Deoxynivalenol triggers porcine intestinal tight junction disorder: Insights from mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is universally detected trichothecene in most cereal commodities, which is considered as a major hazardous material for human and animal health. Intestine is the most vulnerable organ with higher concentration of DON than other organs, owing to the first defense barrier function to exogenous substances. However, the underling mechanisms about DON-induced intestinal toxicity remain poorly understood. Here, DON poisoning models of IPEC-J2 cells was established to explore adverse effect and the potential mechanism of DON-induced enterotoxicity. Results showed that DON exposure destroyed IPEC-J2 cells morphology. Results showed that DON exposure destroyed IPEC-J2 cells morphology. Intestinal epithelial barrier injury was caused by DON with increasing LDH release, decreasing cell viability as well decreasing tight junction protein expressions (Occludin, N-Cad, ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Claudin-3). Moreover, DON caused mitochondrial dysfunction by opening mitochondrial permeability transition pore and eliminating mitochondrial membrane potential. DON exposure upregulated protein and mRNA expression of mitochondrial fission factors (Drp1, Fis1, MIEF1 and MFF) and mitophagy factors (PINK1, Parkin and LC3), downregulated mitochondrial fusion factors (Mfn1, Mfn2, except OPA1), resulting in mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and mitophagy. Overall, these findings suggested that DON induced tight junction dysfunction in IPEC-J2 cells was related to mitochondrial dynamics-mediated mitophagy.

Travel for survive! Identifying the antecedents of vaccine tourists' travel intention: Using a stimulus-organism-response model.

The COVID-19 global pandemic and the uneven distribution of vaccines have resulted in alternative medical tourism, vaccine tourism. The purpose of this study is to identify the antecedents of vaccine tourists' travel intention. The Stimulus-organism-response model was used as a framework to understand the relationship between risk perception (stimulus), pandemic prevention attitude (organism), decision making (organism), and travel intention (response) in vaccine tourism. An online questionnaire survey method was adopted to address the purpose of the research. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to select eligible respondents who were over 18 years old and had experience in vaccine tourism. A total of 520 online questionnaires were collected, and description analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized to analyze the collected data. The findings indicated that pandemic prevention attitude is a full mediator between risk perception and travel intention. There is a significant causal relationship between risk perception and pandemic prevention attitude and between pandemic prevention attitude and travel intention. Furthermore, tourists' travel decision-making also significantly influences their travel intention. However, the relationship between tourists' risk perception and travel decision-making has no significant effect. Vaccine tourism was created based on the COVID-19 context. Therefore, in order to avoid vaccine travel becoming an infection control breach, pandemic prevention planning and the medical quality of the destination, and the prevention policies between the countries should be completely assessed and conducted.

Development and validation of a ferroptosis-related prognostic model in pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) associated with the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and to construct a prognostic model based on FRGs. METHODS: Based on pancreatic cancer data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we established a prognostic model from 232 FRGs. A nomogram was constructed by combining the prognostic model and clinicopathological features. Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and tissue samples obtained from our center were utilized to validate the model. The relationship between risk score and immune cell infiltration was explored by CIBERSORT and TIMER. RESULTS: The prognostic model was established based on four FRGs (ENPP2, ATG4D, SLC2A1 and MAP3K5), and the risk score was demonstrated to be an independent risk factor in pancreatic cancer (HR 1.648, 95% CI 1.335-2.035, p < 0.001). Based on the median risk score, patients were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group. The low-risk group had a better prognosis than the high-risk group. In the high-risk group, patients treated with chemotherapy had a better prognosis. The nomogram showed that the model was the most important element. Gene set enrichment analysis identified three key pathways, namely, TGFß signaling, HIF signaling pathway and the adherens junction. The prognostic model may be associated with infiltration of immune cells such as M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells. CONCLUSION: The ferroptosis-related prognostic model can be employed to predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Ferroptosis is an important marker, and immunotherapy may be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.

[Early incision, decompression and screw fixation for the treatment of Lisfranc injuries with foot osteofascial compartment syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effect of early incision and decompression combined with screw fixation in treating Lisfranc injury and foot osteofascial compartment syndrome. METHODS: Clinical data of 5 patients with Lisfranc injury and foot osteofascial compartment syndrome were retrospective analysized from January 2017 to December 2018, including 4 males and 1 female, aged from 19 to 62 years old. All patients were suffered from closed injuries. The time from injury to treatment ranged from 1 to 14 h. According to Myerson classification, 1 patient was type A, 1 patient was type B, and 3 patients were type C. All patients were performed early incision decompression and screw fixation. Maryland foot functional scoring standard at 12 months after opertaion was used to evaluate clinical effect. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 10 to 48 months. All fractures were achieved bone union, and healing time ranged from 3 to 9 months. All metatarsal and tarsal joints were reached to anatomical reduction. No infection, osteomyelitis, loosening or breaking of internal fixation occurred. Postopertaive Maryland foot function score at 12 months was from 44 to 97, and 2 patients got excellent result, 2 good, and 1 poor. CONCLUSION: Early incision and decompression with screw fixation for the treatment of Lisfranc injury and foot osteofascial compartment syndrome, which has advantages of simple opertaion, thoroughly decompression, screw fixation does not occupy space, stable decompression and fixation, and could receive satisfied clinical effect.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus JYLR-005 Prevents Thiram-Induced Tibial Dyschondroplasia by Enhancing Bone-Related Growth Performance in Chickens.

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a leg disorder caused by the abnormal development of the tibia in fast-growing poultry. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) strains have been reported to have effects on increasing bone growth and improving osteoporosis in animals. However, whether L. rhamnosus JYLR-005 can improve bone growth in TD chickens remains unclear. In this study, we noted that L. rhamnosus JYLR-005 could not reduce the suppression of the production performance of TD broilers (p > 0.05) but had a slight protective effect on the broiler survival rate (χ2 = 5.571, p = 0.062). However, for thiram-induced TD broiler chickens, L. rhamnosus JYLR-005 could promote tibia growth by increasing tibia-related parameters, including the tibia weight (day 11, p = 0.040), tibia length (day 15, p = 0.013), and tibia mean diameter (day 15, p = 0.035). Moreover, L. rhamnosus JYLR-005 supplementation improved the normal growth and development of the tibial growth plate by maintaining the morphological structure of the chondrocytes and restored the balance of calcium and phosphorus. Taken together, these findings provide a proof of principle that L. rhamnosus JYLR-005 may represent a therapeutic strategy to treat leg disease in chickens.

Morinda officinalis polysaccharides improve meat quality by reducing oxidative damage in chickens suffering from tibial dyschondroplasia.

Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is the common leg disease in commercial broilers. However, the effects of TD on meat quality and the protective of Morinda officinalis polysaccharide (MOP) are largely unknown. Three hundred broiler chicks (one-day-old) were equally allocated into control (CON), TD and MOP-treated groups for 15 days. The results indicated that TD influenced morphology and meat quality-related parameters of the breast muscle, and changed the activity and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes in plasma and breast muscles. Moreover, metabolomics profiling of breast muscle revealed that the main altered metabolites 4-guanidinobutyric acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, which are related to meat quality and oxidative stress. Additionally, 500 mg/L MOP effectively restored the content of meat metabolites and oxidative damage. These findings suggest that oxidative damage caused by TD may affect meat quality in broilers by changing the content of breast muscle metabolites and that MOP supplementation has a restorative effect.

Potential application of neogalactosylalbumin in positron emission tomography evaluation of liver function.

AIM: To investigate the evaluation of neogalactosylalbumin (NGA) for liver function assessment based on positron emission tomography technology. METHODS: Female Kunming mice were assigned randomly to two groups: fibrosis group and normal control group. A murine hepatic fibrosis model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of 10% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at 0.4 mL every 48 h for 42 d. 18F-labeled NGA ([18F]FNGA) was synthesized and administered at a dosage of 3.7 MBq/mouse to both fibrosis mice and normal control mice. Distribution of [18F]FNGA amongst organs was examined, and dynamic scanning was performed. Parameters were set up to compare the uptake of tracers by fibrotic liver and healthy liver. Serologic tests for liver function were also performed. RESULTS: The liver function of the fibrosis model mice was significantly impaired by the use of CCl4. In the fibrosis model mice, hepatic fibrosis was verified by naked eye assessment and pathological analysis. [18F]FNGA was found to predominantly accumulate in liver and kidneys in both control group (n = 21) and fibrosis group (n = 23). The liver uptake ability (LUA), peak time (Tp), and uptake rate (LUR) of [18F]FNGA between healthy liver (n = 8) and fibrosis liver (n = 10) were significantly different (P < 0.05, < 0.01, and < 0.05, respectively). LUA was significantly correlated with total serum protein level (TP) (P < 0.05). Tp was significantly correlated with both TP and glucose (Glu) concentration (P < 0.05 both), and LUR was significantly correlated with both total bile acid and Glu concentration (P < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: [18F]FNGA mainly accumulated in liver and remained for sufficient time. Functionally-impaired liver showed a significant different uptake pattern of [18F]FNGA compared to the controls.

Operative vs. nonoperative treatment for comminuted proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a current meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of operative vs. nonoperative treatment for comminuted proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients regarding clinical results, complications, and additional surgeries. METHODS: Six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Clinical, Ovid, Biosos, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Eligible RCTs published between 1960-2012 comparing operative vs. nonoperative treatment of comminuted proximal humeral fractures were included. Trial quality was assessed using the modified Jadad scale. Data from included studies were pooled with the use of fixed-effects and random-effects models with mean difference and risk ratios for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. Sensitivity analysis was performed to account for bias in patient selection. RESULTS: Six studies matched the selection criteria, reporting on 287 patients. One hundred fourty-four patients (50.17%) were managed nonoperatively, 20 patients (6.97%) underwent tension band fixation, 55 patients (19.16%) were treated with locked plate, and 68 patients (23.69%) underwent hemiarthroplasty. Mean follow-up ranged from 12-50 months. Results showed no significant difference in post-treatment Constant scores and DASH scores, but conservative treatment showed superior results compared to operative treatment using EQ-5D™. Compared with operative treatment, nonoperative treatment led to significantly fewer complications and additional surgeries. Findings from subgroup analyses remained consistent with these outcomes when compared to nonoperative treatment with tension band fixation, locked plate fixation, and hemiarthroplasty. CONCLUSION: Compared with operative treatment for closed comminuted proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients, conservative treatment can effectively reduce the risk of additional surgeries and complications. However, there is no statistical difference between operative and nonoperative treatment in terms of clinical outcomes.

Inhibitory effects of indigowoad root polysaccharides on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Indigowoad root polysaccharide (IRPS) is a natural polysaccharide isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Radix Isatidis, and has many kinds of biological activities. However, the IRPS antiviral activity, especially the anti-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) effect, has not been evaluated. METHODS: PRRSV was propagated in the MARC-145 cell line, and viral titre was determined by cytopathic effect and expressed as the 50% tissue culture infection dose (TCID(50)) in the current study. The cell cytotoxic effect of IRPS toward MARC-145 was evaluated by MTT assay firstly, then the inhibitory effects of IRPS on PRRSV replication in vitro were investigated by determining the effect of IRPS upon a single replicative cycle of PRRSV in MARC-145 cells. The effects of IRPS on viral RNA and protein synthesis in PRRSV-infected cells were investigated using real-time PCR and double-antibody (sandwich) ELISA. RESULTS: IRPS was able to effectively suppress the infectivity of the PRRSV in a dose-dependent manner, especially by adding IRPS during the PRRSV infection. IRPS could affect the attachment of PRRSV to MARC-145 cells, and also inhibit the viral RNA and protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: IRPS has an antiviral effect on PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells and might be useful in medical development for antiviral research. However, the precise mechanism of the host and viral targets of IRPS are unknown, so further studies should be conducted to investigate the precise mechanism of IRPS inhibitory effect on PRRSV infection.