ABSTRACT
The development of sustainable renewable polymers from natural resources has increasingly gained attention from scientists, engineers as well as the general public and government agencies. This review covers recent progress in the field of renewable bio-based monomers and polymers from natural resources: terpenes, terpenoids, and rosin, which are a class of hydrocarbon-rich biomass with abundance and low cost, holding much potential for utilization as organic feedstocks for green plastics and composites. This review details polymerization and copolymerization of terpenes such as pinene, limonene, and myrcene and their derivatives, terpenoids including carvone and menthol, and rosin-derived monomers. The future direction on the utilization of these natural resources is discussed.
Subject(s)
Polymers/chemistry , Resins, Plant/chemistry , Terpenes/chemistry , Biomass , Click Chemistry , Green Chemistry Technology , Polymerization , Polymers/chemical synthesis , Resins, Plant/chemical synthesis , Terpenes/chemical synthesisABSTRACT
Multifunctional abietane-based polymer nanogels were fabricated for label-free cell imaging and drug delivery. The self-fluorescent abietane as the framework of carriers enables the imaging without the need for external fluorescent probes, while abietane-based nanogels exhibit low in vitro cytotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Drug Carriers/chemistry , Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry , Polyethyleneimine/chemistry , Polymers/chemistry , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemistry , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/toxicity , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Doxorubicin/chemistry , Doxorubicin/toxicity , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Humans , MCF-7 Cells , Microscopy, Confocal , NanogelsABSTRACT
We report novel robust resin acid-derived antimicrobial agents that exhibit excellent antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of bacteria (6 Gram-positive and 7 Gram-negative) with selective lysis of microbial membranes over mammalian membranes. Our results indicate that hydrophobicity and unique structures of resin acids can be determining factors in dictating the antimicrobial activity.
