[Isolation and characterization of a human enterovirus 74 isolated in Shandong Province, China].

Human Enterovirus HEV 74 is a new member of species Human enterovirus B (HEV-B). To understand its evolution and restructuring characteristics, we report the complete genome sequence of a HEV74 strain 05293/SD/CHN/2005(abbreviated as 05293) isolated from an acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) case in Shangdong Province, China, 2005. Analysis of the complete genomic sequence of 05293 showed that its genome was collinear with that of previously described 2 HEV74 strains, except for insertions and deletions at the 5'NTR and the 3 NTR regions. The complete genome sequence of strain 05293 displayed 80. 8% nucleotide and 96% amino acid identity to the prototype strain USA/CA75-10213, and 80. 6% and 95. 9% to another isolated strain Rikaze-136. The P1, P2 and P3 coding regions of strain 05293 displayed 81. 5%, 80. 0%, 79. 7% nucleotide and 95. 9%, 96. 0%, 96.2% amino acid identity to the prototype strain USA/CA75-10213, and 81. 9%, 78. 8%, 79. 5% and 95. 9%, 96. 1%, 95. 7% to strain Rikaze-136, respectively. The phylogenetic tree and Simplot analysis on 05293 and HEV-B genome sequences were performed, and the result indicated frequent recombination within HEV-B.

[Advances in the structure and function of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus HA protein].

Since March 2009, pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus has been spreading throughout many countries including China. The emerged virus caused great harm to human health and social economy. Hemagglutinin (HA) is the most important viral surface glycoprotein, mainly possessing three kinds of functions: (1) binding to host cell receptor, (2) triggering the fusion between viral envelop and target cell membrane, (3) stimulating the body to generate the neutralizing antibody. Advances in the structure, primary function, evolution and antigenicity of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus HA protein are reviewed in this paper.

[Epidemiological analysis of cases with rash and fever illness after measles vaccine inoculation during 1999 to 2002 in Shandong province, China].

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of cases with rash and fever illness (RFIs) after measles vaccine (MV) inoculation. METHODS: During 1999 to 2002, 150 RFIs cases reported by the special measles surveillance system in Shandong province, China, were investigated and analyzed epidemiologically. RESULTS: 7 674 690 ml MV were distributed during 1999 to 2002 and the annual average incidence of RFIs cases after MV inoculation was 0.20/10 000 ml (0.2 ml per dose). There was significant difference of incidences each year (chi(2) = 10.13, P < 0.05). All RFIs cases were sporadically distributed without epidemiological links. Clinical symptoms showed that 88.67% of the 150 RFIs cases having > 38.5 degrees C fever and 75.33% of all cases appeared typical rash after 4 to 11 days (the medium was 8 days) after MV inoculation. The order of rash onset among RFIs cases was consistent with that of regular measles cases caused by wild virus. 68.67% of the RFIs cases had first MV inoculation and 94.71% were 8 to 12 month-olds. IgM sera antibody test from RFIs cases were rubella negative and 45.65% positive for measles. CONCLUSION: RFIs due to allergic reaction or measles vaccine virus infection might occur after MV inoculation. There seemed to be a correlation between RFIs incidence and the doses of MV. Measles virus genotype analysis needs to be carried out to confirm if the onset of some RFIs cases is aetiologically associated to MV vaccine virus infection.