ABSTRACT
Purpose This pilot study aimed on generating insight on alterations in circulating immune cells during the use of FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Patients and methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated before and 30 days after initiation of chemotherapy from 20 patients with advanced PDAC. Regulatory T cells (FoxP3+) and immune checkpoints (PD-1 and TIM-3) were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunological changes were correlated with clinical outcome. Results Heterogeneous changes during chemotherapy were observed in circulating T-cell subpopulations with a pronounced effect on PD-1+ CD4+/CD8+ T cells. An increase in FoxP3+ or PD-1+ T cells had no significant effect on survival. An increase in TIM3+/CD8+ (but not TIM3+/CD4+) T cells was associated with a significant inferior outcome: median progression-free survival in the subgroup with an increase of TIM-3+/CD8+ T cells was 6.0 compared to 14.0 months in patients with a decrease/no change (p = 0.026); corresponding median overall survival was 13.0 and 20.0 months (p = 0.011), respectively. Conclusions Chemotherapy with FOLFIRNOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel induces variable changes in circulating T-cell populations that may provide prognostic information in PDAC (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Pilot Projects , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This pilot study aimed on generating insight on alterations in circulating immune cells during the use of FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated before and 30 days after initiation of chemotherapy from 20 patients with advanced PDAC. Regulatory T cells (FoxP3+) and immune checkpoints (PD-1 and TIM-3) were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunological changes were correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS: Heterogeneous changes during chemotherapy were observed in circulating T-cell subpopulations with a pronounced effect on PD-1+ CD4+/CD8+ T cells. An increase in FoxP3+ or PD-1+ T cells had no significant effect on survival. An increase in TIM3+/CD8+ (but not TIM3+/CD4+) T cells was associated with a significant inferior outcome: median progression-free survival in the subgroup with an increase of TIM-3+/CD8+ T cells was 6.0 compared to 14.0 months in patients with a decrease/no change (p = 0.026); corresponding median overall survival was 13.0 and 20.0 months (p = 0.011), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy with FOLFIRNOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel induces variable changes in circulating T-cell populations that may provide prognostic information in PDAC.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy , Immune Checkpoint Proteins/drug effects , Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects , Aged , Albumins/therapeutic use , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology , Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives , Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use , Female , Fluorouracil/therapeutic use , Forkhead Transcription Factors , Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/analysis , Humans , Immune Checkpoint Proteins/analysis , Irinotecan/therapeutic use , Leucovorin/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Oxaliplatin/therapeutic use , Paclitaxel/therapeutic use , Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology , Pilot Projects , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/analysis , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/drug effects , Progression-Free Survival , Prospective Studies , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/chemistry , GemcitabineSubject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy , Radioimmunotherapy , Yttrium Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Europe , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/immunology , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/mortality , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Survival RateABSTRACT
Mutations in cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or its mitochondrial homolog IDH2 can lead to R(-)-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) production. To date, mutations in three active site arginine residues, IDH1 R132, IDH2 R172 and IDH2 R140, have been shown to result in the neomorphic production of 2HG. Here we report on three additional 2HG-producing IDH1 mutations: IDH1 R100, which is affected in adult glioma, IDH1 G97, which is mutated in colon cancer cell lines and pediatric glioblastoma, and IDH1 Y139. All these new mutants stereospecifically produced 2HG's (R) enantiomer. In contrast, we find that the IDH1 SNPs V71I and V178I, as well as a number of other single-sample reports of IDH non-synonymous mutation, did not elevate cellular 2HG levels in cells and retained the wild-type ability for isocitrate-dependent NADPH production. Finally, we report the existence of additional rare, but recurring mutations found in lymphoma and thyroid cancer, which while failing to elevate 2HG nonetheless displayed loss of function, indicating a possible tumorigenic mechanism for a non-2HG-producing subset of IDH mutations in some malignancies. These data broaden our understanding of how IDH mutations may contribute to cancer through either neomorphic R(-)-2HG production or reduced wild-type enzymatic activity, and highlight the potential value of metabolite screening in identifying IDH-mutated tumors associated with elevated oncometabolite levels.
Subject(s)
Glutarates/metabolism , Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Mitochondria/enzymology , Neoplasms/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cytosol/enzymology , Glutarates/chemistry , Humans , Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Mutation , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideSubject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/standards , Immunotherapy/standards , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/therapy , Radiotherapy/standards , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic , Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic , Combined Modality Therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Forecasting , Humans , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Stem Cell TransplantationABSTRACT
Single-agent bortezomib, a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in relapsed and refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Objective response is achieved in up to 45% of the patients; however, complete remission rates are low and duration of response proved to be short. These limitations may be overcome by combining proteasome inhibition with conventional chemotherapy. Here we present two case reports and in vitro data suggesting synergistic efficacy of bortezomib combined with cytarabine in MCL. Interestingly, efficacy in vitro correlated with sequence of treatment, indicating that pretreatment with cytarabine, followed by proteasome inhibition, may be the preferred approach.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Boronic Acids/pharmacology , Cytarabine/pharmacology , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/drug therapy , Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology , Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/drug effects , Pyrazines/pharmacology , Salvage Therapy , Aged , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Apoptosis/drug effects , Boronic Acids/administration & dosage , Boronic Acids/therapeutic use , Bortezomib , Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects , Combined Modality Therapy , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Cytarabine/administration & dosage , Cytarabine/therapeutic use , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Drug Synergism , Female , Humans , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/radiotherapy , Male , Middle Aged , Mitoxantrone/administration & dosage , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Protease Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Pyrazines/administration & dosage , Pyrazines/therapeutic use , Radioimmunotherapy , Recurrence , Remission Induction , Rituximab , Vidarabine/administration & dosage , Vidarabine/analogs & derivatives , Vincristine/administration & dosage , Yttrium Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Yttrium Radioisotopes/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Mantle cell lymphoma is characterized by an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis, with only few long-term survivors. Conventional chemotherapy has failed to substantially alter the natural course of the disease and remains a palliative approach. However, several randomized trials have recently clearly demonstrated the superiority of a combined immunochemotherapy containing the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. In addition, a randomized trial has shown a significantly improved progression-free survival after myeloablative radiochemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation similar to other dose-intensified approaches (hyper-CVAD). Unfortunately, the vast majority of patients will eventually relapse. However, numerous molecular targeting strategies (e.g. proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs or radiolabeled antibodies) have achieved promising results in early phase II studies.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/therapy , Radioimmunotherapy/methods , Radioimmunotherapy/trends , Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/trendsABSTRACT
Brain metastases are a frequent finding in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The present case reports the clinical course of a patient who was treated with gefitinib alone for progressive brain metastases after whole-brain irradiation treatment (WBRT). A 50-year-old women with primary stage IV NSCLC (bone metastases) developed brain metastases after 3 cycles of chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel and carboplatin (CBDA). After completion of the WBRT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicated further progression. Two cycles of temozolomide and topotecan were applied; this was ineffective in preventing central nervous system progression. For symptomatic brain metastatic disease the patient received gefitinib as single-agent treatment. Within a few weeks of treatment there was an obvious clinical improvement. Follow-up of the brain 2 months after the start of treatment showed a decrease in both the size and number of brain metastases. Additional manifestations in the lungs and the skeletal system were re-assessed as stable disease during the treatment with gefitinib. Within 4 months of treatment there were no side-effects such as skin rash or any other systemic toxicity. Gefitinib may therefore have a role in the treatment of brain metastases from NSCLC.