COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions amongst Healthcare Workers: A Scoping Review.

A worldwide vaccination programme is the chosen strategy against the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy, however, forms a threat to achieving a high degree of vaccination. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed to greater risks, in addition to HCWs who care for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, little is still known about these groups' vaccine hesitancy. This review aims to provide insight into the intentions and attitudes of HCWs on COVID-19 vaccination, including those who care for people with ID. The search included both types and was conducted in nine databases. A total of 26 papers were identified concerning the vaccine intentions of 43,199 HCWs worldwide. The data were gathered both quantitively and qualitatively. The papers were analysed for all of the themes regarding vaccine intentions, which were: (1) percentages of vaccine willingness; (2) predictors of willingness; (3) attitudes of willingness and hesitancy; (4) sources of vaccination information; (5) contextual factors and changes in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance over time; and (6) future strategies for interventions. Concerns about vaccine safety, efficacy and short- and long-term side effects were the most prominent in HCWs and, therefore, should be addressed in future intervention strategies. Furthermore, interactive interventions are recommended to facilitate exchange, and accurate information should be accessible to target groups on social media platforms.

Development and validation of the Attachment Relationship Inventory-Caregiver Perception 2-5 years (ARI-CP 2-5): Psychometric structure, external validity, and norms.

There is a lack of instruments assessing child-caregiver attachment relationships in early childhood to be used in attachment-based practice, in particular from a caregiver's perception, which is an important factor of clinical importance to take into account in parenting interventions targeting young children. Therefore, the 48-item Attachment Relationship Inventory-Caregiver Perception 2-5 years (ARI-CP 2-5) was developed. Survey data of 446 caregivers of 2- to 5-year-old children were collected, and a subsample of 83 caregivers participated in an observation study. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a four-factor structure of secure, avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized attachment relationship. Indications of configural, metric, and scalar invariance were found for caregivers' and children's sex, children's age, and population (clinical vs. general population). The four scales showed sufficient internal consistency and significant associations with children's psychopathology, caregivers' general attachment representations, caregivers' mind-mindedness, and population type. Moreover, preliminary evidence for convergent validity with observational attachment measures was found. It is concluded that the ARI-CP 2-5 is a valid instrument that can be used as part of the screening and assessment of insecure attachment relationships.

Hacen falta instrumentos que evalúen las relaciones de afectividad niño-cuidador en la temprana niñez para ser usados en la práctica que se basa en la afectividad, en particular desde la perspectiva del cuidador, lo cual es un factor clave de importancia clínica para tomar en cuenta en las intervenciones de crianza que se enfocan en niños pequeños. Por tanto, se desarrolló el Inventario de la Relación Afectiva - Percepción del Cuidador 2-5 años, que consta de 48 aspectos (ARI-CP 2-5). Se recogió información de encuesta de 446 cuidadores de niños de 2 a 5 años de edad, y un subgrupo muestra de 83 cuidadores participó en un estudio de observación. Los análisis de factores confirmatorios corroboraron una estructura de cuatro factores de la relación de afectividad que es segura, la que evita, la ambivalente y la desorganizada. Se encontraron indicaciones de invariabilidad en el aspecto configuracional, métrico y de escala en cuanto al género sexual de los cuidadores y del niño, la edad del niño, y la población (clínica y general). Las cuatro escalas mostraron una suficiente consistencia interna y asociaciones significativas con la sicopatología de los niños, las representaciones generales de afectividad del cuidador, la conciencia mental de los cuidadores, así como el tipo de población. Es más, se encontró una evidencia preliminar para la validez convergente con las medidas de afectividad de observación. Se concluye con que el ARI-CP 2-5 es un instrumento válido que puede usarse como parte de la detección y evaluación de las relaciones de afectividad inseguras.

Il y a un manque d'instruments évaluant les relations d'attachement enfant-aidant naturel dans la petite enfance pouvant être utilisés dans une pratique basée sur l'attachement, en particulier sur la perception de l'aidant naturel, qui est un facteur important de l'importance clinique à prendre en compte dans les interventions de parentages ciblant les jeunes enfants. Par conséquent l'Inventaire de 48 articles de la Relation d'Attachement - Perception de l'Aidant Naturel 2-5 ans (abrégé en anglais ARI-CP 2-5) a été développé. Les données de sondage de 446 aidants naturels d'enfants de 2 à 5 ans ont été recueillies et un sous-échantillon de 83 aidants naturels ont participé à une étude d'observation. Une analyse factorielle confirmatoire a confirmé une structure à quatre facteurs de la relation d'attachement sécure, évitant, ambivalent et désorganisé. Des indications d'invariance configurale, métrique et scalaire ont été trouvées pour le sexe des aidants naturels et des enfants, l'âge des enfants, et la population (clinique par rapport à population générale). Les quatre échelles ont démontré une cohérence interne suffisante et des associations importantes avec la psychopathologie des enfants, les représentations de l'attachement générale des aidants naturels, l'esprit-qualité mentale et le type de population. De plus une preuve préliminaire de validité convergente ave les mesures observationnelles d'attachement a été trouvée. Nous concluons que l'ARI-CP 205 est un instrument valide qui peut être utilisé pour le dépistage et l'évaluation de relations d'attachement insécures.

Internal structure and reliability of the Attachment Insecurity Screening Inventory (AISI) for children age 6 to 12.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to examine the internal structure and reliability of the Attachment Insecurity Screening Inventory (AISI) 6-12. The AISI 6-12 years is a parent-report questionnaire for assessing the parents' perspective on the quality of the attachment relationship with their child aged between 6 and 12 years. METHODS: The sample consisted of 681 mothers and fathers reporting on 372 children (72.3% adoption parents, 14.9% non-biological primary care takers including foster parents, and 12.8% biological parents). The internal structure was assessed with multilevel confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and the reliability of the scores with Cronbach's and ordinal alphas. RESULTS: Multilevel CFA confirmed a three-factor model of avoidant, ambivalent/resistant and disorganized attachment. Multi-group CFA indicated full configural and metric measurement invariance, and partial scalar and strict measurement invariance across mothers and fathers. Reliability coefficients were found to be sufficient. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the potential of using parental reports in the initial screening of attachment related problems, especially considering the practical approach of parental reports. However, further development of the AISI 6-12 years seems important to increase the validity of the AISI 6-12 years. In addition, future studies are necessary to replicate the current findings, and to strengthen the evidence that the AISI 6-12 years is appropriate for the use in middle childhood and validly assesses the parents' perspective on attachment insecurities in their child.