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STUDY DESIGN: An experimental study in a cervical intervertebral fusion goat model. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of bioactive xenogeneic porcine cancellous bone applied to the intervertebral fusion of goat cervical vertebrae. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although autogenous bone achieves satisfied outcome in cervical intervertebral fusion, it is limited and cause several complications. The application of xenogeneic bone has potential to solve these problems. METHODS: Thirty local goats were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A (12 goats): autogenous tricortical iliac bone group; group B (6 goats): polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage with autologous bone; and group C (12 goats): PEEK cage with bioactive xenogeneic porcine cancellous bone. C3-C4 discectomy was performed in each group and the above bone graft and bone graft substitutes were implanted. Lateral cervical spine x-rays were taken at preoperative; immediately postoperative; and 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively every goat. Disc space heights (DSHs) were measured on lateral x-rays. CT examination was performed at 12 and 24 weeks after surgery for the fusion score. After 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, 3 goats were euthanized in both groups A and C to evaluate the immune rejection response through histology. At 12 and 24 weeks after surgery, 3 goats were euthanized in each group. The cervical implants fusion outcome was evaluated through specimen histology observation. RESULT: As time extended, the immune rejection of bioactive xenogeneic porcine cancellous bone gradually subsided. Radiology, specimen observation, and histology manifested that the C3-4 vertebral bodies of goats in each group gradually fused. All the goats in each group achieved bony fusion at 24 weeks after surgery. In terms of preventing intervertebral space collapse, the PEEK cage could achieve better results. There was no significant difference in the remaining experimental data (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Bioactive xenogeneic porcine cancellous bone can obtain satisfied fusion outcomes in cervical intervertebral fusion and is an ideal intervertebral fusion material in goats.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantines effectively prevented the spread of COVID-19 but also caused people to develop mental health problems. We thus aimed to verify the impact of social support and resilience on mental health and to uncover the moderating role played by time in isolation during the post-pandemic era. We administered a cross-sectional survey to 510 college students. The results found that social support directly and negatively predicted mental health problems, and this relationship was mediated by resilience. Through multigroup analysis, resilience partially mediated the relationship between social support and mental health during period of isolation 1 (PI1) and fully mediated this relationship during period of isolation 2 (PI2) and period of isolation 3 (PI3). Moreover, the path coefficient of resilience to mental health at T3 was significantly higher than that at T2. Thus, the effect of resilience on mental health increases with the duration of time in isolation.
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BACKGROUND: The lack of professional identity can impede the transition from nursing students to qualified nurses and exacerbate the shortage of health care professionals. Personality is important to resilience-building and professional identity development in nursing students. However, the associations among personality, resilience, and professional identity are less explored. The study aims to identify latent subtypes of personality, to evaluate the mediating role of resilience between personality and professional identity in nursing students, and to provide practical guidance for educators' subsequent interventions with nursing students' professional identity. METHODS: 1397 nursing students were recruited from Be Resilient to Nursing Career (BRNC) between October 2020 and April 2022 by cluster sampling from 4 universities in China. NEO Five-Factor Inventory, 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Professional Identity Questionnaire for Undergraduate Students were administered. Analyses of latent profiles and mediations were performed. RESULTS: Three latent personality types were identified: Over-sensitivity (35.4%), Ordinary (53.8%), and Flexibility (10.8%). Nursing role model was found to be a significant indicator of personality (Ordinary as ref, Over-sensitivity: OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57-0.93, P = 0.010; Flexibility: OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.29-2.65, P = 0.001). The association between personality portraits and professional identity were significantly mediated by resilience (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There exists heterogeneity in nursing students' personality. Resilience plays a significant role in mediating the relationship between personality and professional identity.
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to a severe permanent disability. A poor inflammatory microenvironment and nerve electric signal conduction block are the main reasons for difficulty in spinal cord nerve regeneration. In this study, black phosphorus (BP) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) are integrated into methacrylate-modified silk fibroin (SF) to construct a bifunctional injectable hydrogel (SF/BP/GA) with appropriate conductivity and the ability to inhibit inflammation to promote neuronal regeneration after SCI. This work discovers that the SF/BP/GA hydrogel can reduce the oxidative damage mediated by oxygen free radicals, promote the polarization of macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors, and improve the inflammatory microenvironment. Moreover, it induces neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation and neurosphere formation, restores signal conduction at the SCI site in vivo, and ameliorates motor function in mice with spinal cord hemisection, revealing a significant neural repair effect. An injectable, electroconductive, free-radical-scavenging hydrogel is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI repair.
Subject(s)
Fibroins , Glycyrrhizic Acid , Hydrogels , Nanocomposites , Phosphorus , Spinal Cord Injuries , Animals , Fibroins/chemistry , Fibroins/pharmacology , Hydrogels/chemistry , Hydrogels/pharmacology , Spinal Cord Injuries/therapy , Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapy , Mice , Phosphorus/chemistry , Glycyrrhizic Acid/chemistry , Glycyrrhizic Acid/pharmacology , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Free Radical Scavengers/chemistry , Neural Stem Cells/drug effects , Neural Stem Cells/cytology , Neural Stem Cells/metabolism , Electric Conductivity , Spinal Cord Regeneration/drug effects , Cell Differentiation/drug effectsABSTRACT
This study introduces a time-domain-based phase compensation method to address decoherence effects in optical heterodyne detection, which is critical for remote sensing and distance imaging. The numerical simulations demonstrate a substantial reduction in localization bias (6.56-2.85) and an increased probability of bias values below 2 (21.6%-70.5%). The experiments show significant improvement in whiteboard distance imaging accuracy at 10 m from the detector, with 91.7% of the data falling within 10-12 m, compared to a mere 2.3% accuracy before compensation. The method effectively enhances intensity image quality, mitigates decoherence phenomena, and improves detection accuracy and reliability without additional hardware.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) enhanced the effect of Occupational Therapy (OT) on post-stroke limb functional recovery and quality of life, using direct and network meta-analysis. METHODS: A computerized search was conducted in databases such as Medline, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang Data, and VIP Information for prospective randomized controlled trials on OT, FES, and tDCS for improving post-stroke limb motor function and quality of life, with the search cutoff date of July 1, 2023. RESULTS: Following the screening process, a total of 8 research articles were incorporated, encompassing 358 participants. Among these, 177 individuals underwent OT exclusively, while 181 individuals underwent a combined regimen of OT alongside electromagnetic therapy. In terms of the intervention methods, the control group received OT treatment only, while the experimental group employed tDCS in 5 studies and FES in 3 studies. Within these investigations, Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores were reported in 8 studies. The aggregated mean difference (MD) for FMA scores was 5.08 (95% CI: 2.46, 7.71), with a specific MD of 2.77 (95% CI: 1.46, 4.09) for the tDCS subgroup and 9.04 (95% CI: 5.34, 12.73) for the FES subgroup. Notably, FES combined with OT exhibited significant advantages in enhancing FMA scores when compared to the combination of tDCS and OT. Furthermore, four studies provided data on modified Barthel Index (MBI) scores, yielding a collective MD of 7.20 (95% CI: 4.44, 9.95). CONCLUSION: In patients with stroke, both FES combined with OT and tDCS combined with OT exhibit substantial enhancements in limb function and quality of life compared to OT alone. Notably, FES combined with OT yields superior clinical benefits when compared to the amalgamation of tDCS and OT.
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Diet , East Asian People , Sarcopenia , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Sarcopenia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hAMSCs) have strong multidirectional differentiation ability. Studies have found that transfection of target genes into target cells by lentivirus can enhance the differentiation potential of the cells. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) was found to improve vascular remodeling. Research is lacking on ACE2-hAMSCs. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ability to improve pulmonary arterial hypertension using ACE2-hAMSCs. METHODS: Lentiviruses overexpressing ACE2 were mixed with hAMSCs. Then, ACE2-hAMSCs and hAMSCs with good growth in logarithmic growth phase were collected. We detected their migration and angiogenesis. RT-qPCR technology was used to detect the expression levels of genes related to angiogenesis, and inflammation in the two cell lines, and western-blotting was used to detect the expression levels of ACE2. As an animal study, 21 rats were randomly divided into four different groups. Right heart hypertrophy, pulmonary angiogenesis, and serum inflammatory factors were measured before dissection. H&E staining was used to observe the inflammatory infiltration of lung tissues. RESULTS: The migration and angiogenesis of ACE2-hAMSCs were strongerthan that of hAMSCs alone. The expressions of genes in ACE2-hAMSCs were higher, and the expression of ACE2 protein in ACE2-hAMSCs was less. H&E staining showed that the inflammatory infilration of lung tissue in ACE2-hAMSCs groups was significantly improved. In addition, the ACE2-hAMSCs group had stronger pro-angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ACE2-hAMSCs can repair pulmonary vascular endothelial cell injury caused by pulmonary hypertension by promoting angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory ability. This shows that ACE2-hAMSCs have stronger ability to improve pulmonary vascular remodeling than hAMSCs alone.
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This study proposes an innovative active optical heterodyne detection system to address the limitations of existing swarm intelligence algorithms in resolving phase compensation issues within coherent detection systems. The design incorporates a high-speed camera array detector, offering improved practicality and a simplified structure. Employing a heuristic search algorithm (HSA) transforms the high-dimensional problem into multiple one-dimensional optimization problems, significantly enhancing algorithmic running speed. The HSA maintains excellent performance even with increased array elements, allowing for real-time phase correction in large arrays. Experimental results using shot peening comparison samples reveal a substantial amplification of the heterodyne signal spectrum amplitude peak, approximately 60 times greater than the original signal. This innovative approach holds great potential for active optical heterodyne detection of dim targets, paving the way for further research in the field.
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OBJECTIVE: The high prevalence of medication non-adherence in patients with chronic kidney disease places a tremendous burden on healthcare resources. The study was designed to develop and validate a nomogram model of medication non-adherence in patients with chronic kidney disease in China. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted. 1206 chronic kidney disease patients were consecutively enrolled from Be Resilient to Chronic Kidney Disease (registration number: ChiCTR2200062288) between September 2021 and October 2022 in four tertiary hospitals in China. The Chinese version of four-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used to assess the medication adherence of the patients and associated factors consisted of socio-demographic information, self-designed medication knowledge questionnaire, the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Beliefs about Medicine questionnaire, the Acceptance Illness Scale, and the Family Adaptation Partnership Growth and Resolve Index. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression was performed to select significant factors. Concordance index, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and decision curve analysis were estimated. RESULTS: The prevalence of medication non-adherence was 63.8%. Area under the curves ranged from 0.72 to 0.96 in internal and external validation sets. The predicted probabilities of the model were consistent with those of the actual observations by Hosmer-Lemeshow test (all P > .05). The final model included educational level, occupational status, duration of chronic kidney disease, medication beliefs (perceptions of the need to take medications and concerns about adverse effects), and illness acceptance (adaptation and acceptance of the disease). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of medication non-adherence among Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease. A nomogram model based on five factors has been successfully developed and validated and could be incorporated into long-term medication management.
Subject(s)
Nomograms , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Medication Adherence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Ischemic stroke has high morbidity, disability and mortality rates. The effective treatments recommended by guideline have considerable limitations due to their strict range of adaptation and narrow time window. Acupuncture is an effective and safe treatment for ischemic stroke, and the mechanism may be related to autophagy. In this systematic review, we aim to summarize and evaluate the evidence of autophagy in acupuncture therapy for animal models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS: Publications will be retrieved from the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, CVIP and Wanfang databases. We will include animal experimental studies of acupuncture for MCAO, and the control group will receive placebo/sham acupuncture or no treatment after model establishment. Outcome measures must include autophagy and will include neurologic scores and/or infarct size. The Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool will be used to assess the risk of bias. A meta-analysis will be performed if the included studies are sufficiently homogenous. Subgroup analyses will be conducted according to different intervention types and different types of outcomes. Sensitivity analyses will also performed to explore the heterogeneity and to assess the stability of the results. Publication bias will be assessed by funnel plots. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system will be applied to evaluate the quality of evidence in this systematic review. DISCUSSION: The results of this study may help to explain autophagy in acupuncture therapy for ischemic stroke. The limitation of this review is that all included studies will be retrieved from Chinese or English medical databases due to language barriers. REGISTRATION: We registered in PROSPERO on May 31, 2022. (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=329917) (CRD42022329917).
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Acupuncture Therapy , Ischemic Stroke , Animals , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery , Acupuncture Therapy/methods , Models, Animal , Autophagy , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Systematic Reviews as TopicABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: With the increasing incidence of stage IA lung cancer ≤1 cm in size, the optimal primary treatment remains to be controversial, and thus, we compared the survival of these patients treated with radiotherapy, wedge resection, segmentectomy, or lobectomy in a large population. METHODS: We identified patients with stage IA lung cancer ≤1 cm in size between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We compared the overall survival (OS) via Kaplan-Meier analysis and conducted Cox regression analysis via propensity score matching (PSM) method to identify the relative hazard ratio (HR) and difference of OS among these treatments in the subgroup stratified by four variables (age, total number of tumors, pathological grade, and histology). RESULTS: A total of 5435 patients were included with a median age of 68 years (range, 6-94 years), of which 2131 (39.2%) were male, and 3510 (64.6%) were adenocarcinoma. The 5-year OS rate was 67.1%, 34.5%, 61.6%, 72.1%, and 75.0% for the entire study population, radiotherapy, wedge resection, segmentectomy, and lobectomy, respectively. In PSM analysis, wedge resection and segmentectomy were all superior to radiotherapy (P < 0.001), and segmentectomy was superior to wedge resection (P = 0.043), while segmentectomy was comparable with lobectomy (P = 0.058). In patients with multiple tumors, radiotherapy brought similar survival to surgery (wedge resection versus radiotherapy, P = 0.323; segmentectomy versus radiotherapy, P = 0.170; lobectomy versus radiotherapy, P = 0.796). CONCLUSIONS: Among stage IA lung cancer with ≤1 cm, segmentectomy and lobectomy were identified as the potential effective treatments, with segmentectomy more preferred, while radiotherapy would be recommended in those with multiple tumors, which requires further verification.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Lung Neoplasms , Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Pneumonectomy/methods , Neoplasm Staging , SEER Program , Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/surgeryABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the dietary nutrient intake and the nutritional status of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and to explore the correlation between them, so as to provide theoretical basis for the formulation of proper nutritional treatment for children with DMD. Methods: A total of 223 children aged 2 to 14 years who came to West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from July 2017 to April 2021, and who were diagnosed with DMD by genetic testing were enrolled as the subjects of the study. Dietary assessment was conducted with a 3-day 24-hour dietary recall, and serum vitamin D level was measured by chemiluminescence method. Results: Only 33.2% of the children with DMD were found to be of normal nutritional status. The incidences of stunted growth, underweight, overweight and obesity were 13.5%, 14.4%, 14.3% and 8.1%, respectively. Among the children with DMD, those with serum vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency accounted for 9.0% and 89.7%, respectively. According to the dietary recall of the children with MDM, the daily energy ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat were (47.40±6.64)%, (14.46±2.22)%, and (38.17±5.30)%, respectively. The daily intake of dietary calcium and vitamin D were (433.32±164.39) mg per day and (155.73±89.30) IU per day, respectively. The ratio of daily protein intake to the estimated average requirement for protein ( P=0.003) and ratio of daily energy intake to the estimated energy requirement ( P=0.007) were lower in children with stunted growth than those of DMD children of normal nutritional status. Conclusion: The dietary structure of children with DMD is obviously not suited to their condition and nutritional deficiency coexists with overnutrition among them. Further research needs to be done for developing appropriate nutritional guidance programs and standardized nutritional management measures for children with DMD.
Subject(s)
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne , Nutritional Status , Child , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/complications , Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/epidemiology , Energy Intake , Eating , Growth Disorders , China/epidemiology , Vitamin DABSTRACT
Background: Disturbances in circadian rhythms are common among night-shift workers and result in poor sleep quality. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of circadian rhythms and their relationship with sleep quality is less explored in nursing interns. Therefore, we aimed to identify the latent subtypes of circadian rhythm, explore their relationship with sleep quality, and evaluate their moderating role between perceived stress and sleep quality in nursing interns. Materials and methods: In all, 452 nursing interns were recruited between October 2020 and January 2021 from Be Resilient to Nursing Career (BRNC), which is a multicenter, prospective cohort of a career growth program for nursing students. They were assessed using the 10-item Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, Circadian Type Inventory, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Latent profile analysis and moderation analysis were performed. Results: Overall, 72.3% of the nursing interns reported poor sleep quality. We identified three latent subtypes of circadian rhythms, namely, Vigorousness (40.1%), Inadaptability (18.6%), and Flexibility (41.1%). Females (OR = 1.97, 95% Cl: 1.01-3.83, P = 0.047) with normal body mass index (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 0.95-2.76, P = 0.078) were prone to Flexibility. Circadian rhythm types significantly moderated the association between perceived stress and sleep quality (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Nursing interns suffer from poor sleep. There exists heterogeneity of circadian rhythm subtypes in nursing interns, and attention should be paid to those with Inadaptability type. The association between perceived stress and sleep quality is significantly moderated by circadian rhythm subtypes.
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop after stroke attacks, and its rate ranges from 4 to 37% in the stroke population. Suffering from PTSD not only decreases stroke patient's quality of life, but also relates to their non-adherence of treatment. Since strokes often recur and progress, long-term medical management is especially important. However, previous studies generally focused on the epidemiological characteristics of post-stroke PTSD, while there are literally no studies on the psychological intervention. In our study, 170 patients with a first-ever stroke during the acute phase were recruited. They were randomized into Psycho-therapy group 1 and Control group 1, and were administered with preventive intervention for PTSD or routine health education, respectively. At 2-month follow-up, PTSD symptoms were evaluated. Participants who were diagnosed with post-stroke PTSD were further randomized into Psycho-therapy group 2 and Control group 2, and received supportive therapy or routine health counseling, respectively. At 6-month follow-up (1°month after the therapy was completed), PTSD symptoms were re-evaluated. Our results showed that at 2-month, the PTSD incidence in our series was 11.69%, and the severity of stroke was the only risk factor for PTSD development. The preventive intervention was not superior to routine health education for PTSD prevention. At 6-month, results indicated the supportive therapy did have a fine effect in ameliorating symptoms for diagnosed PTSD patients, superior to routine health counseling. Thus, our study was the first to provide evidence that the supportive therapy was effective in treating post-stroke PTSD early after its diagnosis. This clinical trial was preregistered on www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2100048411).
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Purpose: Sense of coherence is significant to mental health and professional development in nursing students. However, the association among stress/resource complex, sense of coherence, and professional identity is less explored in nursing students. This study was designed to identify latent subtypes of stress/resource complex and to evaluate the mediating role of sense of coherence between stress/resource complex types and professional identity in nursing students. Participants and Methods: A total of 595 nursing students were recruited from Be Resilient to Nursing Career (BRNC) between October and December 2021 and administered with 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, 10-item Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale, and Professional Identity Questionnaire for Undergraduate Students. Latent profile analysis and mediation analysis were performed. Results: Three latent subtypes of stress/resource complex were identified: Flexibility (14.8%), Ordinary (44.2%), and Maladjustment (41.0%). Nursing students with role model were prone to Ordinary (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.03-2.13, p = 0.035) and Flexibility (OR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.17-3.16, p = 0.011). The association between stress/resource complex types and professional identity was mediated by sense of coherence (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There exists heterogeneity in nursing students' stress/resource complex. The association between stress/resource complex subtypes and professional identity was mediated by sense of coherence.
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OBJECTIVES: The current study examines the mediating roles of resilience and self-efficacy and the moderating role of gender in the association between neuroticism and psychological distress in Chinese freshman nursing students (FNSs). METHODS: A total of 1220 FNSs were enrolled from the Be Resilient to Nursing Career (ChiCTR2000038693) Programme and the following instruments were administered to them: NEO Five-Factor Inventory, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. A moderated mediation analysis and a generalised additive model analysis were performed. RESULTS: The direct and indirect effects of neuroticism on psychological distress were significantly mediated by self-efficacy (B = 0.200, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.039), resilience (B = 0.021, 95% CI 0.007 to 0.038) and the interaction between self-efficacy and resilience (B = 0.016, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.028). The interactions between neuroticism and gender (ß = 0.102, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.203, p<0.05) and between resilience and gender were significant (ß = 0.160, 95% CI 0.045 to 0.275, p<0.01). A non-linear and positive association was confirmed between neuroticism and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy and resilience significantly mediate the relationship between neuroticism and psychological distress. Gender moderates the relationships between neuroticism and resilience and between resilience and psychological distress.
Subject(s)
Psychological Distress , Resilience, Psychological , Students, Nursing , China , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Neuroticism , Self EfficacyABSTRACT
According to the reconsolidation theory, memories can be modified through the destabilization-reconsolidation process. The rodent perirhinal cortex (PER; Brodmann areas 35 and 36) critically participates in the process of fear conditioning. Previous studies showed that some of the parahippocampal regions are critical for contextual fear memory reconsolidation. In our research, through a three-day paradigm of CFC, we showed that protein synthesis in PER of rats is required for memory reconsolidation, and activation of CB1 pathway is necessary but not sufficient in inducing memory destabilization. This result underlines parahippocampal regions in destabilization and reconsolidation process of fear memory besides amygdala and hippocampus.
Subject(s)
Fear/physiology , Memory/physiology , Perirhinal Cortex/metabolism , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Amygdala/metabolism , Animals , Hippocampus/metabolism , Male , Memory Consolidation/physiology , Rats , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
A high-performance thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane containing graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was constructed using a support-free interfacial polymerization (SFIP) technique. In this study, an ultrathin composited polyamide (PA) nanofilm was synthesized at the free piperazine (PIP)-GO suspension/trimesoyl chloride (TMC) interface, followed by transfer onto a polysulfone (PSf) UF substrate. The impact of GO loading (0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1 mg/mL) on the physiochemical properties, surface morphology, and hydrophilicity of the composited PA layer and membrane separation performance was investigated. It was found that the GO-modified TFN membranes showed ultra-high hydrophilicity due to the increase in the number of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the PA layer. We propose that GO nanosheets play a key role in improving membrane permeability because a strong hydration layer is formed between the water molecules and GO (embedded in the PA layer), acting as a protective film and minimizing the chance of foulants contacting the membrane surface. Compared with TFC, TFN-GO-0.5 simultaneously exhibited a higher water permeability of up to 12.8 L·m-2·h-1·bar-1 (58.1% higher than the TFC membrane) and a higher Na2SO4 rejection of approximately 98.4%. Moreover, the introduction of GO nanosheets into TFN membrane resulted in an improved antifouling performance. This facile SFIP method reveals the potential of GO nanosheets for the development of high performance TFN membranes.