Rabies prevention practices and associated factors among household heads in Bure Zuria district, North West Ethiopia.

Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease that can occur in all warm blooded animals including humans. Vaccinating dogs can protect people from contracting rabies. Despite the availability of effective human and animal rabies vaccines, rabies prevention and control efforts are inadequate. The aim of the study was to determine the level of rabies prevention practices and associated factors among household heads in Bure Zuria district, North-west Ethiopia. Community based cross-sectional study was conducted at Bure Zuria from June 1 to 30, 2020. A total of 609 participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Simple and multiple binary logistic regressions were applied to identify associated factors of rabies prevention practices. Of 609 participants, 413 (67.8%) were male and 289 (47.5%) were 30-45 years old. The level of good prevention practices of rabies at Bure Zuria district was 43.3%. Being males (AOR = 2.69 (1.72-4.22)), age group 18-29 years (AOR = 2.70 (1.20-6.10)), ever bitten by dog, (AOR = 2.40 (1.56-3.68)), got training (AOR = 1.70 (1.08-2.68)), had dog (AOR = 2.92 (1.62-5.26)), with good knowledge AOR (95% CI) = 3.42 (2.19-5.32), with good attitude AOR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.16-2.73) and have 1001-2000 AOR (95% CI) = 2.29 (1.39-3.79) and > 2000 AOR (95% CI) = 2.02 (1.28-3.18)) monthly income were more likely to have good prevention practices of rabies. In this study, we found that the level of good prevention practices of rabies was low in Bure Zuria district. Therefore; awareness creation trainings and multi-sectoral collaborations to prevent rabies are needed in the district, zone and at large region level.

Determinants of neonatal hypothermia among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit northwest, Ethiopia, case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal mortality is a global public health problem disproportionally high in developing country including Ethiopia. Hypothermia plays a significant role in neonatal mortality. This study was conducted to identify determinants of neonatal hypothermia among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of public hospitals. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Institutional based unmatched case-control study was conducted in Bahir Dar town public hospitals among neonates admitted in the NICUs in 2019. A total of 387 participants were included in the study. Pretested, structured questionnaire, and data extraction checklist were used to collect results. Data analysis was done by using Stata version 14 . RESULTS: Low birth weight (adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=3.01, 95%CI: 1.50-5.58), nighttime delivery (AOR = 1.90, 95%CI: 1.13-3.13), lack skin to skin contact (AOR = 2.43, 95%CI: 1.42-4.16), delayed initiation of breast feeding (AOR = 2.24, 95%CI: 1.30-3.88), not wearing cape (AOR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.07-3.26), and low Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration (APGAR) score (AOR = 2.17, 95%CI: 1.15-4.10) were determinant variables of the neonatal hypothermia. CONCLUSIONS: Skin to skin contact, initiation of breast feeding, birth weight, time, low APGAR score, and not wearing cape were identified as independent determinates of neonatal hypothermia.

Green synthesized silver nanoparticle modified carbon paste electrode for SWAS voltammetric simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in Bahir Dar Textile discharged effluent.

The principal objective of this research was to demonstrate the sensitivity and selectivity of carbon paste electrode modified with Ocimum Sanctum leaf extract synthesized silver nanoparticles for simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in discharged textile effluent. While UV-Vis, XRD and FT-IR were used to fully characterize the green synthesized silver nanoparticles, cyclic voltammetry was used to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of the two metals at the modified electrode relative to the unmodified electrode. Square wave anodic stripping (SWAS) voltammetric current showed linear dependence on the concentration in the range 5-160 ppm with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.9976 and 0.9996 for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. The method also showed extremely low detection limit (0.0891ppm for Cd(II) and 0.048 ppm for Pb(II)) making the method superior over the previously reported methods. Recovery results of 94.3 for Cd(II) and 101.0% for Pb(II) validated the applicability of the method for simultaneous determination of the two metals in a complex matrix textile effluent sample. While levels of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in the untreated sample were 117.0 and 128.3 ppm, their levels in the treated sample were 17.7 and 101.4 ppm, respectively confirming the low efficiency of the treatment plant the factory claims to have. The level of the studied metals in the discharged effluent is much higher than the permissible limit indicating extent of pollution of the water system to which the effluent is discharged.

Women's satisfaction with childbirth care in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2014: cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Globally, each year more than half million women die from pregnancy-related causes and an estimated 10 million experience injuries, infections and disease that can cause lifelong suffering attributed to poor quality care. Client satisfaction on health care delivery is an indication of quality care and reported to affect health service utilization. Individuals happy with the care received comply with services and follow up. The aim of this study was to assess women's satisfaction with care during child birth and associated factors. METHODS: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on women delivering their baby in April to May 2014. Systematic sampling procedure was used to select 594 eligible women, and face to face interview technique was used to collect the data. The data were coded, entered into EPI-INFO (3.5.1) and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software package. RESULTS: The findings of this study revealed that the proportion of women satisfied with childbirth care service was 74.9 %. Mothers whose age less than 20, and 20-34 years were less likely to satisfy with the care during child birth compared to mothers whose age was above 35 years (AOR = 0.17, 95 % CI 0.04-0.68, and AOR = 0.13.95 % CI 0.13-0.85). Besides, women who did not attend ANC were more than 3 times likely to satisfy with care compared to women attended ANC (AOR = 3.75, 95 % CI 1.12-12.59). Moreover, who who gave birth for the first time, and two to five times were more than 4 times likely to satisfy compared to women who gave birth for more than 5 times (AOR = 4.68, 95 % CI 1.75-12.54, and AOR = 4.38, 95 % CI 1.91-12.22). CONCLUSION: Only 75 % of women gave birth satisfied with the care they received. Moreover, age of women, antenatal care follow-up and the number of deliveries were important predictors of level of satisfaction. Therefore, the hospital administration and health professionals need to offer patient oriented service to increase level of satisfaction, as it is one of the measures of quality care.

Prevalence and correlation of hypertension among adult population in Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the most common causes of premature death and morbidity and has a major impact on health care costs. It is an important public health challenge to both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and correlates of hypertension. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2014 among 681 adult residents of Bahir Dar city using multistage sampling techniques. An interview-administrated questionnaire and physical measurements such as blood pressure (BP), weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences were employed to collect the data. The data were coded, entered, and analyzed with SPSS version 16 software package. RESULTS: A total of 678 responses were included in the analysis resulting in a response rate of 99.6%. The findings declared that 17.6%, 19.8%, and 2.2% of respondents were prehypertension, hypertension stage I, and hypertension stage II, respectively, on screening test. The overall prevalence of hypertension (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or known hypertensive patient taking medications) was 25.1%. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age; having ever smoked cigarette; number of hours spent walking/cycling per day; number of hours spent watching TV per day; history of diabetes; adding salt to food in addition to the normal amount that is added to the food during cooking; and body mass index were statistically significant predictors of hypertension. CONCLUSION: One out of every four respondents of the study had hypertension, and more than one out of three cases of hypertension (38.8%) did not know that they had the hypertension; 17.6% of the respondents were in prehypertension stage, which adds to overall future risk of hypertension. Therefore, mass screening for hypertension, health education to prevent substance use, regular exercise, reducing salt consumption, and life style modifications are recommended.