Light modulation with resonant grating-waveguide structures.

Resonant grating-waveguide structures formed with InP/InGaAsP semiconductor materials were tested to show light modulation at a wavelength of 1.55 microm. Narrow, subnanometer resonant spectral bandwidths and a ratio of ref lected intensities between resonance and away from resonance of greater than 50 were measured. For a resonant structure with an area of 3 mm x 3 mm, the modulation frequency reached 5 MHz.

[High immunization rates--how can they be achieved at all?]. / Hohe Durchimpfungsgrade--Wie sind sie überhaupt erreichbar?

High rates of immunization are achieved not only by compulsory vaccination. Strict discipline is necessary as well as motivation of medical assistants and of patients in their social environment. All people have a natural instinct for protecting themselves against risks of life. This instinct can in fact be stimulated by repeated motivation and can be enforced by propaganda. The process of propaganda alone cannot stimulate urges. Strategy of immunization must be standardised in all districts of the Federal Republic. This means: immunisation schedule, information of patients, children and of their parents. This is part of discipline of vaccination, same as is the permanent training of medical staff. They should be sent to seminars and training workshops. Specialist opinions must be differentiated as to whether they are scientists or articulate their own and personal opinion or whether their attitude is conditioned by general medical considerations. Any legal claims arising from vaccination accidents would be decided 'in dubio pro aegroto'.

[Diphtheria immunity in school beginners and after reimmunization with d-vaccine]. / Diphtherie-Immunität bei Schulanfängern und nach Wiederimpfung mit d-Impfstoff.

The antitoxin immune status against diphtheria was determined in 814 children, aged 6-7 years, 5-6 years after first immunization. All children were then re-immunized with d-vaccine. 4-8 weeks later antitoxin was again measured to assess the immunogenic effect of the booster injection (reduced toxoid dosage of 5 IU/0.5 ml). Although all children had been completely immunized as infants, 149 of them (18.3%) presented inadequate or no immunity to diphtheria. The booster injection resulted in a reliably protective antibody concentration of 0.1 IU/ml serum even in children with low or no longer demonstrable residual immunity. The high proportion of inadequately protected children and the further continual loss of antitoxin antibodies makes booster injection mandatory at the time of beginning school as well as in juveniles and adults. The Standing Immunization Commission of the Federal German Health Office recommends this re-immunization every 10 years in the form of combined tetanus-diphtheria immunization with Td vaccine.

[Abdominal organ-transcending tumors with special reference to peritoneal carcinosis. CT versus the surgical site]. / Abdominelle organüberschreitende Tumoren unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Peritonealkarzionose. CT versus Operationssitus.

In 41 patients with a histologically confirmed peritoneal carcinomatosis (n = 29) or lymphangiomatosis (n = 12) the preoperative CT investigations of the abdomen were compared with intraoperative findings. CT findings were differentiated between direct or indirect signs. The sensitivity of the various CT signs of peritoneal carcinomatosis or lymphangiomatosis was between 66 and 100%. Abdominal CT studies proved to be a reliable preoperative method if the findings were examined closely. A precise review even of indirect signs is of high diagnostic value.

[Improvement of rubella vaccination. Seroconversion after serial rubella vaccination with the jet injector]. / Zur Optimierung der Röteln-Impfung. Serokonversion nach Röteln-Reihenimpfung mit dem Jet-Injektor.

67.5% of 506 girls aged 12-19 years had antibodies against rubella. 168 seronegative girls were vaccinated with rubella vaccine Wistar RA 27/3, application by jet injector. All 166 serologically controlled girls developed HAI-antibodies with a geometric mean titer of 1:87. The geometric mean titer of the naturally immunized girls was 1:140.

[Bladder cancer and old age. Study of the occurrence and status of diagnosis in the GDR with respect to old age]. / Blasenkrebs und Alter. Studie zur Häufigkeit und zum Stand der Erfassung und Behandlung in der DDR unter Berücksichtigung des Alters.

Bladder cancer and age. A study on the morbidity and on the state of detection and treatment with respect to age in the G.D.R. Malignant neoplasms of the urinary bladder account for about 1,400 registered new cancer cases and 1,100 deaths annually in the G.D.R. As compared with other developed industrialized countries, incidence and mortality from bladder cancer is relatively low in the G.D.R. Analysis of age-standardized incidence and mortality from 1956 to 1974 gives no clearcut evidence of an increase of bladder cancer morbidity. A regional analysis of the state of detection and treatment of bladder cancer was performed in the capital Berlin (1955-1974) and the city of Dresden (1969/70). It can be shown that there is a decrease of localized stages, of radically operated tumours and of survival rates with increasing age at time of diagnosis. In Berlin more than 30 per cent of new cases are 75 years and older. Localized stages I and II amount to nearly 50 per cent of newly registered bladder cancer cases. While mean age of patients increased in the observation period and stage distribution remained about equal, rate of radical interventions showed a slight increase reflecting a more aggressive approach to treatment. Higher survival rates can be expected in the future.

[An attempt to analyze the state of gastric cancer control in the German Democratic Republic (author's transl)]. / Zum Stand der Bekämpfung des Magenkrebses in der DDR. Versuch einer Analyse.

Starting from the records of the county cancer control offices, an attempt is made to analyze the quality of detection and treatment of gastric cancer in the G.D.R. Possibilities and results of curative treatment strongly depend upon the extent of the disease and the age of the patient at the time of diagnosis. During the period of observation (Berlin 1955--1974, county Königs Wusterhausen 1960--1974), the proportion of elderly patients (65-yrs.) increased, stage distribution remained about the same, the rate of curative operations increased a little. When comparing the situation in the capital Berlin with the district Erfurt, the city of Dresden and the rural county Königs Wusterhausen, it can be demonstrated that the quality of diagnosis and treatment in Berlin is somewhat better then in the other teritories.

[Heart tumour in the right atrium: clinical recognition and therapeutical management (author's transl)]. / Herztumor im rechten Vorhof: Diagnostik und Therapie.

A 62 year old lady came to the hospital in cause of right heart failure. Right and left heart catheterization and cineangiocardiography revealed a tumour in the right atrium. Further angiographic investigations demonstrated a hypernephroma in the left kidney. The operation of both tumours was successful. Pathohistological examination confirmed the diagnosis of hypernephroma in the left kidney with metastasis into the right atrium.

[Utilization of the MVA-immunization schedule from the view point of the public health service]. / Zur Anwendung der MVA-Stufenimpfung aus der Sicht des öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes.

The world-wide smallpox eradication program sponsored by the WHO has been successful. Furthermore the legislation regarding smallpox vaccination in the Federal Republic of Germany has been given a new form. The place of the previous mass-vaccination has been taken by vaccination of individuals. Under this aspect safe procedures for vaccination are required. Any vaccination used by Public Health Service has to fulfill the following criteria: High protection against the disease without adverse side-effects or risks; it should be simple to administer and applicable under ordinary circumstances. For primary vaccination against smallpox the MVA-vaccination meets these demands entirely. It is reported about own experiences with 700 vaccinations using the attenuated virus "MVA"; complete documentation is given. Not a single complication nor any adverse side-effects have been seen. The Public Health Service has gained great experience in the field of vaccination. It is responsible for the protection of the individual as well as the public, as it is undesirable that there develops and unvaccinated group within the population. The individual claim a complete protection through vaccination which should be absolutely free of any risk.

[Spontaneous peripheral proteolysis/2nd communication: Effect of peripheral proteolysis (author's transl)]. / Spontane periphere Proteolyse. 2. Wirkung der peripheren Proteolyse

With the modified Astrup-plate method a spontaneous peripheral proteolysis was often found in chronical infections of the skin and mucous membranes. The origin of this proteolysis and its effects on the bacterial growth and wound healing were discussed.

[Spontaneous Peripheral Proteolysis/1st Communication: method and results of clinical examinations (author's transl)]. / Spontane periphere Proteolyse. 1. Mitteilung: Methodik und klinische Untersuchungsergebnisse

With a modificated Astrup-fibrin plate-method also an inhibition of proteolysis can be registrated. In various medical areas a spontaneous peripheral proteolysis had been found, especially so in chronical bacterial infections.

[Spontaneous peripheral proteolysis as a disturbing factor (author's transl)]. / Die spontane periphere Proteolyse als Störfaktor

With a modification of the Astrup - fibrin - plate method about 300 patients were investigated. In chronic infections of the skin and mucous membranes a spontaneous peripheral proteolysis was found. There is a connection between infections, proteolysis and chronic continuance.