Green R & D investment, ESG reporting, and corporate green innovation performance.

Given the contradictory empirical evidence on the relationship between green R&D expenditure and corporate Green Innovation performance (GIP), The present research study is a distinctive investigation into the moderating impacts of ESG reporting on this relationship. We utilized a data collection of 3,846, firm-year observations of A-share listed firms in China from 2016 to 2022 from CSMAR and Bloomberg databases. The firm's Corporate GIP is assessed and measured by looking at the total quantity of green patents. Lastly, models with multiple regression analyses and fixed effects were employed. The findings show that ESG reporting has a positive and significant impact on the association between corporate GIP and green R&D expenditure, implying its compensating and supportive function in the form of green signals in green outputs. This research could help executives and lawmakers, especially in developing countries to build innovative environmental strategies for business sustainability.

How ESG reporting is effected by sustainable finance and green innovation: moderating role of sales growth.

In light of the conflicting findings within the existing empirical literature regarding the factors influencing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures in the context of sustainable investment and firms' green innovation performance (GIP), our current study stands out as a distinctive research endeavor that examines how the relationship is influenced by the moderating effects of sales growth. Non-financial trade manufacturing companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges between 2015 and 2020 were selected for this study. For data estimation, panel regression estimations using OLS and fixed effects models have been used. The results demonstrate a significant moderation of manufacturing industry's sales growth in China on the relationship between ESG disclosures and sustainable finance (operationalized by green credit, and green investment), and green innovation (operationalized by R&D intensity and green patents). Several practical takeaways are offered to boost green innovation performance among ESG reporting enterprises and increase the effectiveness of R&D intensity. These findings, including policy recommendations, will benefit all stakeholders.

Dynamic analysis of the determinants of long-term microfinance interest rates: Macro and micro factors.

Introduction: A recent increase in interest rates has raised doubts about the stability of micro-finance institutions (MFI) A recent increase in interest rates has raised doubts about the stability of MFI in many countries. This has compelled governments to consider some MFI practices unethical. Methods: This paper studies the MFI interest rates by using a dynamic panel method to identify the determining factors of the viability, financial, and social execution of microfinance firms. The research shows that the long-term interest rate evolution depends on the anticipation of loan loss rates (LLR), profit, or macroeconomic factors like inflation and the short-term current interest rate. The Study used database of 897 microfinance institutions in 106 countries and six geographic regions with a representative sample size of 5,075 observations between 2008 and 2020. The external factors considered are the market structure (Competition), economics (inflation), cultural and technological political conditions, and banking regulations in effect (regulation). Financial costs, operational costs, the write-off rate, and the average size of the loan are the most important determinant factors in MFI interest rate fluctuations. Results: The research find that other factors like gender, legal status, and regulations also contribute to the MFI interest rate variation. The research also discovered that there is a threshold effect in the relationship between women borrowers (WB) and the interest rate. Another important finding of this study is that MFIs do not anticipate inflation in the definition of the interest rate. Discussion: From an institutional point of view, it is necessary to promote competition, as the study shows that well-regulated competition helps to keep interest rates at a reasonable level.

Serum levels of VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 in type II diabetic rat with atherosclerosis and the interventional mechanism of simvastatin / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the serum expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) in type II diabetic rats with atheroscle?rosis and to undermine the interventional mechanism of simvastatin. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal diet (NC) group (n=8), high-fat diet (HFD) group (n=8), high-fat diet intervention (HFD+S) group (n=8), model (M) group (n=18) and model intervention (M+S) group (n=16). The diabetic atherosclerosis model was established by streptozotocin (STZ)+Vitamin D3(VitD3)+High-fat diet. The group HFD+S and group M+S rats were administrated with simvastatin at 20 mg/(kg·d)intragastrically as intervention while distilled water [20 mL/(kg·d)] were given to other groups. Serum levels of fasting plasma glucose(FPG), blood lipid, fasting insulin(FINS), VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were compared between each groups. Results Characteristics of atheromatous plaque were seen in group M and group M+S whose pathological change were markedly attenuated compared to group M. Serum levels of VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were significantly high?er in rats from Group HFD than those in rats from group NC. Serum levels of VEGF and TGF-β1 were significantly higher in rats from Group M than those in rats from group NC. Serum level of VEGF was significantly higher in rats from Group M than it in rats from group HFD. Serum level of CTRP3 was significantly lower in rats from Group M than it in rats from group HFD. Moreover, serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were significantly higher in rats from Group HFD+S than those in rats from group HFD after the intervention with simvastatin. Serum level of VEGF was significantly lower in rats from Group M+S than it in rats from group M, and serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTRP3 were significantly higher in rats from group M+S than those in rats from group M after the intervention with simvastatin. Conclusion VEGF, TGF-β1 and CTRP3 may partici?pate in development of diabetic atherosclerosis. In addition to its hypolipidemic role, Simvastatin can also down regulate se?rum level of VEGF and up regulate serum levels of TGF-β1 and CTRP3 to exert a significant protective effect on diabetic atherosclerosis.