Analysis of risk and protective factors associated with retinal nerve fiber layer defect in a Chinese adult population.

AIM: To investigate the risk and protective factors associated with the retinal nerve fiber layer defect (RNFLD) in a Chinese adult population. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional population-based investigation including employees and retirees of a coal mining company in Kailuan City, Hebei Province. All the study participants underwent a comprehensive systemic and ophthalmic examination. RNFLD was diagnosed on fundus photographs. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the risk and protective factors associated with the RNFLD. RESULTS: The community-based study included 14 440 participants. There were 10 473 participants in our study, including 7120 males (68.0%) and 3353 females (32.0%). The age range was 45-108y, averaging 59.56±8.66y. Totally 568 participants had RNFLD and the prevalence rate was 5.42%. A higher prevalence of RNFLD was associated with older age [P<0.001, odds ratio (OR): 1.032; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.018-1.046], longer axial length (P=0.010, OR: 1.190; 95%CI: 1.042-1.359), hypertension (P=0.007, OR: 0.639; 95%CI: 0.460-0.887), and diabetes mellitus (P=0.019, OR: 0.684; 95%CI: 0.499-0.939). The protective factors of RNFLD were visual acuity (P=0.038, OR: 0.617; 95%CI: 0.391-0.975), and central anterior chamber depth (P=0.046, OR: 0.595; 95%CI: 0.358-0.990). CONCLUSION: In our cross-sectional community-based study, with an age range of 45-108y, RNFLD is associated with older age, longer axial length, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. The protective factors of RNFLD are visual acuity and central anterior chamber depth. These can help to predict and evaluate RNFLD related diseases and identify high-risk populations early.

A Robust Luminescent Tb(III)-MOF with Lewis Basic Pyridyl Sites for the Highly Sensitive Detection of Metal Ions and Small Molecules.

A new luminescent terbium-metal-organic framework [Tb3(L)2(HCOO)(H2O)5]·DMF·4H2O (1) (H4L = 4,4'-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)diisophthalic acid) has been successfully assembled by Tb(3+) ions and an undeveloped pyridyl-tetracarboxylate. Compound 1 exhibits a 3D porous (3,8)-connected (4.5(2))2(4(2).5(12).6(6).7(5).8(3)) topological framework with fascinating 1D open hydrophilic channels decorated by uncoordinated Lewis basic pyridyl nitrogen atoms. In particular, the Tb-MOF (1) can detect Cu(2+) ions with high selectivity and sensitivity, and its luminescence is nearly entirely quenched in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and biological system. In addition, 1 still has high detection for the trace content of nitromethane with 70 ppm, which suggests that 1 is a promising example of dual functional materials with sensing copper ions and nitromethane.

Crystal structure of catena-poly[bis(formato-κO)bis-[µ2-1,1'-(1,4-phenyl-ene)bis-(1H-imidazole)-κ(2) N (3):N (3')]cobalt(II)].

A red block-shaped crystal of the title compound, [Co(HCOO)2(C12H10N4)2] n , was obtained by the reaction of cobalt(II) nitrate hexa-hydrate, formic acid and 1,1'-(1,4-phenyl-ene)bis-(1H-imidazole) (bib) mol-ecules. The asymmetric unit consists of one Co(II) cation, one formate ligand and two halves of a bib ligand. The central Co(II) cation, located on an inversion centre, is coordinated by two carboxyl-ate O atoms and four N atoms from bib ligands, completing an octa-hedral coordination geometry. The Co(II) centres are bridged by bib ligands, giving a two-dimensional net. Topologically, taking the Co(II) atoms as nodes and the bib ligands as linkers, the two-dimensional structure can be simplified as a typical sql/Shubnikov tetra-gonal plane network. The structure features C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions between formate and bib ligands, resulting in a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

Crystal structure of catena-poly[[di-aqua-cobalt(II)]-bis-[µ-5-(4-carb-oxy-ylato-phenyl)picolinato]-κ(3) N,O (2):O (5);κ(3) O (5):N,O (2)-[di-aqua-cobalt(II)]-µ-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]-1H-imidazole-κ(2) N (3):N (3')].

The asymmetric unit of the title polymeric Co(II) complex, [Co2(C13H7NO4)2(C12H10N4)(H2O)4] n , contains a Co(II) cation, a 5-(4-carboxyl-atophen-yl)picolinate dianion, two coordination water mol-ecules and half of 1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]-1H-imidazole ligand. The Co(II) cation is coordinated by two picolinate dianions, two water mol-ecules and one 1-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phen-yl]-1H-imidazole mol-ecule in a distorted N2O4 octa-hedral coordination geometry. The two picolinate dianions are related by an inversion centre and link two Co(II) cations, forming a binuclear unit, which is further bridged by the imidazole mol-ecules, located about an inversion centre, into the polymeric chain propagating along the [-1-11] direction. In the crystal, the three-dimensional supra-molecular architecture is constructed by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the coordinating water mol-ecules and the non-coordinating carboxyl-ate O atoms of adjacent polymeric chains.

Di-aqua-bis-[5-(pyrazin-2-yl-κN (1))-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazolido-κN (1)]zinc.

In the title compound, [Zn(C11H7N6)2(H2O)2], the Zn(II) cation, located on an inversion center, is N,N'-chelated by two 5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazolide anions and is further coordinated by two water mol-ecules in a distorted N4O2 octa-hedral geometry. In the anionic ligand, the pyrazine and pyridine rings are twisted with respect to the central triazole ring by 5.77 (10) and 11.54 (10)°, respectively. In the crystal, classical O-H⋯N and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions between aromatic rings [the centroid-centroid distances between triazole and pyrazine rings, and between triazole and pyridine rings are 3.623 (2) and 3.852 (2) Å, respectively] connect the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional supra-molecular architecture.

Biphenyl-2,4,4',6-tetra-carb-oxy-lic acid monohydrate.

In the title compound, C16H10O8·H2O, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 71.59 (8)°. The COOH groups make dihedral angles of 10.3 (2), 30.8 (2), 11.3 (2) and 42.3 (2)° with their attached rings. In the crystal, O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.

[Prognosis of traumatic eyes with no light perception undergone vitrectomy and analysis of risk factors].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognosis of traumatic eyes with no light perception post vitrectomy, and to analyze the risk factors influencing the final results. METHODS: Five hundred and ninety nine mechanically injured eyes in 577 patients undergone vitrectomy were registered from 1999 - 2004. Thirty-eight eyes in this group showed no light perception in initial visual examination. Thirty-two eyes (84.2%) had open-globe injury, the other 6 eyes (15.8%) had closed-globe injury. Excluded the enucleated eyes, the others were followed up for at least 6 months, averaged 7.2 months. All registered data were filled in predesigned forms. Each parameter was evaluated strictly according to the standards of the protocol. The risk factors of poor prognosis and traumatic no light perception were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes (36.8%) achieved anatomic and functional success. Three eyes (7.9%) attained anatomic success. Nine eyes (23.7%) were enucleated. Hypotony occurred in 4 eyes. Seven eyes were maintained by silicone oil. Atrophy of eyeball occurred in 1 eye. Twenty-one eyes (55.3%) achieved a final visual acuity of light perception or better, including: 0.2 in 3 eyes, 0.02 in 2 eyes, count finger in 3 eyes, hand move in 3 eyes, light perception in 10 eyes. Eight eyes (21.1%) remained no light perception. The logistic regression analysis identified the significant risk factors predictive of poor prognosis, including traumatic no light perception, presence of a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), massive suprachoroid hemorrhage (MSCH), panretinal detachment with closed-funnel, ciliary body injury, preoperative atrophy of eyeball, prolapse of iris and aniridia, extrusion of crystalline lens, length of scleral wound greater than 10 mm and ruptured injury. These factors were also the risk factors of traumatic no light perception, excluded traumatic no light perception, prolapse of iris and aniridia. More than one risk factor usually co-exists in each eye. CONCLUSIONS: The eyes with traumatic no light perception have poor prognosis. However, 45% of them can achieve functional and anatomic success undergone vitrectomy. Eyes with no light perception are related to the combination of various risk factors. MSCH, severe retinal injury and extensive ciliary body injury are the main risk factors for poor prognosis.