International consensus on the non-pharmacological and non-surgical management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

We identified a knowledge gap in the non-pharmacological and non-surgical management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. MAIN RESULTS: This international consensus process established multidisciplinary biopsychosocial recommendations on pain, nutrition, safe movement, and exercise for individuals with acute and chronic vertebral fractures. SIGNIFICANCE: These recommendations will guide clinical practice and inform interventions for future research. PURPOSE: To establish international consensus on recommendations for the non-pharmacological and non-surgical management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. METHODS: We adopted a five-step modified Delphi consensus process: (1) literature search and content analysis, (2) creation of the survey, (3) selection of the expert panel, (4) first round of the rating process, and (5) second round of the rating process. The first round included 49 statements and eight open-ended questions; the second round included 30 statements. Panelists were asked to rate their agreement with each of the statements using a 9-point scale, with the option to provide further comments. Consensus for each statement was determined by counting the number of panelists whose rating was outside the 3-point region containing the median. RESULTS: We invited 76 people with degree in medicine, physiotherapy, kinesiology, and experience in the management of osteoporotic vertebral; 31 (41%) and 27 (36%) experts agreed to participate to the first and the second round, respectively. The mean percentage agreement after the first and second rounds was 76.6% ± 16.0% and 90.7% ± 6.5%, respectively. We established consensus on recommendations on pain, early satiety, weight loss, bracing, safe movement, and exercise for individuals with acute and chronic vertebral fractures. CONCLUSION: Our international consensus provides multidisciplinary biopsychosocial recommendations to guide the management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and inform interventions for future research.

The effect of mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke exposure on oxygen defense mechanisms of guinea pig erythrocytes.

We have studied the effects of short-term exposure of guinea pigs to cigarette smoke under both mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) conditions on the activities of major antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation potential of erythrocytes. The smoke-exposed groups had an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a decrease in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and NADPH generating enzymes, and no change in the activity of catalase. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the in vitro lipid peroxidation potential of erythrocytes in both MS- and SS-exposed groups. However, the lipid peroxidation potential was higher in the MS-exposed group than that in the SS-exposed group.