Acupuncture and tuina knowledge graph with prompt learning.

Introduction: Acupuncture and tuina, acknowledged as ancient and highly efficacious therapeutic modalities within the domain of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), have provided pragmatic treatment pathways for numerous patients. To address the problems of ambiguity in the concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) acupuncture and tuina treatment protocols, the lack of accurate quantitative assessment of treatment protocols, and the diversity of TCM systems, we have established a map-filling technique for modern literature to achieve personalized medical recommendations. Methods: (1) Extensive acupuncture and tuina data were collected, analyzed, and processed to establish a concise TCM domain knowledge base. (2)A template-free Chinese text NER joint training method (TemplateFC) was proposed, which enhances the EntLM model with BiLSTM and CRF layers. Appropriate rules were set for ERE. (3) A comprehensive knowledge graph comprising 10,346 entities and 40,919 relationships was constructed based on modern literature. Results: A robust TCM KG with a wide range of entities and relationships was created. The template-free joint training approach significantly improved NER accuracy, especially in Chinese text, addressing issues related to entity identification and tokenization differences. The KG provided valuable insights into acupuncture and tuina, facilitating efficient information retrieval and personalized treatment recommendations. Discussion: The integration of KGs in TCM research is essential for advancing diagnostics and interventions. Challenges in NER and ERE were effectively tackled using hybrid approaches and innovative techniques. The comprehensive TCM KG our built contributes to bridging the gap in TCM knowledge and serves as a valuable resource for specialists and non-specialists alike.

Chinese Few-Shot Named Entity Recognition and Knowledge Graph Construction in Managed Pressure Drilling Domain.

Managed pressure drilling (MPD) is the most effective means to ensure drilling safety, and MPD is able to avoid further deterioration of complex working conditions through precise control of the wellhead back pressure. The key to the success of MPD is the well control strategy, which currently relies heavily on manual experience, hindering the automation and intelligence process of well control. In response to this issue, an MPD knowledge graph is constructed in this paper that extracts knowledge from published papers and drilling reports to guide well control. In order to improve the performance of entity extraction in the knowledge graph, a few-shot Chinese entity recognition model CEntLM-KL is extended from the EntLM model, in which the KL entropy is built to improve the accuracy of entity recognition. Through experiments on benchmark datasets, it has been shown that the proposed model has a significant improvement compared to the state-of-the-art methods. On the few-shot drilling datasets, the F-1 score of entity recognition reaches 33%. Finally, the knowledge graph is stored in Neo4J and applied for knowledge inference.

A neutral polysaccharide with a triple helix structure from ginger: Characterization and immunomodulatory activity.

A neutral ginger polysaccharide fraction (NGP) was isolated from ginger, and its primary structures and immunomodulatory activity were investigated. The results showed that NGP had a low molecular weight of 6305 Da. NGP principally consisted of glucose (93.88%) together with minor levels of galactose (3.27%) and arabinose (1.67%). Besides, results of methylation analysis and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that NGP was α-glucan which had the main chain of 1,4-linked α-d-Glcp and α-d-Glcp residues branched at C-6 position which was different from the common triple helical ß-glucans. NGP also displayed a remarkable immunological activity on the RAW264.7 cells in vitro. It could significantly enhance the proliferation of macrophages without cytotoxicity and increase the production of immune substances (NO, TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6). The secretion at the concentration of 200 µg/mL was 29.41 µM, 1496.71, 44.30 and 1889.83 pg/mL for each substance, respectively. The results indicated that NGP could be a potential immune agent and might provide meaningful information for further chain conformation and immune mechanism research.