[Unicondylar knee arthroplasties demonstrate a significantly increased risk of aseptic revisions compared with unconstrained and constrained TKA : Analysis of aseptic revisions after unicondylar and primary total knee arthroplasty of the German Arthroplasty Register]. / Unikondyläre Knieendoprothesen zeigen ein signifikant erhöhtes Risiko für aseptische Revisionen im Vergleich zu ungekoppelten und gekoppelten TKA : Eine Analyse von aseptischen Revisionen nach unikondylärer und primärer totaler Knieendoprothetik des Endoprothesenregisters Deutschland (EPRD).

OBJECTIVE: Owing to the ageing population the implantation rate of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continues to rise. Aseptic revisions in primary TKA are one of the main causes of revision. The aim of the following study was to determine the incidence of and reasons for aseptic revision in constrained and unconstrained TKA and in unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA). METHODS: The data collection was carried out with the help of the German Arthroplasty Register (EPRD). The reasons for aseptic revision surgery were worked out using this. The incidence and the comparison of aseptic revisions were analysed with the aid of Kaplan-Meier estimates. A multiple Chi-squared test with the Holm method was used to identify group differences in collateral ligament deficiencies. RESULTS: In total, 300,998 cases of knee arthroplasties were analysed, of which 254,144 (84.4%) were unconstrained TKA, 9993 (3.3%) were constrained TKA and 36,861 (12.3%) were UKA. The rate of aseptic revisions was significantly increased compared with unconstrained and constrained TKA (p < 0.0001). In constrained TKA, a revision rate of 2.0% for aseptic reasons was reported, whereas in unconstrained TKA 1.1% and in UKA 2.7% revision surgeries were identified. After 7 years the rates of aseptic revisions amounted to 3.3% for constrained TKA, 2.8% for unconstrained TKA and 7.8% for UKA. Ligament instability was the most common cause of aseptic revisions and accounted for 13.7% of unconstrained TKA. In constrained TKA ligament instability led to a revision in 2.8% of cases. In UKA, tibial loosening was identified to be the most common cause of revisions at 14.6%, whereas the progression of osteoarthritis was responsible for 7.9% of revisions. Ligament instability was observed in 14.1% of men compared with 15.9% of women in unconstrained TKA and in UKA in 4.6% of cases for both sexes. CONCLUSION: In patients with UKA the rates of aseptic revision are significantly higher than in unconstrained and constrained TKA. Ligament instability was the most common cause of aseptic revision in unconstrained TKA. In UKA, tibial loosening was the most common cause of revision surgery, whereas the progression of osteoarthritis was the second most common cause. Comparable levels of ligament instability were observed in both sexes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:  III, cohort study.

Boosted visible-light-induced photo-Fenton degradation of organic pollutants over a novel direct Z-scheme NH2-MIL-125(Ti)@FeOCl heterojunction catalyst.

Improving the charge separation, charge transfer, and effective utilization is crucial in a photocatalysis system. Herein, we prepared a novel direct Z-scheme NH2-MIL-125(Ti)@FeOCl (Ti-MOF@FeOCl) composite photocatalyst through a simple method. The prepared composite catalyst was utilized in the photo-Fenton degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The Ti-MOF@FeOCl (10FeTi-MOF) catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic performance and degraded 99.1 and 66% of RhB and CIP, respectively. However, the pure NH2-MIL-125(Ti) (Ti-MOF) and FeOCl catalysts achieved only 50 and 92% of RhB and 50 and 37% of CIP, respectively. The higher catalytic activities of the Ti-MOF@FeOCl composite catalyst could be due to the electronic structure improvements, photoinduced charge separations, and charge transfer abilities in the catalyst system. The composite catalysts have also enhanced adsorption and visible light-responsive properties, allowing for efficient degradation. Furthermore, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals, the reactive species trapping experiments, and Mott-Schottky (M - S) measurements revealed that the photogenerated superoxide radical (•O2-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and holes (h+) played a vital role in the degradation process. The results also demonstrated that the Ti-MOF@FeOCl heterojunction composite catalysts could be a promising photo-Fenton catalyst system for the environmental remediation. Environmental implications The discharging of toxic contaminants such as organic dyes, antibiotics, and other emerging pollutants to the environment deteriorates the ecosystem. Specifically, the residues of organic pollutants recognized as a threat to ecosystem and a cause for carcinogenic effects. Among them, ciprofloxacin is one of antibiotics which has biological resistance, and metabolize partially in the human or animal bodies. It is also difficult to degrade ciprofloxacin completely with traditional treatment methods. Similarly, organic dyes are also toxic and a cause for carcinogenic effects. Therefore, effective degradation of organic pollutants such as RhB and ciprofloxacin with appropriate method is crucial.

What are the age-related factors linked to aseptic revisions in constrained and unconstrained TKA as well as UKA? A register-based study from the German arthroplasty registry (EPRD).

PURPOSE: The implantation rate of total knee arthroplasties (TKA) is continuously growing. Aseptic problems are a major cause of revision. The aim of the following study was to determinate the incidence of aseptic revisions in primary knee arthroplasty as well as aseptic revision rates and influencing factors according to the patients' age and type of procedure. METHODS: Data collection was performed using the German Arthroplasty Registry. Influencing factors were analyzed according to the patients' age and type of procedure. Risk factors were calculated using multiple Log-rank test with the Holm's method. Incidence and comparison of aseptic revisions according to the patients' age and type of procedure were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier-estimates. Cox regression was applied to calculate the hazard ratio. RESULTS: Overall, 300,998 knee arthroplasties with 254,144 (84.4%) unconstrained TKA, 9,993 (3.3%) constrained TKA and 36,861 (12.3%) unicondylar knee arthroplasties (UKA) were analyzed. Patients younger than 65 years suffered a significantly higher aseptic revision rate than older patients (p < 0.0001). After one year, a revision rate of 1.1% was recorded for patients 65-74 years, 1.6% for patients under 65 years, and 1.3% for patients beyond 74 years. After seven years, patients younger than 65 years sustained in 5.0%, patients 65-74 years in 2.9% and patients beyond 74 years in 2.4% revision. In unconstrained TKA, an increased Elixhauser-score (HR = 1,75; HR = 1,54; HR = 1,7; p < 0,001) was a risk factor regardless the age. A TKA volume of 101-250 regardless the age (HR = 0,66; HR = 0,69; HR = 0,79) and > 250 under 75 years (< 65: HR = 0,72; 65-74: HR = 0,78; p = 0,001) were protective for aseptic revision. In UKA, male gender (HR = 0,81; HR = 0,72; HR = 0,57; p < 0,001), a UKA volume ≥ 51 for patients under 75 years (< 65: HR = 0,62; 65-74: HR = 0,59; p = 0,003) as well as cemented UKA for patients younger than 75 years (< 65: HR = 0,37; 65-74: HR = 0,37; p < 0,001) were detected as preventive factors. CONCLUSION: A significant increased rate of aseptic revisions was reported for patients younger than 65 years compared to older patients. An increased Elixhauser score was a risk factor, whereas male and a high volume of performed UKA or TKA could be identified as preventive factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, cohort study.

[Low UKA implantation volume, comorbidities, male sex, and implantation of constrained TKA are risk factors for septic revision after knee arthroplasty implantation : A register-based study from the German Arthroplasty Register]. / Geringes UKA-Implantationsvolumen, Komorbiditäten, männliches Geschlecht und die Implantation einer gekoppelten TKA sind Risikofaktoren für septische Revisionen nach Knieprothesenimplantation : Eine registerbasierte Studie aus dem Deutschen Endoprothesenregister (EPRD).

AIM: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the main causes of revision surgeries after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicondylar knee replacement. Patient- and hospital-related risk factors must be evaluated to prevent PJI. This study identifies influencing factors and differences in infection rates between various types of implant. METHODS: The basis for the data is the German Arthroplasty Register (EPRD). Septic revisions were calculated with the aid of Kaplan-Meier estimates, with septic revision surgery defined as the primary endpoint. Patients with constrained and unconstrained TKA or UKA were analysed using the Holm multiple log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazard model. The 300,998 cases of knee arthroplasty analysed included 254,144 (84.4%) unconstrained TKA, 9993 (3.3%) constrained TKA and 36,861 (12.3%) UKA, with a maximum follow-up of 7 years. RESULTS: After 1 year, the PJI rate was 0.5% for UKA and 2.8% for TKA, whereas after 7 years it was 4.5% for UKA and 0.9% for TKA (p < 0.0001). In constrained TKA, the PJI rate was significantly increased compared with unconstrained TKA (p < 0.0001). After 1 year, the PJI rate was 2.0% for constrained TKA and 0.8% for unconstrained TKA, as well as 3.1% and 1.4% respectively after 7 years. Implantation of a constrained TKA (HR = 2.55), male sex (HR = 1.84), an increased Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score (HR = 1.18-1.56) and an implantation volume of less than 25 UKA per year (HR = 2.15) were identified as risk factors for revision surgeries; an Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score of 0 (HR = 0.80) was identified as a preventive factor. CONCLUSIONS: A reduced implantation volume and constrained knee arthroplasty are linked to a higher risk of PJI. Comorbidities (increased Elixhauser Comorbidity Index score), male sex and a low UKA-implantation volume were identified as risk factors for PJI. Patients who fulfil these criteria need specific infection prevention measures. Further analyses are required to investigate the potential influence of prevention and risk factor modification. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

Efficacy of FERscore in predicting sensitivity to ferroptosis inducers in breast cancer.

Recent studies have highlighted the potential of ferroptosis in treating breast cancer. However, the efficacy of ferroptosis induction in the most common subtype, estrogen receptor-positive (ER + ) breast cancer, remains inadequately explored. This study unveils that both short-term and long-term treatment with ER-targeted endocrine agents sensitizes ER+ breast cancer cells to ferroptosis inducers, particularly the GPX4 inhibitor, revealing a non-mutational sensitization mechanism. Based on this finding, we introduce a 55-gene signature score (FERscore) tailored to assess ferroptosis susceptibility in breast cancer. Data from cell lines and primary tumors demonstrate significant lower FERscores in ER+ breast cancer compared to other subtypes; however, FERscores dramatically increase in endocrine-resistant ER+ tumor cells and residual tumors post-endocrine therapy. Furthermore, FERscore correlates positively with mesenchymal traits, stemness, immune cell infiltration, and cancer-associated fibroblasts enrichment, while inversely correlating with estrogen responsiveness and DNA repair capacity. Additionally, the FERscore proves effective in predicting therapeutic responses to anti-ER, anti-HER2, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, and anti-angiogenesis therapies in breast cancer. In summary, ferroptosis induction emerges as a promising avenue in breast cancer therapy. The FERscore offers an innovative tool for identifying patients who may benefit from ferroptosis-inducing therapies, especially those responsive to GPX4 inhibitors.

Esterified styrene-maleic acid copolymer modified silica as mixed-mode polymer-brush stationary phases for chromatographic separation.

Styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer has received much attention for its excellent solubilization characteristics. In this work, SMA copolymer brush-based chromatographic stationary phases were exploited and developed for the first time. First, SMA copolymer brush was in situ grown on the surface of spherical silica via living/controlled reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization method. Subsequently, as a proof-of-concept demonstration, the copolymer was esterified by diethylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether (DGME) and 2-(2-ethylhexyloxy) ethanol (EHOE), respectively. The obtained Sil-SMA-DGME and Sil-SMA-EHOE copolymer-brush chromatographic stationary phases were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The chromatographic retention mechanism indicated that both the two packed columns exhibited hydrophilic/reverse mixed-mode retention modes. The maximum column efficiency was up to 71,000 N/m. The chromatographic separation performance evaluation indicated that the novel kind of stationary phases had excellent separation capabilities for hydrophilic, hydrophobic compounds and phospholipid standards. In addition, by combination with mass spectrometry identification, the Sil-SMA-DGME column was further exploited for separation and identification of phospholipids in human lung cancer cells. Totally, 9 classes including 186 phospholipid species were successfully identified. The results demonstrated the promising application prospects of the novel kind of SMA copolymer-brush chromatographic stationary phases.

Room-temperature synthesis of a Zr-UiO-66 metal-organic framework via mechanochemical pretreatment for the rapid removal of EDTA-chelated copper from water.

Treatment of heavy metal pollution in complexed states within water bodies presents significant challenges in the current water treatment field. Adsorption as a means for the removal of heavy metals is characterized by its simplicity of operation, stable effluent, and minimal equipment requirements. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as adsorbents hold significant interest for applications in water treatment. In this study, we investigated a green synthesis approach for the ball-milling pretreated synthesis of UiO-66(Zr) at room temperature, abbreviated as UiO-66(Zr)-rm. Besides having the same thermal stability and crystal structure as the product from microwave-assisted synthesis (UiO-66(Zr)-mw), the resulting UiO-66(Zr)-rm features smaller particle size and superior mesoporous structure. The adsorption efficiency and mechanism for removing EDTA-chelated copper (EDTA-CuII), a complexed heavy metal in water, were extensively analyzed. UiO-66(Zr)-rm presented a maximum adsorption capacity over EDTA-CuII of 43 mg g-1 and a much higher adsorption rate (0.16 g (mg h)-1) than UiO-66(Zr)-mw (0.06 g (mg h)-1). Hierarchically mesostructured defects allow the sorbate to have more effective diffusion in a shorter time to achieve faster adsorption kinetics. Benefiting from the mild synthesis conditions and nontoxic solvents, UiO-66(Zr) has the potential to be produced at a scaled-up level, thereby exhibiting excellent adsorption performance for the removal of complexed heavy metals in the future.

Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty With or Without Antibiotic Bone Cement.

Importance: Despite increased use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in joint arthroplasty over recent decades, current evidence for prophylactic use of ALBC to reduce risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is insufficient. Objective: To compare the rate of revision attributed to PJI following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using ALBC vs plain bone cement. Design, Setting, and Participants: This international cohort study used data from 14 national or regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the UK, and the US. The study included primary TKAs for osteoarthritis registered from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, and followed-up until December 31, 2021. Data analysis was performed from April to September 2023. Exposure: Primary TKA with ALBC vs plain bone cement. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was risk of 1-year revision for PJI. Using a distributed data network analysis method, data were harmonized, and a cumulative revision rate was calculated (1 - Kaplan-Meier), and Cox regression analyses were performed within the 10 registries using both cement types. A meta-analysis was then performed to combine all aggregated data and evaluate the risk of 1-year revision for PJI and all causes. Results: Among 2 168 924 TKAs included, 93% were performed with ALBC. Most TKAs were performed in female patients (59.5%) and patients aged 65 to 74 years (39.9%), fully cemented (92.2%), and in the 2015 to 2020 period (62.5%). All participating registries reported a cumulative 1-year revision rate for PJI of less than 1% following primary TKA with ALBC (range, 0.21%-0.80%) and with plain bone cement (range, 0.23%-0.70%). The meta-analyses based on adjusted Cox regression for 1 917 190 TKAs showed no statistically significant difference at 1 year in risk of revision for PJI (hazard rate ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.89-1.52) or for all causes (hazard rate ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.89-1.40) among TKAs performed with ALBC vs plain bone cement. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, the risk of revision for PJI was similar between ALBC and plain bone cement following primary TKA. Any additional costs of ALBC and its relative value in reducing revision risk should be considered in the context of the overall health care delivery system.

Re-revision and mortality rate following revision total hip arthroplasty for infection.

Aims: This study compares the re-revision rate and mortality following septic and aseptic revision hip arthroplasty (rTHA) in registry data, and compares the outcomes to previously reported data. Methods: This is an observational cohort study using data from the German Arthroplasty Registry (EPRD). A total of 17,842 rTHAs were included, and the rates and cumulative incidence of hip re-revision and mortality following septic and aseptic rTHA were analyzed with seven-year follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to determine the re-revision rate and cumulative probability of mortality following rTHA. Results: The re-revision rate within one year after septic rTHA was 30%, and after seven years was 34%. The cumulative mortality within the first year after septic rTHA was 14%, and within seven years was 40%. After multiple previous hip revisions, the re-revision rate rose to over 40% in septic rTHA. The first six months were identified as the most critical period for the re-revision for septic rTHA. Conclusion: The risk re-revision and reinfection after septic rTHA was almost four times higher, as recorded in the ERPD, when compared to previous meta-analysis. We conclude that it is currently not possible to assume the data from single studies and meta-analysis reflects the outcomes in the 'real world'. Data presented in meta-analyses and from specialist single-centre studies do not reflect the generality of outcomes as recorded in the ERPD. The highest re-revision rates and mortality are seen in the first six months postoperatively. The optimization of perioperative care through the development of a network of high-volume specialist hospitals is likely to lead to improved outcomes for patients undergoing rTHA, especially if associated with infection.

UiO-66(Zr) as drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The toxicity for the human body of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) overdoses is a consequence of their low water solubility, high doses, and facile accessibility to the population. New drug delivery systems (DDS) are necessary to overcome the bioavailability and toxicity related to NSAIDs. In this context, UiO-66(Zr) metal-organic framework (MOF) shows high porosity, stability, and load capacity, thus being a promising DDS. However, the adsorption and release capability for different NSAIDs is scarcely described. In this work, the biocompatible UiO-66(Zr) MOF was used to study the adsorption and release conditions of ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac using a theoretical and experimental approximation. DFT results showed that the MOF-drug interaction was due to an intermolecular hydrogen bond between protons of the groups in the defect sites, (µ3 - OH, and - OH2) and a lone pair of oxygen carboxyl functional group of the NSAIDs. Also, the experimental results suggest that the solvent where the drug is dissolved affects the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetics are similar between the drugs, but the maximum load capacity differs for each drug. The release kinetics assay showed a solvent dependence kinetics whose maximum liberation capacity is affected by the interaction between the drug and the material. Finally, the biological assays show that none of the systems studied are cytotoxic for HMVEC. Additionally, the wound healing assay suggests that the UiO-66(Zr) material has potential application on the wound healing process. However, further studies should be done.

Low implantation volume, comorbidities, male sex and implantation of constrained TKA identified as risk factors for septic revision in knee arthroplasty: A register-based study from the German Arthroplasty Registry.

PURPOSE: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a major cause of revision surgery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA). Patient- and hospital-related risk factors need to be assessed to prevent PJI. This study identifies influential factors and differences in infection rates between different implant types. METHODS: Data were obtained from the German Arthroplasty Registry. Septic revisions were calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates with septic revision surgery as the primary endpoint. Patients with constrained and unconstrained TKA or UKA were analysed using Holm's multiple log-rank test and Cox's proportional hazards ratio. The 300,998 cases of knee arthroplasty analysed included 254,144 (84.4%) unconstrained TKA, 9993 (3.3%) constrained TKA and 36,861 (12.3%) UKA with a maximum follow-up of 7 years. RESULTS: At 1 year, the PJI rate was 0.5% for UKA and 2.8% for TKA, whereas at 7 years, the PJI rate was 4.5% for UKA and 0.9% for TKA (p < 0.0001). The PJI rate significantly increased for constrained TKA compared to unconstrained TKA (p < 0.0001). The PJI rate was 2.0% for constrained TKA and 0.8% for unconstrained TKA at 1 year and 3.1% and 1.4% at 7 years. Implantation of a constrained TKA (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.55), male sex (HR = 1.84), increased Elixhauser score (HR = 1.18-1.56) and implant volume of less than 25 UKA per year (HR = 2.15) were identified as risk factors for revision surgery; an Elixhauser score of 0 (HR = 0.80) was found to be a preventive factor. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced implant volume and constrained knee arthroplasty are associated with a higher risk of PJI. Comorbidities (elevated Elixhauser score), male sex and low UKA implant volume have been identified as risk factors for PJI. Patients who meet these criteria require specific measures to prevent infection. Further research is required on the potential impact of prevention and risk factor modification. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

Unicondylar knee arthroplasty demonstrating a significant increased risk for aseptic revisions compared to unconstrained and constrained total knee arthroplasty: An analysis of aseptic revisions after unicondylar and primary total knee arthroplasty of the German Arthroplasty Registry.

PURPOSE: Due to ageing population, the implantation rate of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) is continuously growing. Aseptic revisions in primary knee arthroplasty are a major cause of revision. The aim of the following study was to determinate the incidence and reasons of aseptic revisions in constrained and unconstrained TKA, as well as in unicondylar knee arthroplasties (UKAs). METHODS: Data collection was performed using the German Arthroplasty Registry. Reasons for aseptic revisions were calculated. Incidence and comparison of aseptic revisions were analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimates. A multiple χ2 test with Holm's method was used to detect group differences in ligament ruptures. RESULTS: Overall, 300,998 cases of knee arthroplasty with 254,144 (84.4%) unconstrained TKA, 9993 (3.3%) constrained TKA and 36,861 (12.3%) UKA were analysed. Aseptic revision rate in UKA was significantly increased compared to unconstrained and constrained TKA (p < 0.0001). In constrained TKA, a 2.0% revision rate for aseptic reasons were reported after 1 year, while in unconstrained TKA 1.1% and in UKA, 2.7% of revisions were identified. After 7 years in constrained TKA 3.3%, in unconstrained TKA 2.8%, and in UKA 7.8% sustained aseptic revision. Ligament instability was the leading cause of aseptic revision accounting for 13.7% in unconstrained TKA. In constrained TKA, 2.8% resulted in a revision due to ligament instability. In the UKA, the most frequent cause of revisions was tibial loosening, accounting for 14.6% of cases, while progression of osteoarthritis accounted for 7.9% of revisions. Ligament instability was observed in 14.1% of males compared to 15.9% of females in unconstrained TKA and in 4.6% in both genders in UKA. CONCLUSION: In patients with UKA, aseptic revision rates are significantly higher compared to unconstrained and constrained TKA. Ligament instability was the leading cause of aseptic revision in unconstrained TKA. In UKA, the most frequent cause of revisions was tibial loosening, while progression of osteoarthritis was the second most frequent cause of revisions. Comparable levels of ligament instability were observed in both sexes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, cohort study.

Biological Renewable Cellulose-Templated Zn1-XCuXO/Ag2O Nanocomposite Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Methylene Blue.

Herein, Cellulose-templated Zn1-XCuXO/Ag2O nanocomposites were prepared using biological renewable cellulose extracted from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Cellulose-templated Cu-doped ZnO catalysts with different amounts of Cu as the dopants (1, 2, 3, and 4%) were prepared and denoted CZ-1, CZ-2, CZ-3, and CZ-4, respectively, for simplicity. The prepared catalysts were tested for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), and 2% Cu-doped ZnO (CZ-2) showed the best catalytic performance (82%), while the pure ZnO, CZ-1, CZ-3, and CZ-4 catalysts exhibited MB dye degradation efficiencies of 54, 63, 65, and 60%, respectively. The best catalyst (CZ-2) was chosen to further improve the degradation efficiency. Different amounts of AgNO3 (10, 15, 30, and 45 mg) were used for the deposition of Ag2O on the surface of CZ-2 and denoted CZA-10, CZA-15, CZA-30, and CZA-45, respectively. Among the composite catalysts, CZA-15 showed remarkable degradation efficiency and degraded 94% of MB, while the CZA-10, CZA-30, and CZA-45 catalysts showed 90, 81, and 79% degradation efficiencies, respectively, under visible light within 100 min of irradiation. The enhanced catalytic performance could be due to the smaller particle size, the higher electron and hole separation and charge transfer efficiencies, and the lower agglomeration in the composite catalyst system. The results also demonstrated that the Cu-doped ZnO prepared with cellulose as a template, followed by the optimum amount of Ag2O deposition, could have promising applications in the degradation of organic pollutants.

Unveiling Advancements: Trends and Hotspots of Metal-Organic Frameworks in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are robust, crystalline, and porous materials featured by their superior CO2 adsorption capacity, tunable energy band structure, and enhanced photovoltaic conversion efficiency, making them highly promising for photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (PCO2RR). This study presents a comprehensive examination of the advancements in MOFs-based PCO2RR field spanning the period from 2011 to 2023. Employing bibliometric analysis, the paper scrutinizes the widely adopted terminology and citation patterns, elucidating trends in publication, leading research entities, and the thematic evolution within the field. The findings highlight a period of rapid expansion and increasing interdisciplinary integration, with extensive international and institutional collaboration. A notable emphasis on significant research clusters and key terminologies identified through co-occurrence network analysis, highlighting predominant research on MOFs such as UiO, MIL, ZIF, porphyrin-based MOFs, their composites, and the hybridization with photosensitizers and molecular catalysts. Furthermore, prospective design approaches for catalysts are explored, encompassing single-atom catalysts (SACs), interfacial interaction enhancement, novel MOF constructions, biocatalysis, etc. It also delves into potential avenues for scaling these materials from the laboratory to industrial applications, underlining the primary technical challenges that need to be overcome to facilitate the broader application and development of MOFs-based PCO2RR technologies.

Hierarchical Porous Bimetallic FeMn Metal-Organic Framework Gel for Efficient Activation of Peracetic Acid in Antibiotic Degradation.

Effective techniques for eliminating antibiotics from water environments are in high demand. The peracetic acid (PAA)-based advanced oxidation process has recently drawn increasing attention for its effective antibiotic degrading capability. However, current applications of PAA-based techniques are limited and tend to have unsatisfactory performance. An additional catalyst for PAA activation could provide a promising solution to improve the performance of PAA. Bulky metal-organic framework gels (MOGs) stand out as ideal catalysts for PAA activation owing to their multiple advantages, including large surface areas, high porosity, and hierarchical pore systems. Herein, a bimetallic hierarchical porous structure, i.e., FeMn13BTC, was synthesized through a facile one-pot synthesis method and employed for PAA activation in ofloxacin (OFX) degradation. The optimized FeMn MOG/PAA system exhibited efficient catalytic performance, characterized by 81.85% OFX degradation achieved within 1 h owing to the specific hierarchical structure and synergistic effect between Fe and Mn ions, which greatly exceeded the performance of the only PAA-catalyzed system. Furthermore, the FeMn MOG/PAA system maintained >80% OFX degradation in natural water. Quenching experiments, electron spin resonance spectra, and model molecular degradation revealed that the primary reactive oxygen species responsible for the catalytic effect was R-O•, especially CH3C(=O)OO•, with minor contributions of •OH and 1O2. Overall, introduction of the MOG catalyst strategy for PAA activation achieved high antibiotic degradation performance, establishing a paradigm for the design of heterogeneous hierarchical systems to broaden the scope of catalyzed water treatment applications.

Gamma irradiation induced degradation of organic pollutants: Recent advances and future perspective.

Different organic compounds in aquatic bodies have been recognized as an emerging issue in Environmental Chemistry. The gamma irradiation technique, as one of the advanced oxidation techniques, has been widely investigated in past decades as a technique for the degradation of organic molecules, such as dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals, which show high persistence to degradation. This review gives an overview of what has been achieved so far using gamma irradiation for different organic compound degradations giving an explanation of the mechanisms of degradations as well as the corresponding limitations and drawbacks, and the answer to why this technique has not yet widely come to life. Also, a new approach, recently presented in the literature, regards coupling gamma irradiation with other techniques and materials, as the latest trend. A critical evaluation of the most recent advances achieved by coupling gamma irradiation with other methods and/or materials, as well as describing the reaction mechanisms of coupling, that is, additional destabilization of molecules achieved by coupling, emphasizing the advantages of the newly proposed approach. Finally, it was concluded what are the perspectives and future directions towards its commercialization since this technique can contribute to waste minimization i.e. not waste transfer to other media. Summarizing and generalization the model of radiolytic degradation with and without coupling with other techniques can further guide designing a new modular, mobile method that will satisfy all the needs for its wide commercial application.

Photocatalytic activity of the biogenic mediated green synthesized CuO nanoparticles confined into MgAl LDH matrix.

The global concern over water pollution caused by organic pollutants such as methylene blue (MB) and other dyes has reached a critical level. Herein, the Allium cepa L. peel extract was utilized to fabricate copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. The CuO was combined with MgAl-layered double hydroxides (MgAl-LDHs) via a co-precipitation method with varying weight ratios of the CuO/LDHs. The composite catalysts were characterized and tested for the degradation of MB dye. The CuO/MgAl-LDH (1:2) showed the highest photocatalytic performance and achieved 99.20% MB degradation. However, only 90.03, 85.30, 71.87, and 35.53% MB dye was degraded with CuO/MgAl-LDHs (1:1), CuO/MgAl-LDHs (2:1), CuO, and MgAl-LDHs catalysts, respectively. Furthermore, a pseudo-first-order rate constant of the CuO/MgAl-LDHs (1:2) was 0.03141 min-1 while the rate constants for CuO and MgAl-LDHs were 0.0156 and 0.0052 min-1, respectively. The results demonstrated that the composite catalysts exhibited an improved catalytic performance than the pristine CuO and MgAl-LDHs. The higher photocatalytic performances of composite catalysts may be due to the uniform distribution of CuO nanoparticles into the LDH matrix, the higher surface area, and the lower electron and hole recombination rates. Therefore, the CuO/MgAl-LDHs composite catalyst can be one of the candidates used in environmental remediation.

Short-course neoadjuvant radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and toripalimab for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCALE-1): a single-arm phase Ib clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The optimal dosages, timing, and treatment sequencing for standard-of-care neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy necessitate re-evaluation when used in conjunction with immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with resectable, locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (RLaESCC). The SCALE-1 phase Ib study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of short-course neoadjuvant radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and toripalimab in this patient population. METHODS: RLaESCC patients with clinical stages cT3-4aN0M0/cT1-4aN+M0 received neoadjuvant paclitaxel (135 mg/m2), carboplatin (area under the curve=5), and toripalimab (240 mg) every 3 weeks for two cycles. Short-course neoadjuvant radiotherapy (30 Gy in 12 fractions; 5 days per week) was administered between neoadjuvant immune-chemotherapy (nICT) doses. Esophagectomies were scheduled 4-6 weeks after completing neoadjuvant treatment. The primary endpoint was safety, with secondary endpoints including pathological complete response (pCR) rate, postoperative complications, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Exploratory biomarker analysis used gene expression profiles via the nCounter platform. RESULTS: Of the 23 patients enrolled, all completed neoadjuvant radiotherapy, while 21 cases finished full nICT doses and cycles. Common grade 3/4 adverse events included neutropenia (57%), leukopenia (39%), and skin rash (30%). No grade 3 or higher esophagitis or pneumonitis occured. Twenty patients underwent surgery, and 11 achieved pCR (55%). Two patients (10%) experienced grade IIIb surgical complications. At the database lock, a 2-year PFS rate of 63.8% (95% CI 43.4% to 84.2%) and 2-year OS rate was 78% (95% CI 64.9% to 91.1%) were achieved. Tumor immune microenvironment analysis indicated that tumors with pCR exhibited significantly higher pretreatment T-cell-inflamed score and post-treatment reshaping of antitumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS: Combining short-course neoadjuvant radiotherapy with chemotherapy and toripalimab demonstrated favorable safety and promising efficacy in RLaESCC patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2100045104.

National survey on the availability of oncology palliative care services at tertiary general and cancer hospitals in China.

BACKGROUND: This nationwide survey studied the level of palliative care (PC) access for Chinese patients with cancer among cancer care providers either in tertiary general hospitals or cancer hospitals in China. METHODS: Using a probability-proportionate-to-size method, we identified local tertiary general hospitals with oncology departments to match cancer hospitals at the same geographic area. A PC program leader or a designee at each hospital reported available PC services, including staffing, inpatient and outpatient services, education, and research, with most questions adapted from a previous national survey on PC. The primary outcome was availability of a PC service. RESULTS: Most responders reported that some type of PC service (possibly called "comprehensive cancer care," "pain and symptom management," or "supportive care") was available at their institution (84.3% of tertiary general hospitals, 82.8% of cancer hospitals). However, cancer hospitals were significantly more likely than tertiary general hospitals to have a PC department or specialist (34.1% vs. 15.5%, p < 0.001). The most popular services were pain consultation (> 92%), symptom management (> 77%), comprehensive care plans (~ 60%), obtaining advanced directives and do-not-resuscitate orders (~ 45%), referrals to hospice (> 32%), and psychiatric assessment (> 25%). Cancer hospitals were also more likely than tertiary general hospitals to report having inpatient beds for PC (46.3% vs. 30.5%; p = 0.010), outpatient PC clinics (28.0% vs. 16.8%; p = 0.029), educational programs (18.2% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.014), and research programs (17.2% vs. 9.3%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cancer hospitals are more likely to offer PC than are tertiary general hospitals in China. Our findings highlight opportunities to further increase the PC capacity in Chinese hospitals.

The use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and systemic antibiotic prophylactic use in 2,971,357 primary total knee arthroplasties from 2010 to 2020: an international register-based observational study among countries in Africa, Europe, North America, and Oceania.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) have been used to reduce periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates. We investigated the use of ALBC and SAP in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This observational study is based on 2,971,357 primary TKAs reported in 2010-2020 to national/regional joint arthroplasty registries in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Romania, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA. Aggregate-level data on trends and types of bone cement, antibiotic agents, and doses and duration of SAP used was extracted from participating registries. RESULTS: ALBC was used in 77% of the TKAs with variation ranging from 100% in Norway to 31% in the USA. Palacos R+G was the most common (62%) ALBC type used. The primary antibiotic used in ALBC was gentamicin (94%). Use of ALBC in combination with SAP was common practice (77%). Cefazolin was the most common (32%) SAP agent. The doses and duration of SAP used varied from one single preoperative dosage as standard practice in Bolzano, Italy (98%) to 1-day 4 doses in Norway (83% of the 40,709 TKAs reported to the Norwegian arthroplasty register). CONCLUSION: The proportion of ALBC usage in primary TKA varies internationally, with gentamicin being the most common antibiotic. ALBC in combination with SAP was common practice, with cefazolin the most common SAP agent. The type of ALBC and type, dose, and duration of SAP varied among participating countries.