Revascularisation and outcomes after acute coronary syndromes in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting-ANZACS-QI 67.

AIMS: Coronary angiography in patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) is technically more difficult with increased procedure time, radiation exposure and in-hospital complications. In a contemporary national registry of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing an invasive strategy, we compared the management and outcomes of patients with and without prior CABG. METHODS: The All New Zealand ACS Quality Improvement (ANZACS-QI) registry was used to identify patients admitted to New Zealand public hospitals with an ACS who underwent invasive coronary angiography (2014-2018). Outcomes were ascertained by anonymised linkage to national datasets. RESULTS: Of 26,869 patients, 1,791 (6.7%) had prior CABG and 25,078 (93.3%) had no prior CABG. Prior CABG patients were older (mean age 71 years vs 65 years), more comorbid and less likely to be revascularised than those without CABG (49.8% vs 73.0%). Compared to patients without CABG, at a mean follow-up of 2.1 years, patients with prior CABG had higher all-cause mortality (HR 2.03 (1.80-2.29)), and were more likely to have recurrent myocardial infarction (HR 2.70 (2.40-3.04)), rehospitalisation with congestive cardiac failure (HR 2.36 (2.10-2.66)) and stroke (HR 1.82 (1.41-2.34)). CONCLUSION: In contemporary real-world practice, despite half of the patients with ACS and prior CABG receiving PCI, the outcomes remain poor compared with those without prior CABG.

Comparison of characteristics and outcomes for type A aortic dissection surgery by Maori, Pasifika or other ethnicities.

BACKGROUND: Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition frequently requiring emergency surgery. Key risk factors include hypertension and aortopathy syndromes; however, possible ethnic associations and differences in presentation and outcomes are less well established. We compared characteristics and outcomes of type A aortic dissection surgery by ethnicity. METHODS: Consecutive patients having type A aortic dissection surgery at Auckland City Hospital March 2003-March 2017 were divided into three ethnic groups: Maori, Pasifika and 'other', and analysed for characteristics, presentation and outcomes. RESULTS: Among 327 patients, 45 (14%) were Maori, 91 (28%) were Pasifika Islander and 191 (58%) were other ethnicities. Mean age was lowest for Maori 51+/-12 years, then Pasifika 56+/-12 and other ethnicities 63+/-13 (P<0.001). Maori and Pasifika ethnicities had higher body mass index, more hypertension, dyslipidaemia and smoking, but lower proportion presenting in critical pre-operative state. Operative mortality occurred in 5 (11%), 18 (20%) and 42 (22%) for Maori, Pasifika and other ethnicities (P=0.258). Pasifika had higher age-standardised operative mortality standardised mortality ratio 6.00, 95% confidence interval 3.67-9.30 than 'other' ethnicities, while Maori had higher age-standardised late mortality 5.71, 2.90-10.2 respectively, and the latter association persisted in multivariable analysis. Critical pre-operative state and malperfusion syndrome independently predicted operative mortality. CONCLUSION: Maori and Pasifika patients were younger and present less unwell with type A aortic dissection, but had higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. They had higher age-standardised late and operative mortality respectively, suggesting that aggressive management and risk factor control are critical for these patients.

Surgery for Type A Aortic Dissection: 14-Year Contemporary Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Type A aortic dissection is a fatal condition warranting emergency surgery to prevent complications and death. We reviewed the contemporary trends, characteristics, outcomes and predictors of this operation at our centre over a 14-year period. METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing type A aortic dissection surgery at Auckland City Hospital during March 2003-March 2017 were studied, and relevant characteristics and outcomes collected prospectively for statistical analyses. RESULTS: There were 327 patients included, and the number of operations each year remained similar from 2003-2010, and steadily increased thereafter. Median age was 60.6 years, with 124 (37.9%) females, 136 (41.6%) Maori or Pacific ethnicity, 319 (97.6%) emergency surgeries, 62 (19.0%) in a critical preoperative state and 154 (47.1%) having a malperfusion syndrome. Operative mortality occurred in 65 (19.9%), although this has decreased from 23.3% before 2014 to 14.0% since. Composite morbidity occurred in 212 (65.0%), predominantly acute kidney injury 134 (41.0%), ventilation >24 hours (129 (39.6%), return to theatre 94 (28.8%) and stroke 63 (19.3%). Survival at 1, 5 and 10 years was 79.0%, 71.7% and 57.8% respectively. Critical preoperative state and malperfusion syndrome were independent predictors of operative and long-term mortality and composite morbidity. CONCLUSION: Surgery for acute type A aortic dissection has been increasing since 2011 and continues to have high rates of operative mortality and morbidities, although the former has decreased since 2014. Critical preoperative state and malperfusion were the key predictors of adverse outcomes. After surviving the perioperative period, prognosis was good with low rates of late mortality.