ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the association of vegetable and fruit consumption with carotid plaque (CP) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), two predictors of carotid atherosclerosis, within urban and rural adults at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in regional China. A total of 11,392 adults at high CVD risk were identified from general population of 71,511 in this cross-sectional study, conducted between November of 2015 and May of 2016 in the Jiangsu Province. Among these 11,392 high risk participants, CP prevalence was 36.7%. The independent variables, vegetable and fruit intake frequency, were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The outcome variables, CIMT and CP, were measured by ultrasound examination. The ANCOVA analysis showed no association between CIMT values and vegetable and fruit intake frequencies. Multivariate logistic regression models were introduced to examine the association between vegetable and fruit intake and CP. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) for participants who occasionally and daily consumed vegetable to experience any CP were 0.67 (95%CI: 0.58-0.78) and 0.70 (95%CI: 0.62-0.79), respectively, compared with those rarely consumed vegetable. While the adjusted ORs were 0.77 (95%CI: 0.64-0.92) and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.68-0.94), separately, for occasional and daily vegetable consumers to develop single CP relative to their counterparts who rarely consumed any vegetables. However, no significant association between fruit consumption and CP was observed. Among the Chinese population at high CVD risk, consumption of fresh vegetables was negatively associated with the risk of developing carotid plaque.
Subject(s)
Carotid Artery Diseases , Vegetables , Adult , Brazil , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , China/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Fruit , HumansABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the association of vegetable and fruit consumption with carotid plaque (CP) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), two predictors of carotid atherosclerosis, within urban and rural adults at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in regional China. A total of 11,392 adults at high CVD risk were identified from general population of 71,511 in this cross-sectional study, conducted between November of 2015 and May of 2016 in the Jiangsu Province. Among these 11,392 high risk participants, CP prevalence was 36.7%. The independent variables, vegetable and fruit intake frequency, were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The outcome variables, CIMT and CP, were measured by ultrasound examination. The ANCOVA analysis showed no association between CIMT values and vegetable and fruit intake frequencies. Multivariate logistic regression models were introduced to examine the association between vegetable and fruit intake and CP. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) for participants who occasionally and daily consumed vegetable to experience any CP were 0.67 (95%CI: 0.58-0.78) and 0.70 (95%CI: 0.62-0.79), respectively, compared with those rarely consumed vegetable. While the adjusted ORs were 0.77 (95%CI: 0.64-0.92) and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.68-0.94), separately, for occasional and daily vegetable consumers to develop single CP relative to their counterparts who rarely consumed any vegetables. However, no significant association between fruit consumption and CP was observed. Among the Chinese population at high CVD risk, consumption of fresh vegetables was negatively associated with the risk of developing carotid plaque.
O estudo buscou investigar a associação entre consumo de frutas e verduras e placa carotídea (PC) e espessura íntima-média carotídea (EIMC), dois preditores de aterosclerose entre adultos das áreas urbana e rural com alto risco de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs) em uma região da China. Foram identificados 11.392 adultos com alto risco de DCV, entre 71.511 indivíduos da população geral, em um estudo transversal entre novembro de 2015 e maio de 2016 na Província de Jiangsu. Entre esses 11.392 participantes de alto risco, a prevalência de PC foi de 36,7%. As variáveis independentes, ou seja, frequências de consumo de frutas e verduras, foram avaliadas através de um questionário de frequência alimentar. As variáveis de desfecho, EIMC e PC, foram medidas por ultrassom. A análise ANCOVA não mostrou associação entre valores de EIMC e frequências de consumo de frutas e verduras. Foram introduzidos modelos de regressão logística multivariada para examinar a associação entre consumo de frutas e verduras e PC. Depois de ajustar para potenciais fatores de confusão, as ORs para participantes com consumo eventual e diário de verduras para qualquer PC foram 0,67 (IC95%: 0,58-0,78) e 0,70 (IC95%: 0,62-0,79), respectivamente, comparado com aqueles com consumo raro de verduras. Enquanto isso, as ORs ajustados foram 0,77 (IC95%: 0,64-0,92) e 0,80 (IC95%: 0,68-0,94), separadamente, para adultos com consumo eventual e diário de verduras para desenvolver uma PC única, comparado aos que relatavam consumo raro de verduras. Entretanto, não foi observada uma associação significativa entre consumo de frutas e PC. Entre a população chinesa com alto risco de DCV, o consumo de verduras frescas mostrou associação negativa com o risco de desenvolvimento de placa carotídea.
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociación del consumo de frutas y verduras con la placa carotídea (PC) y el grosor íntima-media carotídeo (GIMC), dos predictores de la aterosclerosis carotídea en adultos urbanos y rurales, con alto riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) en una región de China. Se identificaron, en este estudio transversal, a 11.392 adultos con alto riesgo de ECV dentro de una población general de 71.511, realizado entre noviembre de 2015 y mayo de 2016 en la provincia de Jiangsu. De estos 11.392 participantes en alto riesgo, la prevalencia de PC fue de un 36,7%. Las variables independientes, así como la frecuencia de consumo de verduras y fruta, se evaluaron mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de comidas. Las variables de resultado, GIMC y PC, se midieron por un examen de ultrasonido. El análisis ANCOVA mostró que no existía asociación entre los valores GIMC y la frecuencia en el consumo de verduras y frutas. Los modelos de regresión logística multivariantes se introdujeron para examinar la asociación entre el consumo de verduras y frutas y la PC. Tras el ajuste para los factores potenciales de confusión, las ORs de haber tenido alguna PC para los participantes que ocasionalmente y diariamente consumían verduras fueron 0,67 (IC95%: 0,58-0,78) y 0,70 (IC95%: 0,62-0,79), respectivamente, comparadas con quienes raramente consumían verduras. Mientras que las ORs ajustadas fueron 0,77 (IC95%: 0,64-0,92) y 0,80 (IC95%: 0,68-0,94), separadamente, para los consumidores ocasionales y los consumidores diarios de verduras de desarrollar una única PC, en relación con sus contrapartes que raramente consumían verduras. No obstante, no se observó una asociación significativa entre el consumo de frutas y la PC. Entre la población con alto riesgo de ECV, el consumo de verdura fresca estuvo negativamente asociado con el riesgo de desarrollar PC.