Spray drying the Pickering emulsions stabilized by chitosan/ovalbumin polyelectrolyte complexes for the production of oxidation stable tuna oil microcapsules.

The microencapsulation of polysaturated fatty acids by spray drying remains a challenge due to their susceptibility to oxidation. In this work, antioxidant Pickering emulsions were attempted as feeds to produce oxidation stable tuna oil microcapsules. The results indicated that the association between chitosan (CS) and ovalbumin (OVA) was a feasible way to fabricate antioxidant and wettable complexes and a high CS percentage favored these properties. The particles could yield tuna oil Pickering emulsions with enhanced oxidation stability through high-pressure homogenization, which were successfully spray dried to produce microcapsules with surface oil content of 8.84 % and microencapsulation efficiency of 76.65 %. The microcapsules exhibited significantly improved oxidation stability and their optimum peroxide values after storage at 50 °C, 85 % relative humidity, or natural light for 15 d were 48.67 %, 60.07 %, and 39.69 % respectively lower than the powder derived from the OVA-stabilized emulsion. Hence, Pickering emulsions stabilized by the CS/OVA polyelectrolyte complexes are potential in the production of oxidation stable polyunsaturated fatty acid microcapsules by spray drying.

Composite formation of whey protein isolate and OSA starch for fabricating high internal phase emulsion: A comparative study at different pH and their application in biscuits.

The composites formed by whey protein isolate (WPI) and octenyl succinate anhydride (OSA)-modified starch were characterized with a focus on the effect of pH, and their potential in fabricating high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) as fat substitutes was evaluated. The particles obtained at pH 3.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0 presented a nanosized distribution (122.04 ± 0.84 nm-163.24 ± 4.12 nm) while those prepared at pH 4.0 and 5.0 were remarkably larger. Results from the shielding agent reaction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that the interaction between WPI and OSA starch was mainly hydrophobic at pH 3.0-5.0, while there was a strong electrostatic repulsion at pH 6.0-8.0. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) study showed that remarkably higher ΔD and lower Δf/n were observed at pH 3.0-5.0 after successive deposition of WPI and OSA starch, whereas slight changes were noted for those made at higher pH values. The WPI-OSA starch (W-O) composite-based HIPEs made at pH 3.0 and 6.0-8.0 were physically stable after long-term storage, thermal treatment, or centrifugation. Incorporation of HIPE into the biscuit formula yielded products with a desirable sensory quality.

[Chemical Constituents from Cynomorium songaricum].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the fleshy stems of Cynomorium songaricum. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography on MCI, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 columns, etc. The structures of compounds were elucidated by physicochemical property and spectral analyses. Results: 15 compounds were isolated and identified as choerospondin( 1), isolariciresinol-4-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside( 2), lutelin-7-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside( 3), 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylacetate( 4),maslinic acid( 5),catechin ( 6),ursolic acid( 7),gentisic acid( 8),mannitol( 9), phloroglucinol( 10), ß-sitosterol( 11), daucosterol( 12), rutin( 13), cetylic acid( 14) and epicatechin( 15). Conclusion: Compounds 4,5,8,9 and 10 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

[Research progress on biological activities of Olea europaea leaf extract].

Olea europaea oil is one of the most important part of the "Mediterranean dietary pattern", and a lot of epidemiological evidences showed that people with the Mediterranean diet having a lower morbidity of the cardiovascular system diseases, skin cancer and colon cancer. The health benefits of a Mediterranean diet not only attributed to monounsaturated fatty acids and vitamins and other nutrients in O. europaea oil, but also the phenolic compounds named as antioxidant effect. Studies have shown that O. europaea leaf contains much more antioxidant activity composition than the fruit, and oleuropein, flavonoids such polyphenols are the main active ingredients in O. europaea leaf. A small amount of O. europaea was introduced into China in 1956, after widely cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan, and Longnan in Gansu province is the biggest O. europaea planting area in the country. In every winter pruning O. europaea will produce a large number of the leaves, which could be a high added value products (phenolic compounds) of rich source. This article through consulting the literature at home and abroad, classified and summarized the biological activity research status of O. europaea leaf extract and the possible mechanisms, including antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidation, and on the function of brain, cardiovascular system, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and analgesia and so on. At the same time looked ahead to its development prospects of O. europaea leaf extract, it has variety and high content of active ingredients, and antioxidant synergy, which provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of O. europaea leaf. And O. europaea leaf extract has a rich cheap source and good bioavailability, which provided a broad space in the application of medical and health care.

A novel protein from Eupolyphaga sinensis inhibits adhesion, migration, and invasion of human lung cancer A549 cells.

Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker is an important insect used in Chinese traditional medicine. In this study, we purified a 72-kDa anticancer protein, designated as EPS72, from this species using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ultrafiltration, CM Sepharose Fast Flow cation exchange, Q Sepharose High Performance (HP) anion exchange, Butyl Sepharose HP hydrophobic chromatography, and Superdex 75 gel filtration chromatographic techniques. EPS72 exhibited a potent anticancer activity against the human lung cancer A549 cell line (IC50, 18.76 µg/mL). Further study showed that EPS72 could induce A549 cell detachment and apoptosis, inhibit cell adhesion to fibronectin and collagen IV, and restrain cell migration and invasion. Moreover, EPS72 significantly decreased the expression of ß1-integrin. This study suggests that EPS72 could potentially be developed as a novel anticancer therapeutic agent due to its possible antimetastatic activity.

[Oleanolic acid inhibits proliferation of HUVECs, and inhibits migration and tube formation via VEGF pathway].

To investigate the effects of oleanolic acid (OA) on the proliferation, migration and the formation of tube-like structure in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). MTT assay, flat plate scarification, Transwell plates and matrigel-induced tube formation assay were performed to detect the effects of OA on proliferation, migration and tube formation. MTT assay showed that the inhibition rates of HUVECs treated with 60 and 100 microg x mL(-1) of OA for 24 h were 19% and 83% respectively. Treatment of HUVECs significantly inhibited the cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. The vascular indexes of HUVECs treated with 40 and 60 microg x mL(-1) OA were 33% and 20% respectively. Western blotting analysis showed that treatment of the cells with OA significantly attenuated the expression and secretion of VEGF. Additionally, VEGF could in part reverse the effects of OA on migration and tube formation of HUVECs. In conclusion, OA inhibits the proliferation, and VEGF plays an important role in OA induced decreased migration and tube formation of HUVECs.