Exploring the restrictive factors for the development of the construction waste recycling industry in a second-tier Chinese city: a case study from Jinan.

Recycling construction waste in urban cities has attracted wide attention in the government department and building industry worldwide owing to numerous benefits in economics, the environment, and society for sustainable development. Most of the research was focused on the scope of first-tier/new first-tier cities. At the same time, less attention has been paid to second-tier cities, which should be further considered because of their significant potential for increasing construction waste. Jinan is one of the pilot cities for construction waste treatment in China. This city has been chosen as the case in this study to explore critical restrictive factors for developing the construction waste recycling industry (CWRI) in second-tier cities with the adoption of combined methods of the DEMATEL-ISM-EWM. It was revealed by the results that (1) the government is the main stakeholder. In addition, the legislation, management system, incentive/support for stakeholders, and technical standards were closely associated with CWRI development in Jinan. Low landfill fees and natural ore tax rates are unique and vital restrictive factors that should receive more attention. (2) Other key restrictive factors that should be given priority were (i) the lack of green design for designers, (ii) poor classification and management of construction waste for constructors on site, (iii) tight operating funds and insufficient publicity for recycling enterprises, and (iv) insufficient research funds for research institutions. Finally, a comparison of the similarities and differences of the restrictive factors on CWRI development between second-tier and first-tier/new first-tier cities was conducted, and a series of reasonable suggestions were provided, considering the perspective of stakeholders. The research will offer a valuable reference for industry practitioners and academics interested in CWRI.

Selective Nitridation Crafted a High-Density, Carbon-Free Heterostructure Host with Built-In Electric Field for Enhanced Energy Density Li-S Batteries.

To achieve both high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, it is essential yet challenging to develop low-porosity dense electrodes along with diminishment of the electrolyte and other lightweight inactive components. Herein, a compact TiO2 @VN heterostructure with high true density (5.01 g cm-3 ) is proposed crafted by ingenious selective nitridation, serving as carbon-free dual-capable hosts for both sulfur and lithium. As a heavy S host, the interface-engineered heterostructure integrates adsorptive TiO2 with high conductive VN and concurrently yields a built-in electric field for charge-redistribution at the TiO2 /VN interfaces with enlarged active locations for trapping-migration-conversion of polysulfides. Thus-fabricated TiO2 @VN-S composite harnessing high tap-density favors constructing dense cathodes (≈1.7 g cm-3 ) with low porosity (<30 vol%), exhibiting dual-boosted cathode-level peak volumetric-/gravimetric-energy-densities nearly 1700 Wh L-1 cathode /1000 Wh kg-1 cathode at sulfur loading of 4.2 mg cm-2 and prominent areal capacity (6.7 mAh cm-2 ) at 7.6 mg cm-2 with reduced electrolyte (<10 µL mg-1 sulfur ). Particular lithiophilicity of the TiO2 @VN is demonstrated as Li host to uniformly tune Li nucleation with restrained dendrite growth, consequently bestowing the assembled full-cell with high electrode-level volumetric/gravimetric-energy-density beyond 950 Wh L-1 cathode+anode /560 Wh kg-1 cathode+anode at 3.6 mg cm-2 sulfur loading alongside limited lithium excess (≈50%).

A Natural Polymer Captor for Immobilizing Polysulfide/Polyselenide in Working Li-SeS2 Batteries.

SeS2 has become a promising cathode material owing to its enhanced electrical conductivity over sulfur and higher theoretical specific capacity than selenium; however, the working Li-SeS2 batteries have to face the practical challenges from the severe shuttling of soluble dual intermediates of polysulfide and polyselenide, especially in high-SeS2-loading cathodes. Herein, a natural organic polymer, Nicandra physaloides pectin (NPP), is proposed to serve as an effective polysulfide/polyselenide captor to address the shuttling issues. Informed by theoretical calculations, NPP is competent to provide a Lewis base-based strong binding interaction with polysulfides/polyselenides via forming lithium bonds, and it can be homogeneously deposited onto a three-dimensional double-carbon conductive scaffold to finally constitute a polysulfide/polyselenide-immobilizing interlayer. Operando spectroscopy analysis validates the enhanced polysulfide/polyselenide trapping and high conversion efficiency on the constructed interlayer, hence bestowing the Li-SeS2 cells with ultrahigh rate capability (448 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1), durable cycling lifespan (≈ 0.037% capacity attenuation rate per cycle), and high areal capacity (> 6.5 mAh cm-2) at high SeS2 loading of 15.4 mg cm-2. Importantly, pouch cells assembled with this interlayer exhibit excellent flexibility, decent rate capability with relatively low electrolyte-to-capacity ratio, and stable cycling life even under a low electrolyte condition, promising a low-cost, viable design protocol toward practical Li-SeS2 batteries.

Mn-Substituted Tunnel-Type Polyantimonic Acid Confined in a Multidimensional Integrated Architecture Enabling Superfast-Charging Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes.

Given the inherent features of open tunnel-like pyrochlore crystal frameworks and pentavalent antimony species, polyantimonic acid (PAA) is an appealing conversion/alloying-type anode material with fast solid-phase ionic diffusion and multielectron reactions for lithium-ion batteries. Yet, enhancing the electronic conductivity and structural stability are two key issues in exploiting high-rate and long-life PAA-based electrodes. Herein, these challenges are addressed by engineering a novel multidimensional integrated architecture, which consists of 0D Mn-substituted PAA nanocrystals embedded in 1D tubular graphene scrolls that are co-assembled with 2D N-doped graphene sheets. The integrated advantages of each subunit synergistically establish a robust and conductive 3D electrode framework with omnidirectional electron/ion transport network. Computational simulations combined with experiments reveal that the partial-substitution of H3O+ by Mn2+ into the tunnel sites of PAA can regulate its electronic structure to narrow the bandgap with increased intrinsic electronic conductivity and reduce the Li+ diffusion barrier. All above merits enable improved reaction kinetics, adaptive volume expansion, and relieved dissolution of active Mn2+/Sb5+ species in the electrode materials, thus exhibiting ultrahigh rate capacity (238 mAh g-1 at 30.0 A g-1), superfast-charging capability (fully charged with 56% initial capacity for ≈17 s at 80.0 A g-1) and durable cycling performance (over 1000 cycles).

Superhierarchical Conductive Framework Implanted with Nickel/Graphitic Carbon Nanocages as Sulfur/Lithium Metal Dual-Role Hosts for Li-S Batteries.

High-energy-density Li-S batteries (LSBs) are considered as a promising next-generation energy-storage system. However, the sluggish redox kinetics and severe polysulfide shuttle effect in elemental sulfur cathodes, along with uncontrollable dendrite propagation in lithium metal anodes, inevitably depress the electrochemical performance of LSBs and impede their practical implementation. Motivated by a unique hierarchical geometry, specific chemical affinity, and nitrogen-enriched collagen component of natural skin fibers (SFs), here we proposed an effective structural engineering strategy for crafting an SF-derived superhierarchical N-doped porous carbon framework in situ implanted with nickel/graphitic carbon nanocages as a dual-role host to simultaneously address the challenges faced on the sulfur cathode and lithium anode in LSBs. The experimental results and theoretical calculation disclose that the implanted Ni nanoparticles and highly graphitic sp2 carbon nanocages together with doped N heteroatoms not only provide a synergetic trapping-catalytic-conversion effect for regulating soluble polysulfides with promoted redox kinetics in the cathode at both room and elevated (55 °C) temperatures but also yield Ni-enhanced lithiophilic N-heteroatom active sites in the host framework to control Li deposition and suppress Li dendrite growth in anodes. Combining the cathodic and anodic improvements further achieves a superb rate and cycling performance in full LSB cells with stable Coulombic efficiency, showing great potential in developing reliable LSBs.

Super-resolution optical mapping of floating macroalgae from geostationary orbit.

The spatial resolution of an observation from a geostationary orbiting satellite is usually too coarse to track small scale macroalgae blooms. For macroalgae mapping to benefit from a geostationary orbit's staring monitoring and frequent revisit intervals, we introduced a super-resolution method that reconstructs a high-resolution (HR) image of a region from a sequence of raw geostationary low-resolution images of the same region. We tested our method with GF-4 images at 50 m spatial resolution and demonstrated that the spatial resolution increased to 25 m. In addition, the derived HR image had better image quality characterized by a higher signal-to-noise ratio, clarity, and contrast. The increased spatial resolution and improved image quality improved our ability to distinguish macroalgae patches from the surrounding waters, especially tiny patches of macroalgae, and to precisely delineate the patch boundaries. Lastly, we more accurately estimated the areal coverage of the patches by reducing underestimation of the coverage of tiny patches and overestimation of the coverage of large patches.

The differential neuroprotection of HSP70-hom gene single nucleotide polymorphisms: In vitro (neuronal hypoxic injury model) and in vivo (rat MCAO model) studies.

To investigate the effect of HSP70-hom+2437 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on hypoxia and ischemia condition, we constructed the neuronal hypoxic injury model and the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to compare the inhibition rate of neurons and detect the infarct volume as well as the expression of related apoptotic proteins in order to explore the possible mechanisms. The neuroblastoma cells SHSY5Y were divided into the OE (transfected with the C allele) group, OEmu (transfected with the T allele) group and negative control (NC, transfected with the empty lentiviral vector CON195) group. Varying degrees of hypoxia were induced by deferoxamine (DFO). The inhibition rate of hypoxic neurons and the expression of related apoptotic proteins were detected in the three genotype groups. While in the rat MCAO model, we built five groups including the sham group, the blank control group (injected with physiological saline), the negative control group (injected with lentivirus and physiological saline), the C allele group and the T allele group (injected with lentivirus overexpressing C and T allele). The MCAO model operation was then underwent in all five groups, the infarct volume by TTC staining and the expression of related apoptotic proteins were detected after 24 h. The results in neuronal hypoxic injury model showed a significant difference in the inhibition rate between the three groups (P < 0.05), and the average inhibition rates for the OEmu, OE and NC groups were 13.2%, 19.2% and 23.3%, respectively. The inhibition rates also differed between lower and higher DFO concentrations (P < 0.05). Compared with the NC group, Bax decreased significantly in the OE and OEmu groups, whereas PI3K and HSPA1L (HSP70-hom) increased. However, the expression of Bax in the OEmu group decreased significantly more than in the OE group, whereas PI3K and HSPA1L levels showed no difference between the two groups. Corresponding with the results above, overexpressing HSP70-hom could reduce the infarct volume of ischemic injury by TTC staining in rat MCAO model and the T allele group also had less infarct volume than C allele group. Compared with the sham group, blank control group and negative control group, Bax decreased significantly in the C and T allele groups, while HSPA1L and p- AKT increased. Furthermore, the expression of Bax in the T allele group decreased significantly more than that in the C allele group, while there were no significant differences in HSPA1L and p-AKT levels between the two groups. Therefore, the overexpression of HSP70-hom+2437 could play a protective role in hypoxic neurons and ischemic brain tissue by upregulating the expression of HSPA1L and PI3K/p-AKT and downregulating the expression of BAX. The neuroprotective effect of the T allele was stronger than that of the C allele, which may be related to the strengthened downregulation of BAX.

Bio-Derived Hierarchical Multicore-Shell Fe2N-Nanoparticle-Impregnated N-Doped Carbon Nanofiber Bundles: A Host Material for Lithium-/Potassium-Ion Storage.

Despite the significant progress in the fabrication of advanced electrode materials, complex control strategies and tedious processing are often involved for most targeted materials to tailor their compositions, morphologies, and chemistries. Inspired by the unique geometric structures of natural biomacromolecules together with their high affinities for metal species, we propose the use of skin collagen fibers for the template crafting of a novel multicore-shell Fe2N-carbon framework anode configuration, composed of hierarchical N-doped carbon nanofiber bundles firmly embedded with Fe2N nanoparticles (Fe2N@N-CFBs). In the resultant heterostructure, the Fe2N nanoparticles firmly confined inside the carbon shells are spatially isolated but electronically well connected by the long-range carbon nanofiber framework. This not only provides direct and continuous conductive pathways to facilitate electron/ion transport, but also helps cushion the volume expansion of the encapsulated Fe2N to preserve the electrode microstructure. Considering its unique structural characteristics, Fe2N@N-CFBs as an advanced anode material exhibits remarkable electrochemical performances for lithium- and potassium-ion batteries. Moreover, this bio-derived structural strategy can pave the way for novel low-cost and high-efficiency syntheses of metal-nitride/carbon nanofiber heterostructures for potential applications in energy-related fields and beyond.

Construction of Electrocatalytic and Heat-Resistant Self-Supporting Electrodes for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Boosting the utilization efficiency of sulfur electrodes and suppressing the "shuttle effect" of intermediate polysulfides remain the critical challenge for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). However, most of reported sulfur electrodes are not competent to realize the fast conversion of polysulfides into insoluble lithium sulfides when applied with high sulfur loading, as well as to mitigate the more serious shuttle effect of polysulfides, especially when worked at an elevated temperature. Herein, we reported a unique structural engineering strategy of crafting a unique hierarchical multifunctional electrode architecture constructed by rooting MOF-derived CoS2/carbon nanoleaf arrays (CoS2-CNA) into a nitrogen-rich 3D conductive scaffold (CTNF@CoS2-CNA) for LSBs. An accelerated electrocatalytic effect and improved polysulfide redox kinetics arising from CoS2-CNA were investigated. Besides, the strong capillarity effect and chemisorption of CTNF@CoS2-CNA to polysulfides enable high loading and efficient utilization of sulfur, thus leading to high-performance LIBs performed not only at room temperature but also up to an elevated temperature (55 °C). Even with the ultrahigh sulfur loading of 7.19 mg cm-2, the CTNF@CoS2-CNA/S cathode still exhibits high rate capacity at 55 °C.

Progress and challenges of chimeric antigen receptor gene modified-T cell immunotherapy to cancer / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# 过继细胞疗法（ACT）的飞速发展使其成为肿瘤治疗手段中的一项新热点，其中嵌合抗原受体修饰的T细胞（CAR-T 细胞）在治疗恶性血液肿瘤中取得的成果更是令人振奋，同时也为实体瘤的治疗提供了新策略。但是，目前CAR-T细胞免疫疗法 在肿瘤治疗过程中的局限性也日渐显露。本文旨在针对CAR-T细胞在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展及治疗中的挑战予以简要探讨。

Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treating elderly vascular dementia.

This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (HUC-MSC) transplantation for treating elderly vascular dementia (VaD). Ten VaD patients (average age, 73.88 years old) were treated. HUC-MSCs were isolated, cultured, stem cell-marked, and qualified and administered as a 3-course intravenous infusion to these patients. The Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and the Activities of Daily Living Index (Barthel Index scoring system) were used to assess the cognitive function and daily living activity improvements in these patients before transplantation (T0), 3 months after transplantation (T1), and 6 months after transplantation (T2). The MMSE and Barthel Index scores were 15.80 ± 5.49 and 42.00 ± 9.33 points at T0, respectively, and were significantly different when compared with those at T1 (19.20 ± 6.39 and 49.20 ± 10.86 points, respectively, P < 0.05), whereas there was no difference when compared with those at T2 (14.00 ± 6.55 and 40.70 ± 10.37 points, respectively, P > 0.05). HUC-MSC transplantation was safe and feasible for VaD and improved early cognitive functions and daily living activities in VaD patients to a certain extent, thus improving patients' quality of life.

Template-Engaged Synthesis of 1D Hierarchical Chainlike LiCoO2 Cathode Materials with Enhanced High-Voltage Lithium Storage Capabilities.

A novel 1D hierarchical chainlike LiCoO2 organized by flake-shaped primary particles is synthesized via a facile template-engaged strategy by using CoC2O4·2H2O as a self-sacrificial template obtained from a simple coprecipitation method. The resultant LiCoO2 has a well-built hierarchical structure, consisting of secondary micrometer-sized chains and sub-micrometer-sized primary flakes, while these primary LiCoO2 flakes have specifically exposed fast-Li(+)-diffused active {010} facets. Owing to this unique hierarchical structure, the chainlike LiCoO2 serves as a stable cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) operated at a high cutoff voltage up to 4.5 V, enabling highly reversible capacity, remarkable rate performance, and long-term cycle life. Specifically, the chainlike LiCoO2 can deliver a reversible discharge capacity as high as 168, 156, 150, and 120 mAh g(-1) under the current density of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 C, respectively, while about 85% retention of the initial capacity can be retained after 200 cycles under 1 C at room temperature. Moreover, the chainlike LiCoO2 also shows an excellent cycling stability at a wide operating temperature range, showing the capacity retention of ∼73% after 200 cycles at 55 °C and of ∼68% after 50 cycles at -10 °C, respectively. The work described here suggests the great potential of the hierarchical chainlike LiCoO2 as high-voltage cathode materials aimed toward developing advanced LIBs with high energy density and power density.

Interaction between hypertension and HSP70 variants increase the risk of cerebral ischemia in Chinese Han population: an association study.

Cerebral infarction has become one of the leading diseases and a major mortality factor around the world. Atherosclerosis is recognized as one of the important causes of ischemic stroke. Recently, accumulating evidences have indicated that the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic functions of the HSP70 family play an important role in cerebral ischemia. However, the association between HSP70 SNPs and ischemic stroke was also not well established. We chose 101 cases of cerebral ischemia and 100 healthy people from the Chinese Han population as our study subjects, and PCR-RFLP was employed to analyze HSP70 polymorphisms: HSP70-1+190G/C, HSP70-2+1267A/G and HSP70-hom+2437T/C. There were no significant differences in +1267A/G allele or genotype frequencies between patients with stroke and healthy controls. However, genotypes of +190CG and +2437TT were differentially distributed between the patients and controls. A significant difference of T allele distribution in the HSP70-hom+2437T/C site was observed. Logistic regression analysis indicated that genotypes of +190CG, +2437TT and T allele in HSP70-hom were risk factors of ischemic stroke. Moreover, the study has formulated that the interactions between hypertension and +190CG or +2437TT may increase the risks of ischemic stroke. The results from this study have suggested a clinical indicator for assessing the possibilities of cerebral stroke, and supply basis to clinicians to give precaution to people who are at risk of stroke.