Cerebral arterial blood flow, attention, and executive and cognitive functions in depressed patients after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Intracerebral hemorrhage mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension, and surgery is currently the main treatment for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, but the bleeding caused by surgery will cause damage to the patient's nerve cells, resulting in cognitive and motor dysfunction, resulting in a decline in the patient's quality of life. AIM: To investigate associations between cerebral arterial blood flow and executive and cognitive functions in depressed patients after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients with depression after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage who were admitted to our hospital between January 2019 and July 2021 were selected as the observation group, while 100 patients without depression who had acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were selected as the control group. The attention span of the patients was assessed using the Paddle Pin Test while executive function was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24) was used to evaluate the severity of depression of involved patients. Cerebral arterial blood flow was measured in both groups. RESULTS: The MoCA score, net scores I, II, III, IV, and the total net score of the scratch test in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Concurrently, the total number of responses, number of incorrect responses, number of persistent errors, and number of completed responses of the first classification in the WCST test were significantly higher in the observation group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Blood flow in the basilar artery, left middle cerebral artery, right middle cerebral artery, left anterior cerebral artery, and right anterior cerebral artery was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The basilar artery, left middle cerebral artery, right middle cerebral artery, left anterior cerebral artery, and right anterior cerebral artery were positively correlated with the net and total net scores of each part of the Paddle Pin test and the MoCA score (P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with each part of the WCST test (P < 0.05). In the observation group, the post-treatment improvement was more prominent in the Paddle Pin test, WCST test, HAMD-24 score, and MoCA score compared with those in the pre-treatment period (P < 0.05). Blood flow in the basilar artery, left middle cerebral artery, right middle cerebral artery, left anterior cerebral artery, and right anterior cerebral artery significantly improved in the observation group after treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Impaired attention, and executive and cognitive functions are correlated with cerebral artery blood flow in patients with depression after acute hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and warrant further study.

Primary hypertension in a postoperative paraganglioma patient: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary hypertension is a common clinical disease. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma is a rare cause of secondary hypertension. The diagnosis of the latter is still difficult, and the relationship between the two is not clear. The successful diagnosis of this case confirmed that standardized etiological investigation of secondary hypertension is necessary, contributes to the accurate diagnosis of rare diseases, and is conducive to the formulation or optimization of treatment plans. It shows an example of the coexistence of primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. CASE SUMMARY: The patient was a 54-year-old male and was hospitalized with high blood pressure for 4 years. The patient's blood pressure was measured at 150/100 mmHg during physical examination 4 years ago and had no paroxysmal or persistent elevated blood pressure, no typical triad of headache, palpitation, and sweating, without postural hypotension. After taking nifedipine sustained release tablets intermittently, the blood pressure did not meet the standard. Physical examination revealed blood pressure of 180/120 mmHg. There was no abnormality in cardiopulmonary and abdominal examination. The results of blood and/or urinary catecholamines/metanephrine and normetanephrine before and after operation were normal. Fundus examination revealed retinal arteriosclerosis in both eyes. There was a history of paraganglioma diagnosed by pathology after retroperitoneal tumor resection, a family history of hypertension, and a history of passive smoking. The clinical diagnosis was subclinical paraganglioma, primary hypertension, and hypertensive fundus lesions. The patient's blood pressure was regulated, blood lipid was reduced, and anti-inflammatory, and symptomatic support were given. After treatment, the blood pressure was stable and up to standard without discomfort symptoms. CONCLUSION: Subclinical paraganglioma and primary hypertension can coexist. The holistic thinking in clinical practice is helpful to the early diagnosis of rare diseases.

Epidemiological characteristics and spatial epidemiology of hand-foot-mouth disease in Hunan Province, China, from 2008 to 2019. / 2008~2019å¹´æ¹–å—çœæ‰‹è¶³å£ç— æµè¡Œç‰¹å¾åŠç©ºé—´æµè¡Œç— å­¦åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemic situation of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Hunan Province, China, from 2008 to 2019, as well as its spatial autocorrelation characteristics and spatial-temporal clustering, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of HFMD in Hunan Province. METHODS: Spatial autocorrelation and spatial-temporal clustering analyses were used to analyze the monitoring data of HFMD in Hunan Province from 2008 to 2019. RESULTS: The epidemic situation of HFMD in Hunan Province from 2008 to 2019 showed obvious seasonal distribution, with a low incidence rate in January to March and a high incidence rate in April to July. As for population distribution, children aged 0-5 years had the highest number of HFMD cases and accounted for 95.89% (1 460 391/1 522 910) of all cases, with a mean annual incidence rate of 2 197.784/100 000, and scattered children had the highest number of cases and accounted for 82.59% (1 257 739/1 522 910) of all cases. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the onset of HFMD in Hunan Province showed a significant clustering distribution, and the local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the high clustering areas of HFMD were mainly the districts and counties of Changsha, Zhuzhou, and Yueyang cities. Time-space scanning showed that clustering time was mainly April to July; the cases were clustered in the northeast of Hunan Province from 2008 to 2010 and in the central part of Hunan Province from 2011 to 2019. CONCLUSIONS: The high incidence rate of HFMD is observed in April to July in Hunan Province. Children under 5 years of age are at a high risk of this disease. Spatial-temporal clustering is observed for the epidemic of HFMD, mainly clustered in the northeastern and central areas of Hunan Province. It is suggested that the results may be used as guidance to determine the key areas for HFMD prevention and control in Hunan Province and optimize the allocation of health resources.

Short-term effect and long-term prognosis of neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage is a common critical disease of the nervous system, comprising one fifth of all acute cerebrovascular diseases and has a high disability and mortality rate. It severely affects the patients' quality of life. AIM: To analyze the short-term effect and long-term prognosis of neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: From March 2018 to May 2020, 118 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were enrolled in our study and divided into a control group and observation group according to the surgical plan. The control group used a hard-channel minimally invasive puncture and drainage procedure. The observation group underwent minimally invasive neuroendoscopic surgery. The changes in the levels of serum P substances (SP), inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10], and the National Hospital Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel index scores were recorded. Surgery related indicators and prognosis were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The operation time (105.26 ± 28.35) of the observation group was min longer than that of the control group, and the volume of intraoperative bleeding was 45.36 ± 10.17 mL more than that of the control group. The hematoma clearance rates were 88.58% ± 4.69% and 94.47% ± 4.02% higher than those of the control group at 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Good prognosis rate (86.44%) was higher in the observation group than in the control group, and complication rate (5.08%) was not significantly different from that of the control group (P > 0.05).The SP level and Barthel index score of the two groups increased (P < 0.05) and the inflammatory factors and NIHSS score decreased (P < 0.05). The cytokine levels, NIHSS score, and Barthel index score were better in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery is more complicated than hard channel minimally invasive puncture drainage in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage; however, hematoma clearance is more thorough, and the short-term effect and long-term prognosis are better than hard channel minimally invasive puncture drainage.

Comparison of neuroendoscopic and microscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection and effects on hormone levels / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To compare the efficacy of neuroendoscopic vs microscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection and effects on hormone levels and clinical symptoms. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 211 cases with pituitary tumor resection patients from January 2012 to June 2016, of which 112 cases with endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection (group A), 99 cases with microscopic transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection (group B), and operation related indexes, hormone variations before discharge and symptoms remission 24 weeks after operation were extracted and compared. Results Two groups of patients with different tumor resection extent (Z = 2.14, P = 0.032), group A achieved total resection rate was significantly higher than the group B (79.5% vs 67.7%) (P = 0.037); the operation time of group A was significantly longer than group B [(93.6 ± 26.7) vs (79.8 ± 20.2) min, t = 4.26, P = 0.000], group A with the mean hospitalization stay was significantly less than group B [(7.9 ± 2.5) vs (10.2 ± 4.3) d, t = 4.67, P = 0.000], postoperative complications of group A were significantly lower than those of group B (5.4% vs 14.1%, χ2 = 4.73, P = 0.030). Two groups of postoperative hormone levels decreased in different degree (Z = 2.42, P = 0.016), group A with hormone recovery rate before discharge was significantly higher than group B (82.2% vs 66.7%, χ2 = 6.09, P = 0.014), and decline on prolactinomas, ACTH adenoma, ghrelin hormone were significantly higher than group B [(43.2 ± 10.5) vs (33.5 ± 9.1) ng/ml, (26.0 ± 8.8) vs (20.2 ± 7.0) pmol/L, (11.0 ± 3.9) vs (8.7 ± 3.2) μg/L, t = 3.60, t = 2.65, t = 2.12, all P < 0.05]. There was no significant differences between the two groups in remission of clinical symptoms 24 weeks after operation (P > 0.05). Conclusion Neuroendoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection is more efficient and less operative complications compared with microscopic surgery, which is more conducive to the recovery of postoperative hormone levels.