Effects of riparian land use changes on soil attributes and concentrations of potentially toxic elements.

Riparian zones are intrinsically sensitive habitats to anthropogenic disturbances. Knowledge about how riparian soil attributes respond to anthropogenic changes remains limited. This information would allow the prediction of degradation and contamination soil scenarios that threaten water quality for supply. Here, we studied the impact on soil quality and concentration that potentially toxic elements caused through changes in land use in riparian soils in northeastern Brazil. A total of thirty riparian soil composite samples were collected from areas with different land use and evaluated for physical and chemical attributes, in addition to potentially toxic elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). The results showed that replacing the natural vegetation in the riparian zone led to degradation gradient: pasture < agricultural < urban < industrial use. Soil attributes were sensitive in distinguishing the degree of degradation of each land use. Concentrations of the potentially toxic elements Cd and Zn are above the background soil concentrations and may pose a risk to the environment and human health. Our data can be helpful to understand better the complex relationship between land use and environmental impacts in riparian zones in northeastern Brazil and similar settings worldwide.

A Systematic review of the Primary Therapeutic interventions used in COVID-19 patients who were reinfected

On March 11th, 2020, COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic. Since then, data has been recorded, correlated and reviewed in an effort to better understand how to combat the spread and lower the morbidity of the disease. In this pursuit, many studies have linked the presence of comorbidities, diabetes among those, with a higher mortality rate. To further this line of thought, this review was meant to investigate the factors affecting this poorer prognosis and the risk of reinfection among this population.

Six hundred years of South American tree rings reveal an increase in severe hydroclimatic events since mid-20th century.

South American (SA) societies are highly vulnerable to droughts and pluvials, but lack of long-term climate observations severely limits our understanding of the global processes driving climatic variability in the region. The number and quality of SA climate-sensitive tree ring chronologies have significantly increased in recent decades, now providing a robust network of 286 records for characterizing hydroclimate variability since 1400 CE. We combine this network with a self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) dataset to derive the South American Drought Atlas (SADA) over the continent south of 12°S. The gridded annual reconstruction of austral summer scPDSI is the most spatially complete estimate of SA hydroclimate to date, and well matches past historical dry/wet events. Relating the SADA to the Australia-New Zealand Drought Atlas, sea surface temperatures and atmospheric pressure fields, we determine that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) are strongly associated with spatially extended droughts and pluvials over the SADA domain during the past several centuries. SADA also exhibits more extended severe droughts and extreme pluvials since the mid-20th century. Extensive droughts are consistent with the observed 20th-century trend toward positive SAM anomalies concomitant with the weakening of midlatitude Westerlies, while low-level moisture transport intensified by global warming has favored extreme rainfall across the subtropics. The SADA thus provides a long-term context for observed hydroclimatic changes and for 21st-century Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections that suggest SA will experience more frequent/severe droughts and rainfall events as a consequence of increasing greenhouse gas emissions.

A comparison of computer applications vs conventional colour vision tests: Can they be used interchangeably?

Objective: To determine if three Computer Application colour vision tests (the Insight Colour Vision test, Colour Vision Quiz and the Colour-blind tester MN) can be used in exchange for Conventional methods of colour vision testing. Design and Methodology: A control sample of the general population was selected at random consisting of 50 subjects. The other group, the diseased group included those with diabetes, cataract, glaucoma and retinal diseases, from the Ophthalmology clinic, of the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex (EWMSC), and consisted of 25 subjects. All tests were conducted on subjects who volunteered with informed consent. The conventional tests of colour vision, the Ishihara and the Fansworth D15, were trialled on the subjects, then the computer application colour vision tests were tried on the same group. Results: From the tests done, the Colour Vision Quiz and the Colour-blind tester were able to detect the presence of a defect, but unspecific in determining types of defects. Insight colour vision test was found to be as sensitive and specific in detecting colour vision defects among the Control group as the Farnworth D15 test. However it was less accurate in detecting the nature of the colour vision defects among the diseased population. Conclusion: None of the colour vision tests were found to be reliable and reproducible in replacing the conventional methods of colour vision testing.

Litter assessment on 99 Cuban beaches: A baseline to identify sources of pollution and impacts for tourism and recreation.

Litter presence was assessed on the entire Cuban coastline, and includes 99 beaches from all Cuban regions, during field work carried out in 2012 and 2015. A standard method verified in several countries was applied, which classified beaches for nine types of litter into four grades (A-excellent to D-poor). Almost half of the Cuban beaches obtained excellent cleanliness scores, although many needed to be better managed. In this baseline, the most common types of residue were general litter (8% grade D and 35% grades B/C) and potentially harmful litter (<68% with grade A). Resort beaches and those with international visitors showed the best litter management. Tourism Impacts seems to be related to visitor origin therefore choices to develop sustainable tourism in rural and village beaches (64%) appears low, if beach cleaning gross investment is focused on resort beaches (24%). Finally, this paper highlights geographical distribution and types of litter patterns.

Distinguishing rotamers in N-trifluoroacetyl-3-benzazepine derivatives.

This paper provides the full (13) C NMR assignments for the trifluoroacetamides of five potentially appetite-reducing 5-HT2C benzazepine receptor agonists and two open-ring synthetic precursors. These compounds exist in solution as mixtures of two rotamers for each of which the (13) C NMR signals have now been assigned with the assistance of 2D NMR experiments and the carbonyl-induced shifts of the neighboring (13) CH2 resonances and long-range (13) C/(19) F couplings.

First Report of Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Soybean in Costa Rica.

Phakopsora meibomiae (Arthur) Arthur has been reported to occur in several legume species in the tropical regions of Central and South America. In Costa Rica, this pathogen was initially reported as P. pachyrhizi Sydow (1); however, to our knowledge, P. pachyrhizi has not been detected in Costa Rica. In routine evaluations of a 0.2-ha field planted with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr var. CIGRAS 06) in La Garita, Alajuela, Costa Rica, symptoms similar to Asian soybean rust were observed in December 2012 and January 2013. Soybean plants were at growth stages R4 to R5 when these symptoms were observed, which included yellow spots on leaves with brown spots on the abaxial surface. Further evaluations at growth stage R5 to R6 indicated that the spots had coalesced, turned grayish-brown, and caused substantial defoliation. Microscopic examination of symptomatic leaves showed the presence of uredinia and urediniospores on the lower surface of the leaf. While initial symptoms were on the southern side of the field, a substantial area of the field was infected at the second evaluation. Infected leaves were submitted to the USDA-ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit under the appropriate USDA-Animal Plant Health Inspection Service permit for molecular characterization and identification. Urediniospores were collected by washing infected leaves with sterile water and then pelleted by centrifugation. DNA was extracted from urediniospore pellets and excised leaf pieces using a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD), and eight samples were amplified in real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with P. pachyrhizi-specific primers Ppm1 and Ppa2 but not with the P. meibomiae-specific primers Ppm1 and Pme2 (2). Nucleotide sequence alignment of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2 that were amplified by PCR using the primers Ppa1 and Ppa2 further confirmed the identification as P. pachyrhizi. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first known confirmation of soybean rust, caused by P. pachyrhizi in Costa Rica. CIGRAS-06 is the only soybean variety bred in the country as well as one of the very few varieties available for growers. Given that breeding for disease resistance is not a short-term option for P. pachyrhizi, alternative disease management strategies will have to be developed. References: (1) K. R. Bromfield. Soybean Rust, Monograph No. 11. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, 1984. (2) R. D. Frederick et al. Phytopathology 92:217, 2002.

Splenic enlargement in adults with homozygous sickle cell disease: the Jamaican experience.

OBJECTIVE: It is quite rare to find splenomegaly or its various complications in adults with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease. Splenomegaly in adults may indicate a differential severity of disease, when compared with those who have had 'autosplenectomy'. METHODS: We studied the clinical and haematological profiles of all SS patients (n = 25) in our database who have had splenomegaly in their adulthood (group 1) and compared with a random sample of age- and gender-matched persons (n = 75) who did not have splenomegaly in adulthood (group 2). RESULTS: Group 1 persons had higher foetal haemoglobin, lower platelets and white blood cells, and greater prevalence of gall bladder disease and hospitalizations. Seven of the 25 persons in group 1 had acute splenic sequestration and the rest had hypersplenism. CONCLUSIONS: Splenic enlargement occurring during adulthood may imply lower severity of disease and clinicians should consider this diagnosis even in persons with SS genotype.

Genomic and phenotypic beef quality indicators of Charolais cattle in México / Indicadores genómicos y fenotípicos para calidad de la carne en bovinos Charolais de México / Indicadores genómicos e fenotípicos na qualidade da carne do gado Charolês no México

Tenderness and marbling are polygenic traits used as indicators of good meat quality. Among different genes related to meat quality, µ-calpaine (CAPN1) and thyroglobulin (TG5) have been specifically linked to tenderness and marbling, respectively. Objectives: to estimate the allelic and genotypic frequencies of markers in CAPN1 and TG5 genes, and relate their presence to beef carcass quality. Methods: CAPN1 and TG5 polymorphisms were identified by PCR-ACRS and PCR-RFLP, respectively, validating their putative effects on beef carcass using real time ultrasound in Charolais candidate sires (n=80). Results: computed genotypic frequencies in CAP4751 and TG5 showed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while CAP316 expressed deviation from equilibrium. Association analysis indicated a significant effect of CAP4751 on rib eye area (REA) (p<0.05) and intramuscular fat (IMF) (p<0.10), while TG5 showed a significant trend on yield grade (YG). Conclusions: these results support the use of these markers for assessing traits related to meat quality, and warrant further studies to validate their use in cattle herds for breeding purposes.

La terneza y el marmoreo son características poligénicas e indicadoras de calidad en la carne bovina. Uno de los genes relacionados con la terneza en la carne es el gen de µ-calpaína (CAPN), en el cual se han identificado dos polimorfismos CAPN316 y CAPN4751 asociados significativamente a esta característica. En el gen de la Tiroglobulina (TG5) relacionado con el marmoleo, se ha identificado un polimorfismo en la posición -537del gen, asociado a la deposición de grasa intramuscular en bovinos. Objetivo: estimar las frecuencias genotípicas y alélicas de tres marcadores genéticos y su asocación con carcaterísticas de calidad de la carne bovina. Métodos: a partir de muestras de sangre de 80 toretes Charolais de 12 meses de edad mantenidos en pruebas de comportamiento, se caracterizaron polimorfismos en los marcadores CAPN316 y CAPN4751 identificados mediante el diseño de oligonucleótidos y la creación de sitios de restricción en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR-ACRS) y de TG5 identifificado mediante PCR- RFLP, se utilizaron cebadores previamente reportados. Resultados: las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de los polimorfismo de CAPN4751 y TG5 mostraron estar en equilibrio genético; más no para CAPN316. Los análisis de asociación mostraron una diferencia significativa del marcador CAPN4751 sobre el área del músculo Longissimus dorsi (REA) (p<0.05) y grasa intramuscualr (IMF) (p<0.10); mientras que para TG5 hubo una tendencia significativa sobre el grado de rendimiento (YG). Conclusiones: dichos resultados sugieren el efecto potencial de estos marcadores comerciales sobre características de la carne, el estudio propone su uso sinérgico como complemento informativo de indicadores de la calidad en animales reproductores, pero resalta la necesidad de validación extensiva en poblaciones particulares para fomentar su uso en el mejoramiento de la ganadería para carne.

A maciez e o marmoreio são características poligênicas e indicadoras de qualidade da carne. Um dos genes relacionados à maciez da carne é o gene da -calpaína (CAPN1), no qual se tem identificados dois polimorfismos CAPN316 e CAPN4751 associados significativamente com esta característica. No gene da tiroglobulina (TG5) relacionado com o marmoreio, se tem identificado um polimorfismo na posição -537. Objetivo: estimar as frequências genotípicas e alélicas de três marcadores genéticos (SNP) e fazer a respectiva associação dos genótipos e alelos com os indicadores de qualidade da carne, obtendo um efeito significativo sobre algumas características de carcaça estimada pela ultrassonografia em tempo real em touros Charolês no noroeste do México. Métodos: foram identificados polimorfismos em três marcadores SNP a partir de 80 amostras de sangue de novilhos Charolês, sendo os SNP CAPN4751 e CAPN316 identificados após o desenho de oligonucleotídeos iniciadores e a criação de sítios de restrição na reação em cadeia da enzima polimerase (PCR-ACRS). O marcador TG5 foi identificado por PCR-RFLP com sequencias de oligonucleotídeos previamente reportadas. Resultados: Os polimorfismos CAPN4751 e TG5 mostraram estar em equilíbrio genético, mas o CAPN316 esta em desequilíbrio. A análise de associação demonstrou uma diferença estatística significativa para o marcador CAPN4751 em área do músculo Longissimus dorsi (REA) (p< 0.05) e gordura intramuscular (MI) (p<0.10), enquanto que para TG5 houve efeito significativo sobre rendimento (YG). Conclusões: Estes resultados sugerem o efeito potencial destes marcadores comerciais para melhorar as características de qualidade da carne. O estudo propõe a utilização das informações sinergicamente com os indicadores fenotípicos de qualidade da carne, mas salienta a necessidade da validação extensiva em populações específicas para incentivar a sua utilização no melhoramento de gado de corte.

The burden of unscheduled health care for asthma in Latin America.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the level and cost of unscheduled health care resource use in adults and children across all asthma symptom severities in Latin America. METHODS: The level and cost of health care resource use were analysed for 2074 patients with asthma included in the Asthma Insights and Reality in Latin America (AIRLA) survey from 10 Latin American countries. Health care resource use was multiplied by country-specific unit costs to estimate average per-patient annual costs. Patients were classified as adults (> or = 16 years) or children (<16 years), with disease severity categorized using a symptom severity index. RESULTS: Persistent asthma symptoms were experienced by 53.1% of patients (50.1% of children and 54.6% of adults). In the year preceding the survey, 57.1% of patients required unscheduled health care resource use and 45.1% reported at least 1 emergency hospital contact. The percentage of patients reporting unscheduled health care resource use was greatest amongst those with severe persistent symptoms (71.9%) but it was also high in those with mild intermittent symptoms (45.7%). An average of 73.2% of annual costs of asthma-related health care for the 10 countries was due to unscheduled health care. Expenditure on unscheduled care was greatest amongst both adults and children with severe persistent asthma symptoms (US $558 and US $769, respectively). Adults and children with mild intermittent symptoms also incurred considerable unscheduled costs (US $204 and US $215, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Poorly controlled asthma imposes a considerable cost burden driven by unscheduled health care resource use in Latin America. Treatments to control asthma and reduce the need for unscheduled health care could reduce this cost in both adults and children.

Systemic Infection by Fusarium verticillioides in Maize Plants Grown Under Three Temperature Regimes.

Fusarium verticillioides causes seedling decay, stalk rot, ear rot, and mycotoxin contamination (primarily fumonisins) in maize. Systemic infection of maize plants by F. verticillioides can lead to kernel infection, but the frequency of this phenomenon has varied widely among experiments. Variation in the incidence of systemic infection has been attributed to environmental factors. In order to better understand the influence of environment, we investigated the effect of temperature on systemic development of F. verticillioides during vegetative and reproductive stages of plant development. Maize seeds were inoculated with a green fluorescent protein-expressing strain of F. verticillioides, and grown in growth chambers under three different temperature regimes. In the vegetative-stage and reproductive-stage experiments, plants were evaluated at tasseling (VT stage), and at physiological maturity (R6 stage), respectively. Independently of the temperature treatment, F. verticillioides was reisolated from nearly 100% of belowground plant tissues. Frequency of reisolation of the inoculated strain declined acropetally in aboveground internodes at all temperature regimes. At VT, the high-temperature treatment had the highest systemic development of F. verticillioides in aboveground tissues. At R6, incidence of systemic infection was greater at both the high- and low-temperature regimes than at the average-temperature regime. F. verticillioides was isolated from higher internodes in plants at R6, compared to stage VT. The seed-inoculated strain was recovered from kernels of mature plants, although incidence of kernel infection did not differ significantly among treatments. During the vegetative growth stages, temperature had a significant effect on systemic development of F. verticillioides in stalks. At R6, the fungus reached higher internodes in the high-temperature treatment, but temperature did not have an effect on the incidence of kernels (either symptomatic or asymptomatic) or ear peduncles infected with the inoculated strain. These results support the role of high temperatures in promoting systemic infection of maize by F. verticillioides, but plant-to-seed transmission may be limited by other environmental factors that interact with temperature during the reproductive stages.

Mastectomía con ahorro de piel. Experiencia en el Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires / Skin sparing mastectomy. Experience of the British Hospital in Buenos Aires

Introducción: En las últimas dos décadas la reconstrucción mamaria inmediata ha pasado de ser un procedimiento rara vez sugerido y requerido por las pacientes a formar parte integral del manejo del cáncer de mama. El objetivo de la mastectomía con conservación de piel (SSM) es lograr un mejor resultado estético sin aumentar la tasa de recidivas ni el número de complicaciones esperadas. Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad oncológica de la mastectomía con ahorro de piel para el tratamiento del carcinoma de mama, analizando la tasa de recurrencia local. Analizar las complicaciones de esta técnica quirúrgica comparada con la mastectomía convencional. Material y método: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de todas las pacientes operadas por cáncer de mama en los que se realizó una mastectomía utilizando una incisión con ahorro de piel desde marzo de 1998 a mayo de 2007 en el Servicio de Patología Mamaria del Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires. Sobre 4.121 registros de cáncer mamario se identificaron 137 pacientes. Resultados: Se estudiaron 137 pacientes cuya edad promedio fue 48,54 años con un seguimiento medio de 41,21 meses. Ninguna de las 37 pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma ductal in situ presentó recidivas locales ni enfermedad a distancia, con una sobrevida global promedio de 42,24 meses. La tasa de recidiva local global fue del 5,1 por ciento. El 7 por ciento de los carcinomas infiltrantes recayeron localmente, siendo el tiempo promedio de aparición de la recidiva 17,42 meses. Hubo menor número de complicaciones en el grupo de SSM comparado con las mastectomías convencionales, siendo significativa la diferencia para necrosis de colgajo de mastectomía y hematoma. Conclusiones: La SSM puede ser utilizada con criterio oncológico para el tratamiento de estadios iniciales del cáncer de mama. Tiene igual tasa de recidivas locales que las mastectomías convencionales pero con mejor resultado estético.

Comparison of natural organic acids and synthetic chelates at enhancing phytoextraction of metals from a multi-metal contaminated soil.

Chemically assisted phytoremediation has been developing to induce accumulation of metals by high biomass plants. Synthetic chelates have shown high effectiveness to reach such a goal, but they pose serious drawbacks in field application due to the excessive amount of metals solubilized. We compared the performance of synthetic chelates with naturally occurring low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) in enhancing phytoextraction of metals by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) from multi-metal contaminated soils. Gallic and citric acids were able to induce removal of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Ni from soil without increasing the leaching risk. Net removal of these metals caused by LMWOA can be as much as synthetic chelates. A major reason for this is the lower phytotoxicity of LMWOA. Furthermore, supplying appropriate mineral nutrients increased biomass and metal removal.

Selegiline increases heme oxygenase-1 expression and the cytotoxicity produced by dopamine treatment of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.

Increased dopamine catabolism may be associated with oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in Parkinson's disease. The present study was carried out to examine the effect of dopamine on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and -2 (HO-1 and HO-2) in human neuroblastomas (SK-N-SH cell line) and the effects of selegiline and antioxidants on this expression. Cells were kept with close control of pH and were incubated with varying concentrations of dopamine (0.1-100 microM) for 24 h. HO-1 and HO-2 cDNA probes were prepared by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification. The mRNA expression of HO-1 and HO-2 was measured by Northern blot analysis. The levels of HO-1 mRNA increased after dopamine treatment, in a dose-dependent manner, in all cell lines studied, whereas levels of the two HO-2 transcripts did not. The HO-1 and HO-2 protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. HO-1 protein was undetectable in untreated SK-N-SH cells and increased after treatment with dopamine. In contrast, the HO-2 protein (36 kDa) was detected in untreated cells and the levels did not change as a result of treatment. Alpha-tocopherol (10-100 microM) and ascorbic acid (100 microM) did not attenuate the effects of dopamine. Selegiline (10 microM) produced significant increase (P < 0.01) in the induction of HO-1 by dopamine (more than six times the control values). The increased expression of HO-1 following dopamine treatment indicates that dopamine produces oxidative stress in this cell line.

Selegiline increases heme oxygenase-1 expression and the cytotoxicity produced by dopamine treatment of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells

Increased dopamine catabolism may be associated with oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in Parkinson's disease. The present study was carried out to examine the effect of dopamine on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and -2 (HO-1 and HO-2) in human neuroblastomas (SK-N-SH cell line) and the effects of selegiline and antioxidants on this expression. Cells were kept with close control of pH and were incubated with varying concentrations of dopamine (0.1-100 æM) for 24 h. HO-1 and HO-2 cDNA probes were prepared by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification. The mRNA expression of HO-1 and HO-2 was measured by Northern blot analysis. The levels of HO-1 mRNA increased after dopamine treatment, in a dose-dependent manner, in all cell lines studied, whereas levels of the two HO-2 transcripts did not. The HO-1 and HO-2 protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. HO-1 protein was undetectable in untreated SK-N-SH cells and increased after treatment with dopamine. In contrast, the HO-2 protein (36 kDa) was detected in untreated cells and the levels did not change as a result of treatment. alpha-Tocopherol (10-100 æM) and ascorbic acid (100 æM) did not attenuate the effects of dopamine. Selegiline (10 æM) produced significant increase (P < 0.01) in the induction of HO-1 by dopamine (more than six times the control values). The increased expression of HO-1 following dopamine treatment indicates that dopamine produces oxidative stress in this cell line.

The need to monitor the usage of traditional herbal remedies

In the Caribbean, remedies made from Chenopodium ambrosioides are commonly used internally to treat many medical conditions such as: asthma, dysentry, fatigue and worms. The bioactive component found in the oil of this plant is ascaridole, which causes severe gastro-intestinal discomfort if used excessively. Other hazardous plants include Datura stramonium and Abrus precatorius. It is, therefore, imperative for awareness programs to be set up to educate the population about the use of herbal remedies. Assistance from the Chemistry, Food and Drugs Division of the Ministry of Health in Trinidad and Tobago is needed to formulate guidelines for the proper use of of herbal remedies by patients. A database of tropical poisonous herbs should be made available to hospitals and other health facilities around the country. It is imperative for physicians to ask about their use of herbal supplements and remedies as they are ideally situated to give good counseling and to even help in integrating herbal modalities into conventional care

Head, eye and arm coordination in table tennis.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of head, eye and arm movements during the execution of a table tennis forehand stroke. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of line-of-gaze, arm and ball was used to describe visual and motor behaviour. Skilled and less skilled participants returned the ball to cued right or left target areas under three levels of temporal constraint: pre-, early- and late-cue conditions. In the pre- and early-cue conditions, both high and low skill participants tracked the ball early in flight and kept gaze stable on a location in advance of the ball before ball-bat contact. Skilled participants demonstrated an earlier onset of ball tracking and recorded higher performance accuracy than less skilled counterparts. The manipulation of cue condition showed the limits of adaptation to maintain accuracy on the target. Participants were able to accommodate the constraints imposed by the early-cue condition by using a shorter quiet eye duration, earlier quiet eye offset and reduced arm velocity at contact. In the late-cue condition, modifications to gaze, head and arm movements were not sufficient to preserve accuracy. The findings highlight the functional coupling between perception and action during time-constrained, goal-directed actions.

Cutaneous myiasis due to dernatibia hominis: a report of six cases

We report six cases of Dermatobia hominis myiasis imported into the U.K. from Belize. With increasing international travel, myiasis may be encountered more frequently in countries in which the parasites are not indigenous. The life-cycle of D. hominis is described, and scanning electron micrographs show the detailed appearance of the larva (SUMMARY)