were detected in the same ratios as those fixed in suspension. Results were validated with a 100% correct score by blinded evaluation (two observers) of 15 human blood samples, spiked with widely different bacterial strains or combinations of strains, demonstrating the potential of the platform for rapid (1.5 h in total) diagnosis of bacterial sepsis.
Subject(s)
Bacteria , Sepsis , Humans , Suspensions , Lab-On-A-Chip Devices , Escherichia coli , Macrophages , Sepsis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their intrinsic safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost. However, the uncontrollable Zn dendrite growth during cycling is still a critical challenge for the long-term operation of ZIBs, especially under harsh lean-Zn conditions. Herein, we report nitrogen and sulfur-codoped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CDs) as zincophilic electrolyte additives to regulate the Zn deposition behaviors. The N,S-CDs with abundant electronegative groups can attract Zn2+ ions and co-deposit with Zn2+ ions on the anode surface, inducing a parallel orientation of the (002) crystal plane. The deposition of Zn preferentially along the (002) crystal direction fundamentally avoids the formation of Zn dendrites. Moreover, the co-depositing/stripping feature of N,S-CDs under an electric field force ensures the reproducible and long-lasting modulation of the Zn anode stability. Benefiting from these two unique modulation mechanisms, stable cyclability of the thin Zn anodes (10 and 20 µm) at a high depth of discharge (DOD) of 67% and high Zn||Na2V6O16·3H2O (NVO, 11.52 mg cm-2) full-cell energy density (144.98 W h Kg-1) at a record-low negative/positive (N/P) capacity ratio of 1.05 are achieved using the N,S-CDs as an additive in ZnSO4 electrolyte. Our findings not only offer a feasible solution for developing actual high-energy density ZIBs but also provide in-depth insights into the working mechanism of CDs in regulating Zn deposition behaviors.
ABSTRACT
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to explore the predictive ability of lymphocyte subsets for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery and the prognostic value of CD19 (+) B cell combined with the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). (2) Methods: This study involved 291 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery at our institution between January 2016 and December 2017. All patients had complete clinical data and peripheral lymphocyte subsets. Differences in clinical and pathological characteristics were examined using the Chi-square test or independent sample t-tests. The difference in survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the Log-rank test. Cox's regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic indicators, and nomograms were used to predict survival probabilities. (3) Results: Patients were categorized into three groups based on their CD19 (+) B cell and PNI levels, with 56 cases in group one, 190 cases in group two, and 45 cases in group three. Patients in group one had a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.444, p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.435, p < 0.001). CD19 (+) B cell-PNI had the highest area under the curve (AUC) compared with other indicators, and it was also identified as an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, CD3 (+) T cell, CD3 (+) CD8 (+) T cell, and CD3 (+) CD16 (+) CD56 (+) NK T cell were all negatively correlated with the prognosis, while CD19 (+) B cell was positively associated with the prognosis. The C-index and 95% confidence interval (CI) of nomograms for PFS and OS were 0.772 (0.752-0.833) and 0.773 (0.752-0.835), respectively. (4) Conclusions: Lymphocyte subsets including CD3 (+) T cell, CD3 (+) CD8 (+) T cell, CD3 (+) CD16 (+) CD56 (+) NK T cell, and CD19 (+) B cell were related to the clinical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery. Additionally, PNI combined with CD19 (+) B cell had higher prognostic value and could be used to identify patients with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence after surgery.
ABSTRACT
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising for next-generation high-energy-density batteries owing to the highest specific capacity and the lowest potential of Li metal anode. However, the LMBs are normally confronted with drastic capacity fading under extremely cold conditions mainly due to the freezing issue and sluggish Li+ desolvation process in commercial ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolyte at ultra-low temperature (e.g., below -30 °C). To overcome the above challenges, an anti-freezing carboxylic ester of methyl propionate (MP)-based electrolyte with weak Li+ coordination and low-freezing temperature (below -60 °C) is designed, and the corresponding LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 (NCM811) cathode exhibits a higher discharge capacity of 84.2 mAh g-1 and energy density of 195.0 Wh kg-1 cathode than that of the cathode (1.6 mAh g-1 and 3.9 Wh kg-1 cathode ) working in commercial EC-based electrolytes for NCM811â Li cell at -60 °C. Molecular dynamics simulation, Raman spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance characterizations reveal that rich mobile Li+ and the unique solvation structure with weak Li+ coordination are achieved in MP-based electrolyte, which collectively facilitate the Li+ transference process at low temperature. This work provides fundamental insights into low-temperature electrolytes by regulating solvation structure, and offers the basic guidelines for the design of low-temperature electrolytes for LMBs.
ABSTRACT
Freshwater ecosystems are threatened by eutrophication, which causes persistent and harmful algal blooms. Filter-feeding bivalve mollusks and submerged macrophytes (SMs) alleviate the eutrophication effects by inhibiting phytoplankton biomass blooms. However, very little is known about whether and how the combined manipulation of filter-feeding bivalves and SMs control eutrophication and influence phytoplankton assemblages. Here, we performed a nutrient-enriched freshwater mesocosm experiment to assess the combined effects of the filter-feeding bivalve Cristaria plicata, a cockscomb pearl mussel, and the macrophyte Hydrilla verticillate on the biomass and composition of phytoplankton assemblages. We found that addition of C. plicata and H. verticillate decreased the water nutrient concentrations and suppressed overall phytoplankton biomass. Further, distinct differences in taxa between restoration and control treatments were observed and noticeably competitive exclusion of cyanobacteria in the restoration treatments occurred. An antagonistic interaction between filter-feeding bivalves and SMs was only detected for total cyanobacteria biomass demonstrating that a larger magnitude of SM restoration may override the effect of filter-feeding bivalves. Our results suggest that manipulation, through the addition of bivalves as grazers, associated with the restoration of SMs, is an efficient approach for reducing cyanobacterial blooms and alleviating eutrophication.
ABSTRACT
In this study, surimi products rich in lipids were prepared by using myofibril protein (MP) emulsion gel as carriers. The MP emulsion gel (MP concentration, c = 1.5%, oil fraction, ø = 0.68) was prepared by one-step homogenization. The emulsion gel maintained a high elastic modulus (G') after heating and freezing treatment. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the structure of the emulsion gel was a hybrid network consisting of polymers of cross-linked MP and aggregated protein-stabilized emulsion (W/O/W multiple structures) droplets. The double emulsification of the emulsion gel and MP stabilized the oil droplets in the surimi product, preventing water and oil from leaching out. The microstructure also showed smaller gaps between MPs with increased porosity, while oil droplets were stably embedded in the surimi gel matrix. Moreover, adding MP emulsion gel significantly reduced the surimi gel strength compared to adding oil directly (p < 0.05).