Humeral fracture repair using a robust fixation in an adult Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): case report / [Reparo de fratura umeral usando uma fixação robusta em um tamanduá-bandeira adulto (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): relato de caso]

The treatment of fractures from the thoracic limb in giant anteaters is extremely challenging. Unfamiliar and peculiar anatomical characteristics, robust musculature and the imminent need for an early return to limb function highlight such challenges. The objective of this report was to describe the successful use of anatomical osteosynthesis with a robust locking compression plate in a humeral fracture of an adult giant anteater. The patient was rescued on the highway after being run over and presented for treatment at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Surgical stabilization was performed using a craniomedial approach to the humerus, using a customized broad 3.5mm locking compression plate. The patient presented early limb support at 24 hours postoperatively. Radiographic monitoring was performed at 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively, and bone healing was observed without any complications. It is concluded that the treatment of humerus fractures in giant anteaters requires robust fixation. The use of a reinforced locking compression plate system proved to be effective and adequate to the mechanical load that an adult individual of this species needs for early use of the thoracic limb and, at the same time, efficient in controlling interfragmentary movement, which allowed fracture consolidation.(AU)

O tratamento das fraturas do membro torácico dos tamanduás-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) é extremamente desafiador. Características anatômicas pouco familiares e peculiares, musculatura muito desenvolvida e necessidade iminente de retorno precoce à função do membro destacam tais desafios. Objetivou-se, neste relato, descrever a utilização com sucesso da osteossíntese anatômica com placa bloqueada robusta em fratura umeral de um tamanduá-bandeira. O paciente foi resgatado em rodovia após atropelamento e atendido no Hospital Veterinário Universitário. Após sedação e avaliação física completa, foi realizado exame radiográfico, o qual revelou fratura completa oblíqua curta em diáfise média de úmero esquerdo. A estabilização cirúrgica foi realizada por abordagem craniomedial ao úmero, utilizando-se placa bloqueada (LCP) do sistema 3,5mm customizada. O paciente apresentou apoio precoce do membro com 24 horas de pós-operatório. Realizou-se acompanhamento radiográfico aos 30, 60 e 90 dias, sendo observada união clínica sem quaisquer complicações. Conclui-se que o tratamento das fraturas do úmero em tamanduás-bandeira exige robustez na fixação. A utilização de sistema reforçado de placa bloqueada mostrou-se efetiva e adequada à carga mecânica de que um indivíduo adulto dessa espécie necessita para uso precoce do membro torácico e, ao mesmo tempo, eficiente no controle da movimentação interfragmentária, o qual permitiu consolidação da fratura.(AU)

Ultrasound evaluation of female reproductive system in free ranging Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): case report / Avaliação ultrassonográfica do sistema reprodutor feminino em tamanduá-bandeira de vida livre (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): relato de caso

An adult, female, 31kg body weight, free range Myrmecophaga tridactyla was referred for medical consultation due to apathy, dehydration, intense flatulence and fetid stools. The animal was submitted to chemical restraint and physical examination, blood count, fecal analysis, and vaginal cytology and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. Good nutritional status and clinical variables within the normal range were observed at physical examination. At vaginal cytology leukocytes, spermatozoa and a large proportion of cornified cells (superficial) were observed, indicating estrus and recent copula. At ultrasound examination it was possible to locate, identify, evaluate and measure the ovaries and the uterine structures, cervix, body, lumen, myometrium and endometrium, a fact never reported in the literature for this species. These data can be used as reference for clinical evaluation of the reproductive tract in Myrmecophaga tridactyla females considered vulnerable species, for the diagnosis of reproductive pathologies, biotechnologies application or estrous cycle evaluation.(AU)

Uma fêmea, com 31kg de peso corporal, de Myrmecophaga tridactyla, de vida livre, foi apresentada para consulta médica em razão de apatia, desidratação, flatulência intensa e fezes fétidas. O animal foi submetido à contenção química e foram realizados exame físico, hemograma, análise fecal, citologia vaginal e ultrassonografia abdominal. Ao exame físico, foi determinado bom estado nutricional e variáveis clínicas dentro da faixa de normalidade. Na citologia vaginal, foram observados leucócitos, espermatozoides e uma grande proporção de células cornificadas (superficiais), indicando estro e cópula recente. No exame ultrassonográfico, foi possível localizar, identificar, avaliar e mensurar os ovários e as estruturas uterinas, o colo do útero, o corpo do útero, o lúmen, o miométrio e o endométrio, fato nunca relatado na literatura para essa espécie. Esses dados podem ser utilizados como referência para avaliação clínica do trato reprodutivo de fêmeas de Myrmecophaga tridactyla considerada espécie vulnerável, para o diagnóstico de patologias reprodutivas, aplicação de biotecnologias ou avaliação do ciclo estral.(AU)

Ultrasound evaluation of female reproductive system in free ranging Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): case report / Avaliação ultrassonográfica do sistema reprodutor feminino em tamanduá-bandeira de vida livre (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): relato de caso

An adult, female, 31kg body weight, free range Myrmecophaga tridactyla was referred for medical consultation due to apathy, dehydration, intense flatulence and fetid stools. The animal was submitted to chemical restraint and physical examination, blood count, fecal analysis, and vaginal cytology and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. Good nutritional status and clinical variables within the normal range were observed at physical examination. At vaginal cytology leukocytes, spermatozoa and a large proportion of cornified cells (superficial) were observed, indicating estrus and recent copula. At ultrasound examination it was possible to locate, identify, evaluate and measure the ovaries and the uterine structures, cervix, body, lumen, myometrium and endometrium, a fact never reported in the literature for this species. These data can be used as reference for clinical evaluation of the reproductive tract in Myrmecophaga tridactyla females considered vulnerable species, for the diagnosis of reproductive pathologies, biotechnologies application or estrous cycle evaluation.(AU)

Uma fêmea, com 31kg de peso corporal, de Myrmecophaga tridactyla, de vida livre, foi apresentada para consulta médica em razão de apatia, desidratação, flatulência intensa e fezes fétidas. O animal foi submetido à contenção química e foram realizados exame físico, hemograma, análise fecal, citologia vaginal e ultrassonografia abdominal. Ao exame físico, foi determinado bom estado nutricional e variáveis clínicas dentro da faixa de normalidade. Na citologia vaginal, foram observados leucócitos, espermatozoides e uma grande proporção de células cornificadas (superficiais), indicando estro e cópula recente. No exame ultrassonográfico, foi possível localizar, identificar, avaliar e mensurar os ovários e as estruturas uterinas, o colo do útero, o corpo do útero, o lúmen, o miométrio e o endométrio, fato nunca relatado na literatura para essa espécie. Esses dados podem ser utilizados como referência para avaliação clínica do trato reprodutivo de fêmeas de Myrmecophaga tridactyla considerada espécie vulnerável, para o diagnóstico de patologias reprodutivas, aplicação de biotecnologias ou avaliação do ciclo estral.(AU)

Evidence and molecular characterization of Bartonella spp. and hemoplasmas in neotropical bats in Brazil.

The order Chiroptera is considered the second largest group of mammals in the world, hosting important zoonotic virus and bacteria. Bartonella and hemotropic mycoplasmas are bacteria that parasite different mammals' species, including humans, causing different clinical manifestations. The present work aimed investigating the occurrence and assessing the phylogenetic positioning of Bartonella spp. and Mycoplasma spp. in neotropical bats sampled from Brazil. Between December 2015 and April 2016, 325 blood and/or tissues samples were collected from 162 bats comprising 19 different species sampled in five states of Brazil. Out of 322 bat samples collected, while 17 (5·28%) were positive to quantitative PCR for Bartonella spp. based on nuoG gene, 45 samples (13·97%) were positive to cPCR assays for hemoplasmas based on 16S rRNA gene. While seven sequences were obtained for Bartonella (nuoG) (n = 3), gltA (n = 2), rpoB (n = 1), ftsZ (n = 1), five 16S rRNA sequences were obtained for hemoplasmas. In the phylogenetic analysis, the Bartonella sequences clustered with Bartonella genotypes detected in bats sampled in Latin America countries. All five hemoplasmas sequences clustered together as a monophyletic group by Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses. The present work showed the first evidence of circulation of Bartonella spp. and hemoplasmas among bats in Brazil.

Detection of Leptospira spp. in wild Phrynops geoffroanus (Geoffroy's side-necked turtle) in urban environment.

Leptospira spp., a zoonotic agent relevant for public health, occurs frequently in tropical regions. The aquatic environment represents a viable survival and transmission pathway. This study aimed to investigate the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in Phrynops geoffroanus (Geoffroy's side-necked turtle) serum samples using the microagglutination test (MAT), and Leptospira spp. in gastric and cloacal lavage samples using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Antibodies against nine different Leptospira spp. serovars were detected in 45.45% (30/66) of the serum samples. Specific amplification of Leptospira spp. genomic material (331bp) was observed in 16.67% (11/66) of the samples. In conclusion, these freshwater testudines host Leptospira spp. and eliminate them. This situation may represent a risk to public health, especially to people who use urban streams for fishing and recreational activities. Additionally, we described some Leptospira spp. serovars, not yet reported in testudines, detected here in P. geoffroanus.

Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Brazilian wildlife revealed abundant new genotypes.

This study aimed to isolate and genotype T. gondii from Brazilian wildlife. For this purpose, 226 samples were submitted to mice bioassay and screened by PCR based on 18S rRNA sequences. A total of 15 T. gondii isolates were obtained, including samples from four armadillos (three Dasypus novemcinctus, one Euphractus sexcinctus), three collared anteaters (Tamandua tetradactyla), three whited-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari), one spotted paca (Cuniculus paca), one oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus), one hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus), one lineated woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus) and one maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). DNA from the isolates, originated from mice bioassay, and from the tissues of the wild animal, designated as "primary samples", were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP), using 12 genetic markers (SAG1, SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L258, PK1, CS3 and Apico). A total of 17 genotypes were identified, with 13 identified for the first time and four already reported in published literature. Results herein obtained corroborate previous studies in Brazil, confirming high diversity and revealing unique genotypes in this region. Given most of genotypes here identified are different from previous studies in domestic animals, future studies on T. gondii from wildlife is of interest to understand population genetics and structure of this parasite.

Experimental infection of one-day-old chicks with Salmonella Serotypes Previously isolated from poultry facilities, wild birds, and swine

In order to maintain the high production and export rates achieved by the Brazilian poultry industry, it is necessary to prevent and control certain disease agents, such as Salmonella spp. Using bacterial cultures, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in specimens collected from broiler facilities. Local wild birds were also sampled, as well as the feces of swine housed on the poultry farm. After sample collection, the isolated serotypes were subsequently inoculated into broiler chicks to determine their effects. Positive samples were collected from the following locations in the poultry facilities: poultry litter (S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Heidelberg; S. Infantis), broiler feces (S. Heidelberg; S. serotype 6,7:R:-; S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Tennessee), water (S. Glostrup; S. serotype 6,8:d:-;), and lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) found in the litter (S. Tennessee). Among the 36 wild birds captured, S. Heidelberg was isolated from one bird's organs and intestinal contents (Colaptes campestris), and S. Enteritidis was isolated from another bird's intestinal contents (Zenaida auriculata). Salmonella Panama and Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from swine feces. One-day-old chicks (150) were divided into 10 groups of 15 animals each. Each group was orally inoculated with a previously isolated serotype of Salmonella. Soft stools were observed on the cage floor and around the birds' cloaca between 3 and 12 days post-infection (dpi). The different serotypes of Salmonella used to inoculate the chicks were re-isolated from the spleen, liver, and cecal content samples of the infected birds on 15 and 21 dpi.(AU)

Experimental infection of one-day-old chicks with Salmonella Serotypes Previously isolated from poultry facilities, wild birds, and swine

In order to maintain the high production and export rates achieved by the Brazilian poultry industry, it is necessary to prevent and control certain disease agents, such as Salmonella spp. Using bacterial cultures, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in specimens collected from broiler facilities. Local wild birds were also sampled, as well as the feces of swine housed on the poultry farm. After sample collection, the isolated serotypes were subsequently inoculated into broiler chicks to determine their effects. Positive samples were collected from the following locations in the poultry facilities: poultry litter (S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Heidelberg; S. Infantis), broiler feces (S. Heidelberg; S. serotype 6,7:R:-; S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Tennessee), water (S. Glostrup; S. serotype 6,8:d:-;), and lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) found in the litter (S. Tennessee). Among the 36 wild birds captured, S. Heidelberg was isolated from one bird's organs and intestinal contents (Colaptes campestris), and S. Enteritidis was isolated from another bird's intestinal contents (Zenaida auriculata). Salmonella Panama and Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from swine feces. One-day-old chicks (150) were divided into 10 groups of 15 animals each. Each group was orally inoculated with a previously isolated serotype of Salmonella. Soft stools were observed on the cage floor and around the birds' cloaca between 3 and 12 days post-infection (dpi). The different serotypes of Salmonella used to inoculate the chicks were re-isolated from the spleen, liver, and cecal content samples of the infected birds on 15 and 21 dpi.

Presence of antibodies against H5, H7 and H9 influenza A virus in wild birds in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Although the natural reservoirs of the avian influenza (AI) virus have been extensively studied in many countries, there is a clear lack of information on this subject in South America, particularly in Brazil. The objective of this study was to conduct a serological survey for H5, H7 and H9 antibodies to AI-subtype viruses in wild birds in the state of São Paulo , Brazil. Serum samples were tested using the hemagglutination-inhibition assay. Out of the 31 wild birds sampled between January and December of 2006, seven (22.58%), were seropositive for H5, H7 and H9; four (12.90%) were seropositive for H5 and H7; 13 (41.94%), were seropositive only for H7; three (9.7%), were seropositive only for H9; and four (12.90%) were negative for all three hemagglutinin subtypes. These results indicate that AI viruses belonging to H5, H7 and H9 subtypes circulate among wild birds in the state of São Paulo in the form of either concurrent or consecutive infections. This study contributes to the knowledge of AI epidemiology in Brazil, and stresses the need of further detailed and long-term epidemiological and ecological investigation to determine the current status of this virus.(AU)

Presence of antibodies against H5, H7 and H9 influenza A virus in wild birds in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Although the natural reservoirs of the avian influenza (AI) virus have been extensively studied in many countries, there is a clear lack of information on this subject in South America, particularly in Brazil. The objective of this study was to conduct a serological survey for H5, H7 and H9 antibodies to AI-subtype viruses in wild birds in the state of São Paulo , Brazil. Serum samples were tested using the hemagglutination-inhibition assay. Out of the 31 wild birds sampled between January and December of 2006, seven (22.58%), were seropositive for H5, H7 and H9; four (12.90%) were seropositive for H5 and H7; 13 (41.94%), were seropositive only for H7; three (9.7%), were seropositive only for H9; and four (12.90%) were negative for all three hemagglutinin subtypes. These results indicate that AI viruses belonging to H5, H7 and H9 subtypes circulate among wild birds in the state of São Paulo in the form of either concurrent or consecutive infections. This study contributes to the knowledge of AI epidemiology in Brazil, and stresses the need of further detailed and long-term epidemiological and ecological investigation to determine the current status of this virus.

Detecção de coronavírus em aves silvestres da região nordeste do estado de são paulo, brasil, por técnicas moleculares de rt-pcr e nested-pcr / detection of coronavirus by rt-pcr and nested-pcr in wild birds from northeastern são paulo state, brazil

          Os Coronavírus são um dos mais importantes patógenos virais causadores de doenças infecciosas em mamíferos e aves, especialmente os coronavírus aviários, como o vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (VBI). Um amplo conhecimento sobre as características genotípicas e fenotípicas está disponível para os coronavírus oriundos de aves domésticas. No entanto, em se tratando de aves silvestres, pouco é conhecido, principalmente no Brasil; apesar de já ter sido demonstrado que algumas espécies dessas aves podem ser portadoras assintomáticas desses vírus, inclusive do VBI, que é um importante patógeno para as galinhas domésticas, especialmente as destinadas à avicultura industrial. Assim, é importante que seja melhor compreendido o papel das aves silvestres na epidemiologia da infecção por coronavírus aviários. Dessa forma, este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar a presença de coronavírus do grupo 3, com base em técnicas moleculares como RT-PCR e Nested-PCR e

DETECÇÃO DE CORONAVÍRUS EM AVES SILVESTRES DA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL, POR TÉCNICAS MOLECULARES DE RT-PCR E NESTED-PCR / DETECTION OF CORONAVIRUS BY RT-PCR AND NESTED-PCR IN WILD BIRDS FROM NORTHEASTERN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

          Os Coronavírus são um dos mais importantes patógenos virais causadores de doenças infecciosas em mamíferos e aves, especialmente os coronavírus aviários, como o vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (VBI). Um amplo conhecimento sobre as características genotípicas e fenotípicas está disponível para os coronavírus oriundos de aves domésticas. No entanto, em se tratando de aves silvestres, pouco é conhecido, principalmente no Brasil; apesar de já ter sido demonstrado que algumas espécies dessas aves podem ser portadoras assintomáticas desses vírus, inclusive do VBI, que é um importante patógeno para as galinhas domésticas, especialmente as destinadas à avicultura industrial. Assim, é importante que seja melhor compreendido o papel das aves silvestres na epidemiologia da infecção por coronavírus aviários. Dessa forma, este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar a presença de coronavírus do grupo 3, com base em técnicas moleculares como RT-PCR e Nested-PCR e

Experimental infection of one-day-old chicks with Salmonella Serotypes Previously isolated from poultry facilities, wild birds, and swine

In order to maintain the high production and export rates achieved by the Brazilian poultry industry, it is necessary to prevent and control certain disease agents, such as Salmonella spp. Using bacterial cultures, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in specimens collected from broiler facilities. Local wild birds were also sampled, as well as the feces of swine housed on the poultry farm. After sample collection, the isolated serotypes were subsequently inoculated into broiler chicks to determine their effects. Positive samples were collected from the following locations in the poultry facilities: poultry litter (S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Heidelberg; S. Infantis), broiler feces (S. Heidelberg; S. serotype 6,7:R:-; S. serotype 4,5,12:R:-; S. Tennessee), water (S. Glostrup; S. serotype 6,8:d:-;), and lesser mealworms (Alphitobius diaperinus) found in the litter (S. Tennessee). Among the 36 wild birds captured, S. Heidelberg was isolated from one bird's organs and intestinal contents (Colaptes campestris), and S. Enteritidis was isolated from another bird's intestinal contents (Zenaida auriculata). Salmonella Panama and Salmonella Typhimurium were isolated from swine feces. One-day-old chicks (150) were divided into 10 groups of 15 animals each. Each group was orally inoculated with a previously isolated serotype of Salmonella. Soft stools were observed on the cage floor and around the birds' cloaca between 3 and 12 days post-infection (dpi). The different serotypes of Salmonella used to inoculate the chicks were re-isolated from the spleen, liver, and cecal content samples of the infected birds on 15 and 21 dpi.

Presence of antibodies against H5, H7 and H9 influenza A virus in wild birds in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Although the natural reservoirs of the avian influenza (AI) virus have been extensively studied in many countries, there is a clear lack of information on this subject in South America, particularly in Brazil. The objective of this study was to conduct a serological survey for H5, H7 and H9 antibodies to AI-subtype viruses in wild birds in the state of São Paulo , Brazil. Serum samples were tested using the hemagglutination-inhibition assay. Out of the 31 wild birds sampled between January and December of 2006, seven (22.58%), were seropositive for H5, H7 and H9; four (12.90%) were seropositive for H5 and H7; 13 (41.94%), were seropositive only for H7; three (9.7%), were seropositive only for H9; and four (12.90%) were negative for all three hemagglutinin subtypes. These results indicate that AI viruses belonging to H5, H7 and H9 subtypes circulate among wild birds in the state of São Paulo in the form of either concurrent or consecutive infections. This study contributes to the knowledge of AI epidemiology in Brazil, and stresses the need of further detailed and long-term epidemiological and ecological investigation to determine the current status of this virus.

Experimental infection of crested caracara (Caracara plancus) with Toxoplasma gondii simulating natural conditions.

Toxoplasma gondii affects mainly warm-blooded animals, including birds. Even though previous experimental data indicate that raptors are resistant to clinical infection, there is no information regarding the susceptibility of Brazilian birds of prey to T. gondii. The present study aimed to observe how the crested caracara, a common raptor in Brazil, interacts with T. gondii using an experimental model. Seven crested caracaras, seronegative for T. gondii, were separated into infected (n=5) and control groups (n=2). Birds from the infected group were fed T. gondii-infected Calomys callosus, a rodent present in Brazilian savanna and described as highly susceptible to infection by the parasite, for three consecutive days, while control animals were fed non-infected rodents. All infected birds produced T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies that were firstly detected at day 7 post-infection, with peak production detected between 15 and 30dpi. No significant alterations in clinical and hematological parameters were observed throughout the experimental period, and parasites were sparsely found in muscular tissues after the birds were euthanized. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that crested caracaras are resistant to oral infection with T. gondii, suggesting that the host-parasite relationship between both species has reached a remarkable equilibrium.

Assessment of Newcastle and infectious bronchitis pathogens, and Salmonella spp. in wild birds captured near poultry facilities / Pesquisa de Salmonella spp., de doença de Newcastle e de bronquite infecciosa em aves silvestres capturadas próximo a instalações avícolas

Aves de vida livre podem ser carreadoras e disseminadoras de agentes patogênicos e representarem um risco para galinhas de produção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar em aves de vida livre a presença de anticorpo contra: Salmonella Pullorum (SP), vírus da doença de Newcastle (VDN) e vírus da bronquite infecciosa (VBI), bem como a presença de Salmonella spp. De 48 aves de vida livre capturadas nas imediações de uma granja avícola, no norte do Estado de São Paulo, em 2005 e 2006, foram colhidos soros para realização de testes de soroaglutinação rápida em placa (SAR) para SP, inibição de hemaglutinação (HI) para o VDN e soroneutralização (SN) para VBI. Foram colhidos fragmentos de fígado, baço e ovários/testículos, todos cultivados juntos como um pool e conteúdo intestinal separado, para cultura de Salmonella spp. Todas as amostras foram negativas para a doença de Newcastle e bronquite infecciosa. Quanto à Salmonella Pullorum, pela técnica de SAR, a amostra de Theristicus caudatus foi positiva. No exame bacteriológico, foi isolado o agente em três aves: Theristicus caudatus (Salmonella Muenchen), Zenaida auriculata (Salmonella Enteritidis) e em Cariama cristata tanto Salmonella Muenchen como Salmonella Saintpaul.(AU)

Assessment of Newcastle and infectious bronchitis pathogens, and Salmonella spp. in wild birds captured near poultry facilities / Pesquisa de Salmonella spp., de doença de Newcastle e de bronquite infecciosa em aves silvestres capturadas próximo a instalações avícolas

Aves de vida livre podem ser carreadoras e disseminadoras de agentes patogênicos e representarem um risco para galinhas de produção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar em aves de vida livre a presença de anticorpo contra: Salmonella Pullorum (SP), vírus da doença de Newcastle (VDN) e vírus da bronquite infecciosa (VBI), bem como a presença de Salmonella spp. De 48 aves de vida livre capturadas nas imediações de uma granja avícola, no norte do Estado de São Paulo, em 2005 e 2006, foram colhidos soros para realização de testes de soroaglutinação rápida em placa (SAR) para SP, inibição de hemaglutinação (HI) para o VDN e soroneutralização (SN) para VBI. Foram colhidos fragmentos de fígado, baço e ovários/testículos, todos cultivados juntos como um pool e conteúdo intestinal separado, para cultura de Salmonella spp. Todas as amostras foram negativas para a doença de Newcastle e bronquite infecciosa. Quanto à Salmonella Pullorum, pela técnica de SAR, a amostra de Theristicus caudatus foi positiva. No exame bacteriológico, foi isolado o agente em três aves: Theristicus caudatus (Salmonella Muenchen), Zenaida auriculata (Salmonella Enteritidis) e em Cariama cristata tanto Salmonella Muenchen como Salmonella Saintpaul.

Anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. em animais domésticos e silvestres presentes no campus universitário da FCAV, UNESP, Jaboticabal/SP / Antibodies against Leptospira spp. in domestic and wild animals at the university campus of FCAV, UNESP, Jaboticabal/SP

O presente estudo objetivou detectar anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. em animais domésticos e silvestres presentes no Campus Universitário da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Unesp, Jaboticabal. Em outubro de 2007, foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 279 animais, entre equinos, suínos, caprinos, ovinos, bovinos e cães. Desses animais, 87 (31,1%) foram reagentes à Leptospira spp., pela prova de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM). Em março de 2008, foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 236 animais, entre equinos, suínos, caprinos, ovinos, bovinos, cães, coelho, gambás e cervídeos. Desses animais, 75 (31,7%) foram reagentes à Leptospira spp., pela SAM. Em julho de 2008, foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 167 animais, entre equinos, suínos, caprinos, ovinos, bovinos e gambás. Desses animais, 75 (44,9%) foram reagentes à Leptospira spp., pela SAM. Houve influência sazonal na ocorrência de anticorpos, e as diferenças entre as prevalências de anticorpos durante o inverno e a primavera e durante o inverno e o verão foram significativas pelo teste X'; a maior frequência de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. foi observada durante o inverno. Dos 25 gambás analisados, 11 (44,0%) foram reagentes pela SAM, sendo 5 (20,0%) ao sorovar Patoc, 3 (12,0%) ao Autumnalis e 3 (12,0%) ao Icterohaemorrhagiae. Entre as diferentes regiões de captura e colheita de amostras de sangue de gambás (Didelphis albiventris), não houve diferença significativa quanto à ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp., pelo teste exato de Fisher. No mês de julho de 2008 observou-se maior ocorrência de anticorpos nos gambás. Os sorovares encontrados neste Campus, durante todo o período de estudo, foram: Andamana, Autumnalis, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Patoc, Pomona e Pyrogenes.

This study aimed to detect antibodies against Leptospira spp. in domestic and wild animals present in the Campus of FCAV, Unesp, Jaboticabal. In October 2007, blood samples were taken from 279 animals, including horses, pigs, goats, sheep, cattle and dogs. Of these animals, 87 (31.1%) were positive to Leptospira spp., by the microscopic agglutination test. In March 2008, blood samples were taken from 236 animals, including horses, pigs, goats, sheep, cattle, dogs, rabbits, opossums and deer. Of these animals, 75 (31.7%) were positive for Leptospira spp.. In July 2008, blood samples were taken from 167 animals, including horses, pigs, goats, sheep, cattle and skunks. Of these animals, 75 (44.9%) were positive to Leptospira spp.. Seasonal influence on the occurrence of antibodies was detected, and the differences between the prevalence of antibodies during the winter and spring and during the winter and summer were significant by X 2 test - Chi-square, and the higher frequency of antibodies against Leptospira spp. was observed during the winter. Of the 25 opossums examined, 11 (44.0%) were positive by SAM, 5 (20.0%) to serovar Patoc, 3 (12.0%) to autumnalis and 3 (12.0%) to Icterohaemorrhagiae. Among the several regions of capture and collection of blood samples from opossums (Didelphis albiventris), no significant difference in the occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp was detected by Fisher's exact test. Serovars found in this Campus throughout the study period were: Andaman, Autumnalis, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Patoc, Pomona and Pyrogenes.

ANTICORPOS CONTRA Leptospira spp. EM ANIMAIS DOMÉSTICOS E SILVESTRES PRESENTES NO CAMPUS UNIVERSITÁRIO DA FCAV, UNESP, JABOTICABAL/SP

O presente estudo objetivou detectar anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. em animais domésticos e silvestres presentes no Campus Universitário da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Unesp, Jaboticabal. Em outubro de 2007, foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 279 animais, entre equinos, suínos, caprinos, ovinos, bovinos e cães. Desses animais, 87 (31,1%) foram reagentes à Leptospira spp., pela prova de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM). Em março de 2008, foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 236 animais, entre equinos, suínos, caprinos, ovinos, bovinos, cães, coelho, gambás e cervídeos. Desses animais, 75 (31,7%) foram reagentes à Leptospira spp., pela SAM. Em julho de 2008, foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 167 animais, entre equinos, suínos, caprinos, ovinos, bovinos e gambás. Desses animais, 75 (44,9%) foram reagentes à Leptospira spp., pela SAM. Houve influência sazonal na ocorrência de anticorpos, e as diferenças entre as prevalências de anticorpos durante o inverno e a primavera e durante o inverno e o verão foram significativas pelo teste X2; a maior frequência de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. foi observada durante o inverno. Dos 25 gambás analisados, 11 (44,0%) foram reagentes pela SAM, sendo 5 (20,0%) ao sorovar Patoc, 3 (12,0%) ao Autumnalis e 3 (12,0%) ao Icterohaemorrhagiae. Entre as diferentes regiões de captura e colheita de amostras de sangue

ANTICORPOS CONTRA Leptospira spp. EM ANIMAIS DOMÉSTICOS E SILVESTRES PRESENTES NO CAMPUS UNIVERSITÁRIO DA FCAV, UNESP, JABOTICABAL/SP

O presente estudo objetivou detectar anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. em animais domésticos e silvestres presentes no Campus Universitário da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Unesp, Jaboticabal. Em outubro de 2007, foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 279 animais, entre equinos, suínos, caprinos, ovinos, bovinos e cães. Desses animais, 87 (31,1%) foram reagentes à Leptospira spp., pela prova de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM). Em março de 2008, foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 236 animais, entre equinos, suínos, caprinos, ovinos, bovinos, cães, coelho, gambás e cervídeos. Desses animais, 75 (31,7%) foram reagentes à Leptospira spp., pela SAM. Em julho de 2008, foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 167 animais, entre equinos, suínos, caprinos, ovinos, bovinos e gambás. Desses animais, 75 (44,9%) foram reagentes à Leptospira spp., pela SAM. Houve influência sazonal na ocorrência de anticorpos, e as diferenças entre as prevalências de anticorpos durante o inverno e a primavera e durante o inverno e o verão foram significativas pelo teste X2; a maior frequência de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. foi observada durante o inverno. Dos 25 gambás analisados, 11 (44,0%) foram reagentes pela SAM, sendo 5 (20,0%) ao sorovar Patoc, 3 (12,0%) ao Autumnalis e 3 (12,0%) ao Icterohaemorrhagiae. Entre as diferentes regiões de captura e colheita de amostras de sangue