The role of annexin A1 peptide in regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to reduce lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass in rats.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) -induced lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a large challenge in cardiac surgery; up to date, no effective treatment has been found. Annexin A1 (AnxA1) has an anti-inflammatory effect, and it has been proven to have a protective effect on CPB-induced lung injury. However, the specific mechanism of AnxA1 in CPB-induced lung injury is not well studied. Therefore, we established a CPB-induced lung injury model to explore the relevant mechanism of AnxA1 and try to find an effective treatment for lung protection. METHODS: Male rats were randomized into five groups (n = 6, each): sham (S group), I/R exposure (I/R group), I/R + dimethyl sulfoxide (D group), I/R + Ac2-26 (AnxA1 peptide) (A group), and I/R + LY294002 (a PI3K specific inhibitor) (AL group). Arterial blood gas analysis and calculation of the oxygenation index, and respiratory index were performed. The morphological changes in lung tissues were observed under light and electron microscopes. TNF-α and IL-6 and total protein in lung bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB (p65) as well as p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-NF-κB (p65), and AnxA1 were detected via western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the I/R group, the A group showed the following: lower lung pathological damage score; decreased expression of IL-6 and total protein in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and TNF-α in the lung; increased lung oxygenation index; and improved lung function. These imply the protective role of Ac2-26, and show that LY294002 inhibited the ameliorative preconditioning effect of Ac2-26. CONCLUSION: This finding suggested that the AnxA1 peptide Ac2-26 decreased the inflammation reaction and CPB-induced lung injury in rats, the lung protective effects of AnxA1may be correlated with the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

PLCE1 is a poor prognostic marker and may promote immune escape from osteosarcoma by the CD70-CD27 signaling pathway.

Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) is involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers. However, the biological role of PLCE1 in osteosarcoma (OS) is still poorly understood. The prognostic survival analysis was performed on the PLCE1gene in the TARGET data set and the differential expression of PLCE1 in OS tissue and normal bone tissue on the tissue chip was detected by immunohistochemistry. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis was implemented to explore the relationship between PLCE1 and immune genes. Finally, PLCE1 was silenced to explore its biological function in OS cells. The results of tissue chip immunohistochemistry showed that PLCE1 expression in OS tissue was higher than in normal bone tissue. The survival curve of PLCE1 and its corresponding receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that PLCE1 had a significant effect on the survival status of patients with OS and that the prognosis of patients with high PLCE1 expression was relatively poor. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis and qRT-PCR assays found that PLCE1 may promote immune escape from OS via CD70-CD27 signaling pathway. Silencing of PLCE1 causes the following biological behaviors of OS cells: it promotes apoptosis, inhibits proliferation of OS cells, and inhibits the ability of cell migration and invasion. PLCE1 is a poor prognostic marker and a potential key factor affecting the immune status of the OS tumor microenvironment.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on stress hormones in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Stress response always occurs in cardiac valve replacement patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: 60 patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement were recruited and randomized into control and Dex groups. Dex group received 1.0 µg·kg-1 of Dex for 10 min intravenously before anesthesia, followed by 0.5 µg·kg-1·h-1 of Dex, steadily administered throughout the procedure. And controlled group received the identical velocity of saline as Dex group. Plasma level of cortisol (Cor), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) were evaluated at four timepoints: Before administration (T0), sawn sternum (T1), end of extracorporeal circulation (T2), and 24 h post operation (T3). General data of operation and recovery such as heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), intraoperative bispectral index (BIS), and hospitalization time in the intensive care unit (ICU) were also compared. RESULTS: Increase of Cor, E, NE, and 5-HT for the Dex group was significant lesser than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and ICU hospitalization time and ventilator support time was significantly shorter in the Dex group. The proportion of patients discharged from the hospital with better prognosis was significantly higher than that in the control group, while there were no significant differences in hospitalization costs and vasoactive drugs use between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Dex reduces plasma Cor, E and NE elevations in patients after CPB, alleviates the stress reaction of the body, shortens the hospitalization time and ventilator support time in ICU, and plays a positive role in the rehabilitation of patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. TRIAL REGISTRATION: China Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR-IPR-17010954) March 22rd, 2017.

[Application of pasteurized tumor-bearing bone replantation for primary malignant bone tumor of extremities].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of the pasteurized tumor-bearing bone replantation in treatment of primary malignant bone tumor of extremities. METHODS: Between February 2012 and June 2016, 13 patients with primary malignant bone tumor of extremities were treated with pasteurized tumor-bearing bone replantation after extensive excision. There were 8 males and 5 females, aged from 11 to 27 years, with an average of 17.4 years. Tumors were located at the mid-upper humerus in 2 cases, the mid-upper femur in 2 cases, the mid-lower femur in 6 cases, the mid-upper tibia in 2 cases, and the middle tibia in 1 case. According to Enneking staging system, 3 patients were classified as stage ⅠB, 5 patients as stage ⅡA, and 5 patients as stage ⅡB. There were 11 cases of osteosarcoma and 2 cases of chondrosarcoma. The disease duration ranged from 3 to 8 months, with an average of 4.8 months. The length of the tumor-bearing bone ranged from 8 to 16 cm, with an average of 12.5 cm. Postoperative follow-up was conducted regularly to evaluate the status of inactivated bone and complications. The limb function was assessed by the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society 93 (MSTS-93) scoring system. RESULTS: All 13 patients were followed up 26-79 months, with an average of 50.5 months. Eleven patients survived without tumors. Two patients had local soft tissue recurrence and underwent amputation, 1 had lung metastasis after amputation and died. All patients had no complications of bone resorption, shortening, and internal fixation disorder. The nonunion of osteotomy occurred in 4 cases. Among them, 3 cases were successfully healed after autologous iliac bone grafting, and 1 case was treated conservatively. The healing time of metaphyseal osteotomy end was 10-15 months (mean, 12.6 months), the healing rate was 90.9% (10/11); the healing time of diaphyseal osteotomy end was 12-21 months (mean, 17.0 months), the healing rate was 72.7% (8/11); and the total healing rate of osteotomy end was 81.8% (18/22). One case had inactivated bone fracture and 1 case had incision dehiscence and infection after operation. At last follow-up, the MSTS-93 score of affected limb ranged from 21 to 28, with an average of 25.3. CONCLUSION: The procedure of the pasteurized tumor-bearing bone replantation is an effective, simple, and economic way in repair of massive segmental bone defect to save limb function for primary malignant bone tumor of extremities.

[The microstructure and Raman spectra analysis of MAO film on pure titanium].

In the present work, five films on the surface of pure titanium were formed by microarc oxidation technique at various applied voltages: 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 V. The phase component and microstructure of these films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The result shows that the surface of the films is covered by numerous micropores. With the increase in applied voltage, the size of these micropores increases, but the density of these micropores declines. These films consist of anatase and rutile phases, and the phase component of the film is closely related to the applied voltage. In the condition of lower applied voltage, the film is mainly composed of anatase phase. With increasing the applied voltage, the content of rutile phase increases, and when the applied voltage ranges from 400 to 450 V, the rutilephase increases sharply and becomes domain phase.

[Spectroscopy study of rubidium spectrum lamps].

Rubidium spectral lamp is one of the critical parts in a rubidium atomic frequency standard (RAFS). The light emitted from the spectral lamp contains two components, one is the useful component, which contributes to the atomic transition signal, and the other is the useless component, which acts only as the light noise. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the frequency locking loop of a RAFS, and therefore to obtain a highly stable RAFS, it's very important to enhance the useful light component and suppress the useless component. In the present work the light spectra of the three commonly used rubidium spectrum lamps with bulbs separately filled with buffer gases argon, krypton and xenon were obtained by means of a monochromator. The spectra were analyzed and the methods to enhance useful light intensity and reduce useless light intensity were discussed. Results showed that the useful light intensity strongly depends on the types of buffer gases and the bulb temperature. In the whole range of bulb temperature, the Xe lamp had the highest useful light intensity among the three lamps. The Kr lamp showed a higher useful light intensity than the Ar lamp at low bulb temperature, while at high bulb temperature the Ar lamp showed a higher useful light intensity than the Kr lamp. Analysis also indicates that the light noise of a rubidium spectrum lamp can be effectively minimized by adopting suitable light filtering technique.