Research progress in isolation and identification of rumen probiotics.

With the increasing research on the exploitation of rumen microbial resources, rumen probiotics have attracted much attention for their positive contributions in promoting nutrient digestion, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, and improving production performance. In the past two decades, macrogenomics has provided a rich source of new-generation probiotic candidates, but most of these "dark substances" have not been successfully cultured due to the restrictive growth conditions. However, fueled by high-throughput culture and sorting technologies, it is expected that the potential probiotics in the rumen can be exploited on a large scale, and their potential applications in medicine and agriculture can be explored. In this paper, we review and summarize the classical techniques for isolation and identification of rumen probiotics, introduce the development of droplet-based high-throughput cell culture and single-cell sequencing for microbial culture and identification, and finally introduce promising cultureomics techniques. The aim is to provide technical references for the development of related technologies and microbiological research to promote the further development of the field of rumen microbiology research.

Laser-Induced Graphene-based Flexible Substrate with Photothermal Conversion and Photoresponse Performance on Polyimide Film.

Graphene-based flexible electronic devices are widely used in photoelectric components and photodetectors. However, it remains a huge challenge to fabricate graphene-based flexible devices efficiently and economically. Compared with the flexible electronic devices made by combining the flexible film with metal and semiconductor materials, the graphene-based flexible substrate (GFS) can be efficiently and conveniently induced by laser direct writing on the flexible film. In this paper, the GFS with a resistance of as low as 15 Ω was successfully induced by CO2 laser on a polyimide (PI) film in one step, and the GFS surface covered with carbon nanoparticles (GFSC) with a resistance of 25 Ω was further induced by femtosecond (fs) laser reprocessing. Benefiting from the laser-induced porous graphene structure, the absorptivity of GFS is up to 90% in the wavelength range of 200-2000 nm. The formation of carbon nanoparticles on the GFSC surface further improves the absorptivity to 97.5% in a wide spectral range. Under white light irradiation of 1 sun, the surface temperature of GFS reaches 65.7 °C and that of GFSC is up to 70.8 °C within 2 min. Under the irradiation of a light-emitting diode (LED) with a central wavelength of 365 nm, the highest photoresponsivity of GFS and GFSC was 8.8 and 1.3 mA/W, respectively. The response time and recovery time of GFS are 8 and 7.3 s, and those of GFSC are 8.3 and 6.7 s, respectively. Importantly, GFSC has a more stable photoresponse performance due to the better electron capture and transfer capability of carbon nanoparticles. It is believed that GFS and GFSC have great application potential in flexible photodetectors and sensors.

Strong Plasmon-Mie Resonance in Si@Pd Core-Ω Shell Nanocavity.

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can be used to enhance the generation of the hot electrons in plasmon metal nanocavity. In this paper, Pd nanomembrane (NMB) is sputtered on the surface of Si nanosphere (NS) on glass substrate to form the Si@Pd core-Ω shell nanocavity. A plasmon-Mie resonance is induced in the nanocavity by coupling the plasmon resonance with the Mie resonance to control the optical property of Si NS. When this nanocavity is excited by near-infrared-1 (NIR-1, 650 nm-900 nm) femtosecond (fs) laser, the luminescence intensity of Si NS is dramatically enhanced due to the synergistic interaction of plasmon and Mie resonance. The generation of resonance coupling regulates resonant mode of the nanocavity to realize multi-dimensional nonlinear optical response, which can be utilized in the fields of biological imaging and nanoscale light source.

Resonance Coupling in Si@WS2Core-Ω Shell Nanostructure.

Realizing strong laser-matter interaction in a heterostructure consisting of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and an optical nanocavity is a potential strategy for novel photonic devices. In this paper, two core-Ω shell nanostructures, Si@WS2 core-Ω shell nanostructure on glass/Si substrates, are briefly introduced. A strong laser-matter interaction occurred in the Si@WS2 core-Ω shell nanostructure when it was excited by femtosecond (fs) laser in the near-infrared-1 region (NIR-1, 650 nm-950 nm), resulting in a resonance coupling between the electric dipole resonance (EDR) of the Si nanosphere (NS) and the exciton resonance of the WS2 nanomembrane (NMB). The generation of resonance coupling regulates the resonant mode of the nanostructure to realize the multi-dimensional nonlinear optical response, which can be utilized in the fields of biological imaging and nanoscale light source.

Study on image data cleaning method of early esophageal cancer based on VGG_NIN neural network.

In order to clean the mislabeled images in the esophageal endoscopy image data set, we designed a new neural network VGG_NIN. Based on the new neural network structure, we developed a method to clean the mislabeled images in the esophageal endoscopy image data set. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we designed two experiments using 3835 esophageal endoscopy images provided by West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The experimental results showed that the proposed method could clean about 93% of the mislabeled images in the data set, which was the first time in the cleaning of esophageal endoscopy image data set. Finally, in order to verify the generalization ability of this method, we cleaned the Kaggle open cat and dog data set, and cleaned out about 167 mislabeled images. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively screen the mislabeled images in the esophageal endoscopy image data set and has good generalization ability, which can provide great help for the development of high-performance gastrointestinal endoscopy image analysis model.

Study on Soot Emission Characteristics of Methane/Oxygen Inverse Diffusion Flame.

Inverse diffusion flame (IDF) is an effective and widely used reaction form in the process of noncatalytic partial oxidation (NC-POX) of gaseous hydrocarbons (such as natural gas and coke oven gas). However, soot is generated in the combustion chamber in the case of unreasonable feeding conditions, and thus causes serious damage to the wall and nozzle. In this study, the effects of the equivalence ratio ([O/C]e), the oxygen flow rate, and the Reynolds number on the soot and CH* emission characteristics of CH4/O2 inverse diffusion flame were comprehensively analyzed based on a hyperspectral imaging system. In addition, the relationship between CH* and soot is explored using Ansys Fluent simulation. The experimental results show that the soot radiation core generation area is located in the outer ring of the flame, and the radial distribution of the radiation intensity is bimodal. With the increase in [O/C]e, the initial position for soot radiation and the overall radiation intensity of soot decrease. In addition, the CH* radiation intensity decreases as [O/C]e increases, and CH* exists in the whole flame. The simulation results clearly show that the existence of CH* is conducive to soot production. The emission intensity and the core area of soot formation increase with the increase in the oxygen velocity. Additionally, the soot emission region increases and the flame tip changes from a round blunt to symmetrical tip with the increase in the Reynolds number.