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Objective To understand characteristics and research status of literatures related to surgical site infec-tion(SSI)in China.Methods Literatures about SSI published between January 2000 and March 2016 were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP database,Vanfang Database,and China Biology Medi-cine(CBM)database. Bibliometric method was adopted to analyze external and internal characteristics of literatures. Results A total of 1036 articles in Chinese were included,40(3.86% ),189(18.24% ),and 807(77.90% )were published in 2000-2005,2006-2010,and the first quarter of 2011-2016 respectively. Articles were mainly pub-lishedinChineseJournalofNosocomiology(n= 226,21.81% ),ChineseJournalofInfectionControl(n= 53, 5.12% ),andChineseJournalofDisinfection(n= 27,2.61% ). The research fields included risk factors(n= 277, 26.74% ),infection rates (n= 261,25.19% ),antimicrobial application (n= 208,20.08% ),and pathogens (n=153,14.77% );the infection rates were higher in general surgery and neurosurgery,the main pathogens were Esch-erichiacoli,Staphylococcusaureus,and Pseudomonasaeruginosa,risk factors mainly included the types of incision, duration of surgery,diabetes,age,and body mass index.Conclusion In recent years,articles about SSI research in-creases significantly,research in etiology and epidemiology has gained substantial achievement,but in the interven-tion and economics is still weak,suggesting that SSI research in economics,risk management,and behavioral aspects should be strengthened.
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Objective To investigate the change in distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) in an intensive care unit(ICU),and provide basis for rational use of antimicrobial agents in the clinical practice.Methods Using retrospective investigation study,data about pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients who were hospitalized in ICU in 2010-2014 were collected,distribution and antimicrobial resistance of AB were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 3 807 bacterial strains were isolated from ICU patients in 2010-2014,488 (12.82％) of which were AB,isolation rate increased from 6.94％ in 2010 to 17.33％ in 2014 (x2 =45.58,P＜0.01).AB was mainly isolated from sputum,accounting for 72.13％,followed by wound secretion,blood,catheter,urine and so on;AB had the lowest resistance rate to amikacin(＜30 ％),resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem increased significantly year by year (value of trend x2 test were 42.99 and 53.91 respectively,both P＜0.001);resistance rates of AB to other antimicrobial agents were all＞50％.Conclusion Detection rate and antimicrobial resistance rate of AB increased year by year,clinical surveillance on bacterial resistance should be paid more attention,patients should be isolated by effective measures,so as to control and prevent the prevalence of AB in ICU.
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Objective To establish a risk warning model for surgical site infection(SSI), provide support for screening high risk population and finding suspected cases.Methods Clinical data of 5 067 patients who underwent abdominal surgery in 6 domestic hospitals from January 2013 to December 2015 were collected retrospectively, all cases were randomly divided into modeling group and validation group according to a 6:4 ratio, warning model was established by employing logistic regression, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate discriminant ability of evaluation model, the maximum Youden index was as the optimum cut-off point.Results For the warning model of high-risk patients, AUC was 0.823, sensitivity and specificity were 78.81% and 74.33% respectively, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 19.67% and 97.78% respectively.For the discriminant model of suspected infection cases, AUC was 0.978, sensitivity and specificity were 93.38% and 95.62% respectively, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 62.95% and 99.45% respectively.Conclusion The early-warning model established in this study has better discrimination ability, which can provide a reference for the development of early warning and discrimination of healthcare-associated infection information system.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore common biological pathways for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and low birth weight (LBW).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thei-Gsea4GwasV2 software was used to analyze the result of genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) for LBW (pathways were derived from Reactome), and nominally significant (P< 0.05, FDR< 0.25) pathways were tested for replication in ADHD.Significant pathways were analyzed with DAPPLE and Reatome FI software to identify genes involved in such pathways, with each cluster enriched with the gene ontology (GO). The Centiscape2.0 software was used to calculate the degree of genetic networks and the betweenness value to explore the core node (gene). Weighed gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was then used to explore the co-expression of genes in these pathways.With gene expression data derived from BrainSpan, GO enrichment was carried out for each gene module.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven significant biological pathways was identified in association with LBW, among which two (Selenoamino acid metabolism and Diseases associated with glycosaminoglycan metabolism) were replicated during subsequent ADHD analysis. Network analysis of 130 genes in these pathways revealed that some of the sub-networksare related with morphology of cerebellum, development of hippocampus, and plasticity of synaptic structure. Upon co-expression network analysis, 120 genes passed the quality control and were found to express in 3 gene modules. These modules are mainly related to the regulation of synaptic structure and activity regulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ADHD and LBW share some biological regulation processes. Anomalies of such proces sesmay predispose to ADHD.</p>
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Humans , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Genetics , Gene Ontology , Gene Regulatory Networks , Genome-Wide Association Study , Infant, Low Birth WeightABSTRACT
The PICC application in tumor chemotherapy patients has the advantages of simple operation, long time of implanting catheter, small pain and protect vein. They can ensure the chemotherapy smoothly, and further promotion in the clinical application, but when the patients took the tube back, the complications increased significantly. Health education is the mail channel for patient and family to get the major way to maintain PICC knowledge and skills. Through literature review of PICC health education at home and abroad, in our country, according to the present situation of PICC health education, the health education model, method and effect evaluation were summarized and looked for the problems in the present education of PICC health education. It can provide a basis for exploring new pattern of health education for improving the sevice life of the catheter and the patients’ life quality.
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Objective To investigate the current status of preoperative skin preparation in abdominal surgery in China,and put forward suggestions for improvement.Methods From April to May,2016,187 secondary and above hospitals in China were selected,questionnaires were used to investigate the methods for hair removal,skin disinfection on operative field,and application of surgical adhesive drape in abdominal surgery.Results A total of 187 hospitals in 14 provinces were investigated,of which 108 and 79 were tertiary and secondary hospitals respec-tively.87.70% of hospitals performed conventional preoperative hair removal in abdominal surgery,the percentage of conventional depilation in secondary hospitals was higher than tertiary hospitals(93.67% vs 83.33%,χ2 =4.520,P =0.033).85.98% of hospitals selected blade-shaving,7.93% and 23.78% applied chemical depilation and electric depilation respectively.Most hospitals (98.17%)performed skin preparation in the wards,mainly by ward nurses (98.17%),and conducted on the day of surgery (56.10%).86.63%,29.95%,and 3.74% of hospi-tals used iodophor,iodine plus alcohol,and chlorhexidine respectively for disinfecting skin on operative field. 92.51% of hospitals used skin incision/surgical adhesive drape (74.57% used selectively).Conclusion Most hos-pitals in China conventionally perform preoperative hair removal in abdominal surgery,and the primary method for depilation is blade-shaving,nearly half of the hospitals performed depilation on the day of surgery.Iodophor is the major skin antiseptic,surgical adhesive drape is widely used,but it is utilized in limited types of surgery.
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Objective To evaluated the impact of obesity on surgical site infection (SSI)following colorectal cancer surgery.Methods A total of 215 patients undergoing radical surgery for colorectal cancer in a hospital be-tween January 2008 and December 2013 were investigated retrospectively,100 patients were with body mass index (BMI)≥25 kg/m2 (obesity group)and 115 patients with BMI60 mL,58(58.00%)patients’duration of surgery was >220 min ,20 (20.00%)of whom developed postoperative SSI;in normal weight group,30(26.09%)patients had intra-operative blood loss of >60 mL,20(17.39%)patients’duration of surgery was >220 min,8(6.96%)of whom developed postoperative SSI.Intra-operative blood loss and incidence of SSI in obesity group were both signif-icantly higher than normal weight group,duration of surgery and postoperative length of hospital stay were both longer than normal weight group(both P <0.05).Conclusion Incidence of SSI in colorectal cancer patients is high. Obesity,long duration of surgery,and more bleeding are high risk factors for SSI in colorectal cancer patients.
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In view of risk characteristics of surgical site infection,the risk factors of the infection were graded and classified while the risk indicators system and risk assessment matrix for surgical site infection were built,based on literature analysis,integrated use of documents analysis,Delphi method and risk quantification matrix.The study indicated that surgical skills of the surgeon and surgical time length are the most important risk factors,followed by insufficient maintenance of the operating room environment and poor baseline assessment of the patient.Risk control of surgical site infection needs to focus on these key factors,optimize utilization of resources and improve the prevention and control ability of surgical site infection.
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Objective To investigate the effect of systematic training on the enhancement of knowledge and behavior on tumor-free technology among newly-employed nurses in operation room.Methods Fifteen nurses newly-employed for the operating room of the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College were trained with theory teaching,techniques training and nursing rounds. The test on non-tumor knowledge and questionnaire on beliefs and behaviors were used to assess the post-training effects.Result The scores on tumor-free knowledge,beliefs and tumor-free behaviors were all significantly improved compared with pre-training (P<0.01). Conclusion Systematic training of tumor-free technology may improve the mastery of tumor-free knowledge and skills and thus form a good tumor-free concept so that they can keep tumor-free techonology in practice.
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Objective To analyze and approach the optimizing of ELISA assay for HBV serum markers.Methods To compare the critical value rate of flushing with distilled water,flushing with cleaning tap water and flushing without anything.Results The HBsAg critical value rates of flushing with distilled water,flushing with cleaning tap water and flushing without anything were 0.52%,2.60% and 5.56%.The HBsAb critical value rates of flushing with distilled water,flushing with cleaning tap water and flushing without anything were 5.52%,8.02% and 14.86%.The HBeAg critical value rate of flushing with distilled water,flush-ing with cleaning tap water and flushing without anything were 2.82%,2.92%and 3.55%.Conclusion Flushing with distilled wa-ter or flushing with cleaning tap water can reduce the high critical value rate because of enzyme or developer pollution.Flushing with distilled water exhibits more efficacy than flushing with cleaning tap water.
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In this paper, the fluorogenic property of vindoline was exploited and, as a probe, used to analyze the interaction of vindoline with HSA by fluorescence and absorption spectra in combination with molecular modeling under a simulated physiological conditions. The evidences from synchronous fluorescence and absorption spectroscopes showed the effect of vindoline on the microenvironment around HSA in aqueous solution. Data obtained by the fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that binding of vindoline with HSA leads to dramatic enhancement of the fluorescence emission intensity. The binding constants and the number of binding sites between vindoline and HSA at different temperatures (303, 310 and 317 K) were calculated according to the data obtained from fluorescence titration. Molecular docking was performed to reveal the possible binding mode or mechanism and suggested that vindoline can bind strongly to HSA. It is considered that vindoline binds to HSA mainly by a hydrophobic interaction and there are four hydrogen bonds interactions between the drug and the residues Ala291, Arg222, Arg218 and Lys195, separately. Fluorescent displacement measurements confirmed that vindoline bind HSA on site II. The thermodynamic parameters obtained (the enthalpy change deltaH0 and the entropy change deltaS0 were calculated to be -10.30 kJ x mol(-1) and 79.98 J x mol(-1) x K(-1), respectively, according to the Van't Hoff equation) suggested that hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction is the predominant intermolecular forces stabilizing the complex.
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To study the effect of compressible limb sleeve system on tumefaction of limbs and recurrence of thrombus in patients underwent venous thrombectomy of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Sixty-two patients underwent venous thrombectomy of DVT between September 2004 and July 2005 were selected from Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, and then were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. Patients in the control group were given usual care after the surgery, while patients in the experimental group were treated by compressible limb sleeve system based on usual care (once a day and 30 minutes each time. 14 days were taken as one course, and there were totally 2 courses). The circumference, recurrence rate of thrombus and warmth sensation of affected limb were observed before and after the treatment in both groups. Detection at 28 days after the treatment showed that the circumference of patients in the experimental group decreased, and the score of warmth sensation decreased. There were significant differences in comparison with those in the control group before the treatment (P
