Identification and expression analysis of citrate synthase 3 gene family members in apple / 生物工程学报

As one of the key enzymes in cell metabolism, the activity of citrate synthase 3 (CS3) regulates the substance and energy metabolism of organisms. The protein members of CS3 family were identified from the whole genome of apple, and bioinformatics analysis was performed and expression patterns were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for studying the potential function of CS3 gene in apple. BLASTp was used to identify members of the apple CS3 family based on the GDR database, and the basic information of CS3 protein sequence, subcellular localization, domain composition, phylogenetic relationship and chromosome localization were analyzed by Pfam, SMART, MEGA5.0, clustalx.exe, ExPASy Proteomics Server, MEGAX, SOPMA, MEME, WoLF PSORT and other software. The tissue expression and inducible expression characteristics of 6 CS3 genes in apple were determined by acid content and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Apple CS3 gene family contains 6 members, and these CS3 proteins contain 473-608 amino acid residues, with isoelectric point distribution between 7.21 and 8.82. Subcellular localization results showed that CS3 protein was located in mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis divided them into 3 categories, and the number of genes in each subfamily was 2. Chromosome localization analysis showed that CS3 gene was distributed on different chromosomes of apple. The secondary structure of protein is mainly α-helix, followed by random curling, and the proportion of β-angle is the smallest. The 6 members were all expressed in different apple tissues. The overall expression trend from high to low was the highest relative expression content of MdCS3.4, followed by MdCS3.6, and the relative expression level of other members was in the order of MdCS3.3 > MdCS3.2 > MdCS3.1 > MdCS3.5. qRT-PCR results showed that MdCS3.1 and MdCS3.3 genes had the highest relative expression in the pulp of 'Chengji No. 1' with low acid content, and MdCS3.2 and MdCS3.3 genes in the pulp of 'Asda' with higher acid content had the highest relative expression. Therefore, in this study, the relative expression of CS3 gene in apple cultivars with different acid content in different apple varieties was detected, and its role in apple fruit acid synthesis was analyzed. The experimental results showed that the relative expression of CS3 gene in different apple varieties was different, which provided a reference for the subsequent study of the quality formation mechanism of apple.

A biocompatible double-crosslinked gelatin/ sodium alginate/dopamine/quaterniazed chitosan hydrogel for wound dressings based on 3D bioprinting technology.

438Severe skin injuries can cause serious problems, which could affect the patient's normal life, if not dealt properly in a timely and effective manner. It is an urgent requirement to develop personalized wound dressings with excellent antibacterial activity and biocompatibility to match the shape of the wound to facilitate clinical application. In this study, a bioink (GAQ) based on gelatin (Gel)/sodium alginate (SA)/ quaternized chitosan (QCS) was prepared, and GAQ hydrogel dressing grafting with dopamine (GADQ) was fabricated by an extrusion three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. QCS was synthesized by modifying quaternary ammonium group on chitosan, and its structure was successfully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Our results showed that the GADQ hydrogel dressing that was double-crosslinked by EDC/ NHS and Ca2+ had good tensile strength, considerable swelling ratio, and effective antioxidation properties. It also showed that GADQ1.5% had 93.17% and 91.06% antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, the relative survival ratios of fibroblast cells seeded on these hydrogels exceeded 350% after cultured for 7 days, which proved the biocompatibility of these hydrogels. Overall, this advanced 3D-printed GADQ1.5% hydrogels with effective antioxidation, excellent antibacterial activity and good biocompatibility had a considerable application potential for wound healing.

Identification and expression analysis of apple PDHB-1 gene family / 生物工程学报

Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta-1 (PDHB-1) is a gene encoding the β-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which plays an important role in fruit acid accumulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution characteristics of apple PDHB-1 family and its expression in apples with different acid contents. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using databases including NCBI, Pfam and software including ClustalX, MEGA, and TBtools. By combining titratable acid content determination and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), the expression of this family genes in the peel and pulp of apple 'Asda' and 'Chengji No.1' with different acid content were obtained, respectively. The family members were mainly located in chloroplast, cytoplasm and mitochondria. α-helix and random coil were the main factors for the formation of secondary structure in this family. Tissue-specific expression profiles showed that the expression of most members were higher in fruit than in other tissues. qRT-PCR results showed that the expression profile of most members was consistent with the profile of titratable acid contents. In the peel, the expression levels of 14 members in 'Asda' apples with high acid content were significantly higher than that in 'Chengji No.1' apples with low acid content, where the expression difference of MdPDHB1-15 was the most significant. In the pulp, the expression levels of 17 members in 'Asda' apples were significantly higher than that in 'Chengji No.1' apples, where MdPDHB1-01 was the most highly expressed. It was predicted that PDHB-1 gene family in apple plays an important role in the regulation of fruit acidity.

Pharmacokinetic study of venlafaxine combined with vinpocetine in rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the pharm acokinetics of venlafaxine（VEN）combined with vinpocetine （VIN）in rats ，and to investigate the interaction between them. METHODS Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into VEN group （13.5 mg/kg）， VIN group （1.8 mg/kg） and VEN + VIN group （13.5 mg/kg VEN + 1.8 mg/kg VIN ），with 6 rats in each group. Before administration，rats in each group fasted but didn ’t deprived of water for 12 hours，and were given corresponding drugs intragastrically at one time. Blood was collected from rats in each group through orbital venous plexus at different time points after administration. After plasma sample was pretreated （domperidone as internal standard ），LC-MS/MS method was adopted to determine the concentration of VEN ，active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine of VEN （ODV）and active metabolite apovinblastic acid of VIN （AVA）in plasma. DAS 2.0 software was used to calculate and compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of VEN ，ODV and AVA. RESULTS Compared with VEN group ，the pharmacokinetic parameters cmax，AUC0－t，AUC0－∞，MRT0－t（except for VEN），MRT0－∞（except for VEN ）of VEN and ODV in VEN+VIN group were increased significantly ，while CL/ F and Vz/F were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with VIN group ，there was no statistical difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters of AVA in rat plasma of VEN+VIN group （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS After the combination of VEN and VIN ，VIN can affect the metabolism of VEN by increasing the absorption of VEN and ODV and slowing down their elimination.

Research progress on healthcare-associated infection in patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation / 中华危重病急救医学

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), as an effecitive life support technique, is widely used in patients with respiratory and/or cardiac failure. Infection, with a prevalence of approximately 21% in adult patients with ECMO, is one of the most common complications and has a significant impact on mortality. Early identification of infections, and accurate prevention and anti-infective therapies for ECMO patients can improve their survival, but there is a lack of standardized protocols for recognition, diagnosis, management, prevention and treatment of the infections. By analyzing a series of literatures on healthcare-associated infections in patients with ECMO, the epidemiology, pathogens, risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and treatment were summarized to provide a theoretical background for the early identification, diagnosis and patient management of nosocomial infections.

The correlation between grip strength and cognitive function in elderly people / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To explore the association between grip strength and cognitive function in elderly people aged 65 years and over.Methods:Information on grip strength, cognitive function, and lifestyle in the elderly population aged 65 years and over in Wuhan was collected by unified professionally trained investigators.A total of 533 study subjects aged(70.7±5.1)years were grouped by quartile into four grip strength groups of Q1(<18.6 kg), Q2(18.6~24.1 kg), Q3(24.2~31.1 kg), Q4(>31.1 kg).Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship of grip strength with cognitive function scores and cognitive impairment.Results:The mean grip strength of the 533 subjects was(24.94±9.15)kg.After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, history of diseases, as compared with grip strength Q1 group, the linear regression coefficients(Beta value)of cognitive scores and 95% confidence intervals(95% CI)showed statistically significantly positive correlation[0.45(-0.36, 1.26)、0.40(-0.52, 1.32)and 1.19(0.07, 2.31), all P<0.05]only between cognitive scores and grip strength Q2、Q3 and Q4 value; and the odds ratio and 95% CI of incidence of cognitive impairment were 0.97(0.43, 2.21)for grip strength Q2, 0.79(0.30, 2.06)for grip strength Q3, and 0.22(0.05, 0.92)for grip strength Q4.Considering grip strength as the continuous variable, the risk of cognitive impairment was decreased by 6% and the cognitive score was increased by 0.07 with per 1kg increase of grip strength. Conclusions:The results of this study suggest that there is a positive correlation between grip strength and cognitive function in the elderly population, and a lower grip strength is related to increased risk of cognitive impairment.More attention should be paid to the grip strength of the elderly in the community.

The analysis of health effects of exposure to occupational hazards on works in gypsum mining enterprise / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the health of gypsum miners in Hubei province and analyze the health effects of occupational disease hazards exposure on gypsum miners.@*Methods@#In April 2017, occupational disease hazard factors were tested on the site of a gypsum mine, and 500 workers were selected by random sampling to conduct questionnaires, relevant data such as occupational health examination was collected, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed.@*Results@#The main occupational hazards of gypsum miners were gypsum dust and noise. The time-weighted average concentration of 8 h in the workplace was 4.32 to 9.34 mg/m3, and the post pass rate was 69.2% (9/13) ; Respiratory dust 0.13-5.15 mg/m3, post pass rate 75.0% (3/4). Gypsum miners had finger dysfunction and muscle numbness, joint pain (29.2%, 88/301) and chest pain and breathing difficulties (17.6%, 53/301). Followed by tinnitus, auricle pus, running water (4.7%, 14/301), abnormal muscle tension (2.7%, 8/301). The exposure of occupational disease hazards was associated with respiratory, auditory and neurological symptoms of gypsum miners.@*Conclusion@#The long-term exposure of gypsum workers to gypsum dust, noise and other harmful factors may result in obvious symptoms of respiratory system and other health damage.

Neuroprotective effects of phytosterol esters against high cholesterol-induced cognitive deficits in aged rat.

Accumulating epidemiological and experimental studies have confirmed that a high-cholesterol diet is detrimental to cognitive performance in animal models. Phytosterols, a class of naturally occurring structural components in plant foods, have been demonstrated to possess cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant effects. Phytosterol esters (PSE) are esters of phytosterol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of PSE on cognitive deficit induced by a cholesterol-enriched diet in aged rats, and to explore their underlying mechanisms for these effects. Based on their Morris water maze performance, the latencies differed by <1.5 standard deviations (SDs) on days 3-5 of testing, 60 rats were chosen from 12-month-old female Sprague Dawley aged rats and were randomized into three groups, which were fed either a control diet, a high cholesterol diet (HCD) or a high-cholesterol diet supplemented with 2% PSE (HCD + PSE) for 6 months. In our study, we found that PSE treatment maintained the body weight balance, reduced the serum lipid levels, and improved the cognitive performance of aged rats in the Morris water maze test, as evaluated by shortened escape latencies. Importantly, histological and immunohistochemical results in the brain showed that PSE supplementation may have a neuroprotective effect that alleviates neuroinflammation in aged rats. This neuroprotective effect significantly inhibited degeneration, resulting in a significant increase in the number of pyramidal cells and an apparent decrease in the number of astrocytes compared to rats that were fed only a HCD. Furthermore, PSE improved cholinergic activities by restoring the acetylcholine (ACh) content and decreasing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cerebral cortex, as well as by elevating choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) activity in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. These results suggest that PSE can play a useful role in alleviating cognitive deficit induced by a cholesterol-enriched diet and ageing.

Study on applications of rheum sterile solution in rats following sepsis and effect on inflammatory factors / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of rheum(Chinese herbal medicine) preparation made by using ultrasonic technique on pro-inflammatory cytokines and sepsis in rats.In order to offer novel measure for the treatment of critically ill patients.Methods Firstly, rheum sterile solution was prepared through ultrasonic technique.Secondly, fifty healthy male SD rats were randomly(random number) divided to CLP group and rheum group.Moderate degree of sepsis model was established by using cecal ligation and puncture(CLP).Rats in group rheum received the liquid rheumpreparation via intragastric administration, while rats in group CLP received saline instead.The 7-day survival rate was recorded and was compared between two groups.In addition, another fifty-four rats were randomly(random number) divided to sham group, CLP group and rheum group(n=18 in each group).CLP was performed to induce sepsis in CLP group and rheum group.Then rats in rheum group received rheum sterile solution via intragastric administration, while rats in CLP group received saline instead.At 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after modeling, six rats in each group were randomly sacrificed.Serum TNF-α and HMGB1 levels were detected by ELISA method.Levels of RAGE, HMGB1 and NF-κB P65 in small intestine were detected by Western Blot.Results Level of anthraquinones extracted from rheum by ultrasonic technique was higher than that by conwentional decoction method.The 7-day survival rate of rats in rheum group(76%) was higher than that in CLP group(48%)(P0.05).At 24 hours and 48 hours after modeling, serum HMGB1 levels were significantly lower in rheum group than those in CLP group(P<0.05).Compared with sham group, protein levels of HMGB1, RAGE and NF-κB in small intestine were elevated in CLP group and rheum group at 48 hours after modeling(P<0.01), while protein levels of above biomarker were higher in CLP group than those in rheum group(P<0.05).Conclusions Rheum sterile solution could down-regulate the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulate the inflammatory response, and improve the survival rate in rats with sepsis.

A study on effect of vaporized perfluorocarbon combined with exogenous surfactant inhalation on rabbit models of acute lung injury / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To observe the effects of vaporized perfluorocarbon (PFC) combined with exogenous pulmonary surfactant (PS) inhalation on rabbit models of acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: ALI group, combination treatment group, PFC group, and PS group (each groupn = 8 rabbits). The rabbit model of ALI was induced by the whole lung normal saline lavage. After modeling, in the combined group, 3 mL/kg vaporized perfluorooctyl bromide/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (PFOB/DPPC) emulsion was inhaled, the rabbits in PFC and PS groups were treated with vaporized PFOB emulsion and vaporized DPPC emulsion 3 mL/kg inhalation respectively, and in the ALI group was given the same amount of vaporized normal saline inhalation. In each group, before modeling for 30 minutes (basic value), after modeling for 1 hour and after treatment at 0 minute, 30 minutes, 2 hours, 4 hours, the respiratory rate (RR), oxygenation index (OI), dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were observed, and the lung coefficient (LI) and lung permeability index (LPI) were calculated; the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the lung tissue was collected and the lung pathological changes were observed under macroscopic and microscopic observation.Results Aftermodeling, the levels of OI, Cdyn were quickly lowered, RR became significantly elevated, and there were obvious edema, hemorrhage and exudation in lung tissue of ALI group. The levels of OI were significantly increased in combined group and PFC group compared with the level in ALI group after treatment at 0 minute initially [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 231.0±16.7, 221.4±19.0 vs. 189.5±21.0, both P < 0.05], while the level of OI in PS group was increased significantly until 4 hours after treatment, being higher than that in ALI group (mmHg: 297.0±20.7 vs. 243.3±36.7,P < 0.05); RR was decreased significantly in combined treatment group at 30 minutes after treatment compared with that in ALI group (bpm: 151.1±13.3 vs. 178.5±32.0,P < 0.05), while the RR in PFC group and PS group were not increased significantly until 4 hours after treatment being higher than that in ALI group (bpm: 129.3±14.3, 133.1±13.9 vs. 157.5±32.5, bothP < 0.05). Compared to ALI group, the three treatment groups resulted in significant improvement in Cdyn right at 0 minute (mL/cmH2O: 1.64±0.10, 1.45±0.10, 1.43±0.09 vs. 0.57±0.05, allP < 0.05), their LPI, LI and inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased [LPI (×10-5): 4.21±0.42, 4.76±0.55, 4.87±0.49 vs. 5.56±0.52, LI: 8.04±0.58, 8.90±0.88, 9.22±0.71 vs. 10.85±0.73, TNF-α (ng/L): 50.05±4.91, 56.18±5.54, 63.60±5.96 vs. 73.60±5.27, IL-1β (ng/L): 34.27±4.55, 40.29±5.03, 48.13±6.38 vs. 54.71±4.26, allP<0.05], and pulmonary edema, congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration were obviously ameliorated (pathological scores: 3.74±0.58, 4.50±0.75, 5.29±0.72 vs. 6.13±0.72, P < 0.05). Cdyn levels were increased significantly in combined treatment group at 0 minute, 30 minutes, 4 hours after treatment compared with thosein PFC and PS group, but there were no significant differences between PFC and PS group. Levels of LI, LPI, inflammatory factors and pathological scores were decreased significantly in combined treatment group compared with those in PFC and PS group, the degrees of improvement of inflammatory factors and pathological scores in PFC group were more obvious than those in PS group (allP < 0.05).Conclusions PFOB combined with DPPC inhalation can provide greater oxygen delivery, reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokines, supplement PS and influence its distribution on the surface of lung, which might lead to a marked and sustained improvement in oxygenation, pulmonary function and amelioration of lung edema and inflammatory reaction in saline lavage induced lung injury of rabbits.

Simultaneous determination of fourteen constituents in Yangxue Qingnao Granules by LC-MS/MS / 中成药

AIM To establish an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of paeoniflorin,albiflorin,neochlorogenic acid,chlororogenic acid,catechin,epicatechin,ethyl gallate,danshensu,ferulic acid,caffeic acid,gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,protocatechualdehyde and rosmarinic acid in Yangxue Qingnao Granules (Angelicae sinensis Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Alba,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 20 ℃ thermostatic Waters Symmetry Shield RP C18 column (3.9 mm × 150 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1％ formic acid) flowing at 0.4 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Fourteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges,whose average recoveries were 85.5％-107.0％ with the RSDs of 2.0％-5.0％.CONCLUSION This simple,sensitive,accurate and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Yangxue Qingnao Granules.

Effects of phytosterol ester on aortic aging and expression of related genes in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To explore the protective effect of phytosterol ester (PSE) on aortic aging in rats.ME-THODS: The female SD rats (12 months old, n=42) were randomly divided into control group, model group and PSE group.During the experiment, the rats in control group, model group and PSE group were treated with basic feed, high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD with 2% PSE (W/W) for 6 months, respectively.The morphological changes of the aorta were observed by HE staining and Masson staining, and the absolute area of smooth muscle cells and collagen fiber in the vascular wall were measured by image analysis.The levels of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the plasma were detected.The expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at mRNA and protein levels in the vascular tissue was determined by real time PCR and Western blot, respectively.RESULTS: PSE significantly lowered plasma TC and LDL-C, and increased plasma HDL-C level (P<0.05), but had no effect on plasma TG level.PSE significantly attenuated the thickening of intima and media of aging aortic, and decreased the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and the amount of VSMC and collagen fiber in the aorta (P<0.05).PSE significantly reduced the contents of AGEs and MDA (P<0.05), but had no effect on the activity of SOD and CAT in the plasma.PSE also down-regulated the expression of PPARγ and up-regulated the expression of SIRT1 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: PSE is able to attenuate the senescence process in the aorta by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in plasma, and activating SIRT1, or inhibiting the expression of PPARγ in vascular tissues.

Epidemiology of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury in ICU / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (TCSCI) in ICU.Method The data of patients with TCSCI admitted from October 2010 to March 2016 in the intensive care unit were retrospectively studied.The general epidemiological data included:gender,age,marital status,occupation,cause of injury,injury severity,injured segment (ASIA grade),and complications were collected.Results There were 109 patients identified to have TCSCI with mean age of 53.72 ± 14.86 years (25.69％ patients in the range of 60-69 years old).The male to female ratio was 9:1,and the most were married.The majority of individuals were retired (30.27％),and the main causes of injury were traffic accidents and tumble.The C5 segment of the spine was the most vulnerable to be injured,and then the C4 segment was the nest in turn.There were up to 30.28％ patients suffered from multiple injuries,and 26.61％ patients also had a craniocerebral injury.Bedsore and respiratory system complications were the two leading complications,and 83 patients suffered from at least one system dysfunction with respiratory dysfunction accounted for 98.79％ and circulatory dysfunction accounted for 65.06％.Fifty-one patients presented more than two system dysfunctions (46.79％).Twenty patients (18.35％) died.Conclusion Patients with TCSCI in ICU presented specially characteristic features.Traffic accidents were the main cause of TCSCI,and fall accidents were one of the main causes in the elderly.The mortality of TCSCI was high,especially in males.The complication rate was relatively high and the most common complications were water and electrolyte disturbance and respiratory dysfunction.Multiple organ dysfunction incidences might be associated with the ASIA grades.

Prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae (CRKP) and the Distribution of Class 1 Integron in Their Strains Isolated from a Hospital in Central China / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective The aim of our study is to investigate the prevalence of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and the genetic characteristics of the class 1 integron in CRKP on multi-drug resistance.Methods Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were collected from multiple departments of a hospital in central China. CRKP strains were identified among the isolates, and antibiotics susceptibility of CRKP strains was analyzed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was adopted to amplify the class 1 integron variable area. The integron genetic structure was analyzed with enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing technology. The relation between class 1 integron and drug resistance was analyzed statistically.Results Totally 955 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from varied sites of the hospital, and 117(12.3%) of them were identified as CRKP, with a separation rate of 8.9% (26/292) in 2013, 11.3% (38/336) in 2014 and 16.2% (53/327) in 2015, which shows an increasing trend by year. 44.4% (52/117) of CRKP strains were separated from specimen of ICU, and 61.5% (72/117) were from sputum. Over 95% CRKP strains were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidme, cefotaxime, cefepime,and piperacillin, while relatively low resistant rates were found in tigecycline (12.8%) and colistin (35.9%). The class 1 integron was detected in 77.8% (91/117) of CRKP strains. Class 1 integron of CRKP was significantly correlated with the antibiotic resistance to the tobramycin, gentamicin and amikacin (all P<0.01). The gene cassette analysis of variable area of class 1 integron showed that aadA2 accounts for 64.8% (59/91), aacA4-catB8-aadA1 23.1% (21/91), and aadA2-dfrA25 12.1% (11/91).Conclusions CRKP has an increasing trend in a clinical setting in China, and most of them were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Class 1 integron in CRKP has strong ability to capture the genes resistant to aminoglycosides antibiotics from environment, with the aadA2 gene as the most popular one.

Phytosterols and Dementia.

As the aging of the world's population is becoming increasingly serious, dementia-related diseases have become a hot topic in public health research. In recent years, human epidemiological studies have focused on lipid metabolism disorders and dementia. The efficacy of phytosterol intake as a cholesterol-lowering agent has been demonstrated. Phytosterols directly serve as ligands of the nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), activating Sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), which are involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of dementia. Moreover, phytosterols mediate cell and membrane cholesterol efflux or beta amyloid (Aß) metabolism, which have preventative and therapeutic effects on dementia. Additionally, incorporation of plant sterols in lipid rafts can effectively reduce dietary fat and alter the dietary composition of fiber, fat and cholesterol to regulate appetite and calories. Overall, the objectives of this review are to explore whether phytosterols are a potentially effective target for the prevention of dementia and to discuss a possible molecular mechanism by which phytosterols play a role in the pathogenesis of dementia via the PPARs-SIRT-1 pathway.

CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory cells in predicting the prognoses of patients with sepsis / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective We aimed to evaluate the role of CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory cells in predicting the prognoses of patients with sepsis.Methods Patients with sepsis in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from December 2013 to April 2014 were identified and grouped into survival group (SG,n =19) and death group (DG,n =9) in accordance with their clinical outcomes.CD4 + CD25 +T regulatory cell ratio,C-replication protein,bilirubin,procalcitonin,and coagulation function were tested on the 1st day and 7th day,and APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA were analyzed to assess the predictability of this group of cells.Results Twentyeight patients were identified,with a mean age of (60.36 ± 15.30) years,a mean APACHE Ⅱ score of (16.68±7.00),and a mean SOFA score of (7.18 ±3.78).Twelve (42.9％) of the individuals were accompanied with severe multiple trauma,and 10 (35.7％) were in septic shock,and 9 (32.2％) died of severe sepsis.The first day CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory cell ratios on the first day were 2.10％ (0.80,3.10)％ (SG) vs.1.80％ (1.15,3.65)％ (DG) (Z=-0.148,P=0.883),andonday7 were 0.90％ (0.30,2.80)％ (SG) vs.5.70％ (2.60,8.30)％ (DG) (Z=-2.905,P=0.004) presented significant predictability.Conclusions Dynamic monitoring of CD4 + CD25 + T regulatory cells could predict the prognoses of patients with sepsis and should be generalized in clinical emergency practice.

Dynamic fabrication of tissue-engineered bone substitutes based on derived cancellous bone scaffold in a spinner flask bioreactor system.

The in vitro dynamic fabrications of tissue-engineered bones were performed to assess the advantages of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) combined with acellular cancellous bone scaffold coming from fresh pig femur in a spinner flask compared with traditional static culture. In this study, the bio-derived cancellous bone was regarded as a biomimetic scaffold, and its surface appearance was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, its modulus of elasticity and chemical composition were measured with universal testing machine (UTM) and infrared detector, respectively. hADSCs were inoculated into cancellous bone scaffold at a density of 1 × 10(6) cells/mL and cultured in spinner flask and T-flask with osteogenic medium (OM) for 2 weeks, respectively. Following to this, the osteogenic differentiation was qualitatively and quantitatively detected with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kits, and the cell growth and viability were assayed using Live/Dead staining; cell adhesion and extracellular matrix secretion were observed under a SEM. The average pore size of cancellous bone scaffold was 284.5 ± 83.62 µm, the elasticity modulus was 41.27 ± 15.63 MPa, and it also showed excellent biocompatibility. The hADSCs with multidifferentiation potentials were well proliferated, could grow to 90 % fusion within 5 days, and were therefore suitable to use as seed cells in the construction of tissue-engineered bones. After 2 weeks of fabrication, cells were well-distributed on scaffolds, and these scaffolds still remained intact. Compared to static environment, the ALP expression, cell distribution, and extracellular matrix secretion on cancellous bones in spinner flask were much better. It confirmed that three-dimensional dynamic culture in spinner flask promoted ADSC osteogenic differentiation, proliferation, and matrix secretion significantly to make for the fabrication of engineered bone substitutes.

Endoscopic detection rate and screening research of colorectal cancer / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the detection rate of colorectal cancer by endoscopic,and study the value of digital rectal examination,fecal occult blood test,tumor markers examination,painless colonoscopy in colorectal cancer screening.Methods The data of 2 167 colonoscopy patients were retrospectively analyzed from January 2010 to December 2013.All the patients accomplished the digital rectal examination,fecal occult blood test,tumor markers examination before colonoscopy,the results were compared with pathology and surgical results.Results There was no statistical difference in the ratio of male and female in the year 2010-2013 (x2 =3.640 5,P ＞ 0.05).The detection rates of rectal adenoma in the year 2010-2013 were 4.762％ (25/525),8.180％ (40/489),8.276％ (48/580) and 8.028％ (46/573),there were no statistical differences (x2 =6.785 7,P ＞ 0.05).The detection rates of colorectal cancer in the year 2010-2013 were 12.571％ (66/525),11.656％ (57/489),13.448％ (78/580) and 10.820％ (62/573),there were statistical differences (x2 =2.065 7,P ＞ 0.05).The colorectal cancer accounts for the percentage of positive results of colonoscopy in the year 2010-2013 were 72.527％ (66/91),58.763％ (57/97),61.905％(78/126) and 57.407 ％ (62/108),there were statistical differences (x2 =5.679 8,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The detection rates of colorectal cancer are stable in the year 2010-2013.Combined with digital rectal examination,fecal occult blood test and tumor markers examination is the value of screening colonoscopy population,enhancing the pertinence,thus improving the colorectal cancer early diagnosis and early treatment levels.

Treatment of auricular keloids with surgery and intralesional injection of compound betamethasone / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the treatment of auricular keloid with dinuclear surgery and intralesional injection of compound Betamethasone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Jan. 2008 to Jan. 2012, a total of 186 cases of ear keloid were treated by surgery only (22 cases), or intralesional injection of compound Betamethasone (34 cases), or combined dinuclear surgery with compound Betamethasone (130 cases). All the patients were followed up for one year. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical processing and analysis, and GraphPad inspection method for inspection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effective rate was 54.55% (12/ 22) in surgery group and 55.88% (19/34)in injection group. The recurrence was obvious in injection group during the follow-up period. The effective rate was as high as 96.92% (126/130) in combined group with recurrence in 4 cases, which was significantly higher than that in other 2 groups (P < 0. 01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined dinuclear surgery and compound Betamethasone injection has a good therapeutic effect on auricular keloids.</p>

Value of critical care medicine scoring systems and procalcitonin in evaluation of severe multiple trauma / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To compare the value of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ ),sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and procalcitonin (PCT) in assessment of severe multiple trauma. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on clinical data of patients with severe multiple trauma who were admitted to ICU from July 1 st 2010 to October 31 st 2011.PCT detection,APECHE Ⅱ and SOFA scoring were routinely performed for all the patients within 24 hours,and were performed again one week later for the patients who were complicated with sepsis within one week.Results The score of APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA in septic shock group was higher than that in severe septic and septic groups (P ＜0.01 ),while PCT level among septic,severe septic and septic shock groups had no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).To determine the predicting accuracy of APECHE Ⅱ score,SOFA score and PCT,receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was constructed.The areas under the curve (AUC) for APECHE Ⅱ score,SOFA score and PCT in predicting the emergence of sepsis on admission was 0.615,0.663 and 0.160 respectively.AUC for APECHE Ⅱ score,SOFA score and PCT in predicting the occurrence of death among the severe multiple trauma patients on admission was 0.576,0.571 and 0.619 respectively.AUC for APECHE Ⅱ,SOFA and PCT in predicting the death of patients complicated with sepsis at one week after admission was 0.746,0.837 and 0.600 respectively. Conclusions Among the APACHE Ⅱ score,SOFA score and PCT,APACHE Ⅱ and SOFA score are better than PCT in assessing the infection severity of sepsis.SOFA score is the best in predicting the occurrence of sepsis,while PCT is the worst.PCT is the best in predicting the occurrence of death of severe multiple trauma patients,while SOFA score is the worst.SOFA score is better than APACHE Ⅱ score and PCT in predicting the occurrence of death of the patients complicated with sepsis.