A Survey of Neotropiella Handschin, 1942 (Collembola, Neanuridae, Pseudachorutinae) with the Description of a New Brazilian Species.

Neotropiella Handschin, 1942 is a pantropical genus of Pseudachorutinae with 18 species, 16 of which are from the Neotropical Region and 13 from Brazil. The genus has several species with unclear descriptions. Herein, we describe a new species of Neotropiella, survey the genus based on published papers and discuss its morphology, providing an updated genus diagnosis plus a detailed comparison table and a key to all known species. Neotropiella arretada sp. nov. is unique in the combination of a postantennal organ with 14-20 vesicles, its mandible with five teeth, its maxilla apically pointed and its unguis with a pair of reduced teeth. Widely distributed taxa may be species complexes, especially due to their unclear descriptions.

Revision of Palearctic species of the genus Dimorphaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae: Onychiurinae: Oligaphorurini) with description of new species.

In this paper, the Palearctic genus Dimorphaphorura Bagnall, 1949 (Collembola: Onychiuridae), is revised. The diagnosis of the genus is defined within the tribe Oligaphorurini based on the development of the furcal area, shape of furcal rudiment, and furcal chaetotaxy. Six new species are described: D. olenae sp n. from Ukraine, D. inya sp n., D. pseudoinya sp n., D. sibirica sp n., D. caucasica sp n., and D. sophyae sp n. from Russia. The type species of the genus, D. differens Bagnall, 1949 is redescribed, and the lectotype and paralectotypes are designated. All previously known species are redescribed or with additional characters complemented: D. alnus (Fjellberg, 1987) comb n., D. chatyrdagi (Kaprus', Weiner & Pomorski, 2002) comb n., D. daii (Pomorski, Skarzynski & Kaprus', 1998) comb n., Dimorphaphorura eremia (Kaprus',Weiner & Pomorski, 2002) comb n., D. hackeri (Christian, 1986) comb n., D. irinae (Thibaud & Taraschuk, 1997) comb n., D. melittae (Christian, 1993) comb n., D. pseudoraxensis (Nosek & Christian, 1983) comb n., D. raxensis (Gisin, 1961) comb n., D. steposa (Kaprus', Weiner & Pomorski, 2002). An identification key to all Dimorphaphorura species is provided.

Cryptic diversity in the ubiquist species Parisotoma notabilis (Collembola, Isotomidae): a long-used chimeric species?

Parisotoma notabilis is the most common species of Collembola in Europe and is currently designated as ubiquist. This species has been extensively used in numerous studies and is considered as well characterized on a morphological ground. Despite the homogeneity of its morphology, the sequencing of the barcoding fragment (5' end of COI) for several populations throughout Europe and North America revealed four distinct genetic lineages. The divergence found between these lineages was similar to the genetic distance among other species of the genus Parisotoma included in the analysis. All four lineages have been confirmed by the nuclear gene 28S. This congruence between mitochondrial and nuclear signals, as well as the geographical distribution pattern of lineages observed in Europe, supports the potential specific status of these lineages. Based on specimens from the type locality (Hamburg), the species name was successfully assigned to one of these lineages. This finding raises several problems as Parisotoma notabilis has been widely used in many ecological studies. Accumulation of new data for the different lineages detected, especially ecological information and life history traits, is needed to help resolve this situation.