Changes in the correlation between substantia nigra hyperechogenicity area and Parkinson's disease severity at different Hoehn and Yahr stages.

BACKGROUND: It is debatable whether the area of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SN+) in transcranial sonography (TCS) is related to Parkinson's disease (PD) severity. Iron deposition, which is associated with the formation of SN+, may have different effects on dopamine nerve function as PD progresses. However, little research has explored the association between the SN + area and disease severity of PD in stages. METHODS: 612 PD patients with sufficient bone window were retrospectively included from a PD database, and disease severity was assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores. Based on the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) scale, we classified the patients into seven groups (H-Y stage 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, and 5) and then analyzed the correlations between the SN + area and the UPDRS scores separately. RESULTS: Our results indicated a U-shaped relationship between the initial-SN + area and disease severity in PD: In the H-Y stage 1 group, the initial-SN + area was negatively correlated with the UPDRS total score (r = - 0.456, p < 0.001) and UPDRS-III score (r = - 0.497, p < 0.001). No correlation was observed in the groups of H-Y stages 1.5, 2, and 2.5. In the groups of H-Y stage ≥ 3, the initial-SN + area was positively correlated with the UPDRS total score and UPDRS-III score, with strongest correlation in the H-Y stage 5 group (all p values < 0.05). Moreover, the larger SN + area and average SN + area showed a similar evolutionary trend of correlation with UPDRS total score and UPDRS-III score. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated a U-shaped correlation between the SN + area with the UPDRS total score and UPDRS-III score as H-Y stage progressed. The evolution of the correlation may reflect the evolution of underlying pathological mechanisms related to iron deposition in the substantia nigra.

MAC: Maximal Cliques for 3D Registration.

This paper presents a 3D registration method with maximal cliques (MAC) for 3D point cloud registration (PCR). The key insight is to loosen the previous maximum clique constraint and mine more local consensus information in a graph for accurate pose hypotheses generation: 1) A compatibility graph is constructed to render the affinity relationship between initial correspondences. 2) We search for maximal cliques in the graph, each representing a consensus set. 3) Transformation hypotheses are computed for the selected cliques by the SVD algorithm and the best hypothesis is used to perform registration. In addition, we present a variant of MAC if given overlap prior, called MAC-OP. Overlap prior further enhances MAC from many technical aspects, such as graph construction with re-weighted nodes, hypotheses generation from cliques with additional constraints, and hypothesis evaluation with overlap-aware weights. Extensive experiments demonstrate that both MAC and MAC-OP effectively increase registration recall, outperform various state-of-the-art methods, and boost the performance of deep-learned methods. For instance, MAC combined with GeoTransformer achieves a state-of-the-art registration recall of 95.7% / 78.9% on 3DMatch / 3DLoMatch. We perform synthetic experiments on 3DMatch-LIR / 3DLoMatch-LIR, a dataset with extremely low inlier ratios for 3D registration in ultra-challenging cases. Code will be available at: https://github.com/zhangxy0517/3D-Registration-with-Maximal-Cliques.

Diosmetin-7-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside from Pogostemonis Herba alleviated SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia by reshaping macrophage polarization and limiting viral replication.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Viral pneumonia is the leading cause of death after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite effective at early stage, long-term treatment with glucocorticoids can lead to a variety of adverse effects and limited benefits. The Chinese traditional herb Pogostemonis Herba is the aerial part of Pogostemon Cablin (Blanco) Benth., which has potent antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. It was used widely for treating various throat and respiratory diseases, including COVID-19, viral infection, cough, allergic asthma, acute lung injury and lung cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of chemical compounds from Pogostemonis Herba in SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2-overexpressing mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells and hACE2 transgenic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hACE2-overexpressing RAW264.7 cells were exposed with SARS-CoV-2. The cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay and cell apoptotic rate was by flow cytometric assay. The expressions of macrophage M1 phenotype markers (TNF-α and IL-6) and M2 markers (IL-10 and Arg-1) as well as the viral loads were detected by qPCR. The mice were inoculated intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant to induce viral pneumonia. The levels of macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells in the lung tissues of infected mice were analyzed by full spectrum flow cytometry. The expressions of key proteins were detected by Western blot assay. RESULTS: Diosmetin-7-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (DG) presented the strongest anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Intervention with DG at the concentrations of 0.625-2.5 µM not only reduced the viral replication, cell apoptosis, and the productions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in SARS-CoV-2-infected RAW264.7 cells, but also reversed macrophage polarity from M1 to M2 phenotype. Furthermore, treatment with DG (25-100 mg/kg) alleviated acute lung injury, and reduced macrophage infiltration in SARS-COV-2-infected mice. Mechanistically, DG inhibited SARS-COV-2 gene expression and HK3 translation via targeting YTHDF1, resulting in the inactivation of glycolysis-mediated NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS: DG exerted the potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. It reduced pneumonia in SARS-COV-2-infected mice via inhibiting the viral replication and accelerating M2 macrophage polarization via targeting YTHDF1, indicating its potential for COVID-19 treatment.

A new dicyanophenanthrene-based thermally activated delayed fluorophore: Design, synthesis, photophysical study, and electroluminescence application.

A novel thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter, DCNP-SCF, is developed based on a dicyanophenanthrene acceptor. DCNP-SCF is prepared by a simple C-N coupling reaction. Its thermal, theoretical, photophysical, and electroluminescent properties are investigated, emphasizing its potential in organic electroluminescence devices. DCNP-SCF demonstrates highly distorted donor-acceptor conformation, facilitating significant TADF for efficient triplet harvesting in electroluminescence devices. Additionally, due to the moderate electron push-pull effect, DCNP-SCF exhibits appropriate intramolecular charge transfer for considerable photoluminescence quantum yield for electroluminescence applications.

Incidence and influencing factors related to social isolation among HIV/AIDS patients: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLWH) are susceptible to social isolation as a result of stigma and discrimination, which not only diminishes adherence to antiretroviral therapy but also heightens the risks of hospital readmission, depression, and mortality. However, there is currently no systematic review addressing the occurrence and impact of social isolation in individuals with HIV. Therefore, this study undertook a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature to examine the prevalence and influencing factors associated with social isolation among PLWH. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China Science and Technology Journal Database, The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data and Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database will be searched from the establishment of the database to the latest search date. Literature screening, data extraction and literature quality assessment will be done independently by two researchers and results will be cross-referenced. Data analysis will be performed using stata15.1 software. Risk of publication bias will be assessed using Begg's and Egger's methods. Heterogeneity between studies will then be assessed using the I2 index and its 95% CI and Q statistics. Sources of heterogeneity will be accounted for by subgroup and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: The results may reveal the prevalence of social isolation among PLWH and provide data support for understanding its etiology and prevention. CONCLUSION: By systematically reviewing the existing literature on social isolation among PLWH, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of social isolation within this population, elucidate the detrimental effects it poses for people affected by HIV, and effectively inform targeted interventions for high-risk groups. Furthermore, these findings offer valuable insights to support evidence-based decision-making in public health policy. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024499044.

Successful treatment of resistant hypertension and severe complications in a 63-year-old man with primary aldosteronism without adrenalectomy: A case report.

Primary aldosteronism (PA), often due to aldosteronoma, commonly causes secondary hypertension and typically requires surgery. We present a case of an elderly man with longstanding hypertension, complicated by cerebral hemorrhage and myocardial infarction. Enhanced CT imaging identified a right-sided aldosteronoma and left adrenal gland fullness. Combined with upright supine aldosterone ratio, captopril challenge test, bilateral adrenal venous sampling, and CYP11B1/CYP11B2 fusion gene testing, the diagnosis of PA was confirmed. Despite the absence of surgical intervention in this patient, pharmacotherapy effectively managed hypertension and enhanced cardiac function, thereby underscoring the advantageous utilization of aldosterone antagonists in non-surgical candidates diagnosed with PA.

Achieving a Rapid Na+ Migration and Highly Reversible Phase Transition of NASICON for Sodium-Ion Batteries with Suppressed Voltage Hysteresis and Ultralong Lifespan.

Sodium ion batteries have attracted great attention for large scale energy storage devices to replace lithium-ion batteries. As a promising polyanionic cathode material of sodium-ion batteries, Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) belonging to NASICON exhibits large gap space and excellent structural stability, leading to a high energy density and ultralong cycle lifespan. To improve its stability and Na ion mobility, K+ cations are introduced into NVPF crystal as in situ partial substitution for Na+. The influence of K+ in situ substitution on crystal structure, electronic properties, kinetic properties, and electrochemical performance of NVPF are investigated. Through ex situ examination, it turns out that K+ occupied Na1 ion, in which the K+ does not participate in the charge-discharge process and plays a pillar role in improving the mobility of Na+. Moreover, the doping of K+ cation can reduce the bandgap energy and improve the electronic conductivity. Besides, the optimal K+ doping concentration in N0.92K0.08VPF/C is found so as to achieve rapid Na+ migration and reversible phase transition. The specific capacity of N0.92K0.08VPF/C is as high as 128.8 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C, and at 10 C its rate performance is excellent, which shows a capacity of 113.3 mAh g-1.

Full-length GSDME mediates pyroptosis independent from cleavage.

Gasdermin (GSDM) family proteins, known as the executors of pyroptosis, undergo protease-mediated cleavage before inducing pyroptosis. We here discovered a form of pyroptosis mediated by full-length (FL) GSDME without proteolytic cleavage. Intense ultraviolet-C irradiation-triggered DNA damage activates nuclear PARP1, leading to extensive formation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers. These PAR polymers are released to the cytoplasm, where they activate PARP5 to facilitate GSDME PARylation, resulting in a conformational change in GSDME that relieves autoinhibition. Moreover, ultraviolet-C irradiation promotes cytochrome c-catalysed cardiolipin peroxidation to elevate lipid reactive oxygen species, which is then sensed by PARylated GSDME, leading to oxidative oligomerization and plasma membrane targeting of FL-GSDME for perforation, eventually inducing pyroptosis. Reagents that concurrently stimulate PARylation and oxidation of FL-GSDME, synergistically promoting pyroptotic cell death. Overall, the present findings elucidate an unreported mechanism underlying the cleavage-independent function of GSDME in executing cell death, further enriching the paradigms and understanding of FL-GSDME-mediated pyroptosis.

Investigation of an Active Focusing Planar Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer.

Ultrasonic focusing transducers have broad prospects in advanced ultrasonic non-destructive testing fields. However, conventional focusing methods that use acoustic concave lenses can disrupt the acoustic impedance matching condition, thereby adversely affecting the sensitivity of the transducers. In this paper, an active focusing planar ultrasonic transducer is designed and presented to achieve a focusing effect with a higher sensitivity. An electrode pattern consisting of multiple concentric rings is designed, which is inspired by the structure of Fresnel Zone Plates (FZP). The structural parameters are optimized using finite element simulation methods. A prototype of the transducer is manufactured with electrode patterns made of conductive silver paste using silk screen-printing technology. Conventional focusing transducers using an acoustic lens and an FZP baffle are also manufactured, and their focusing performances are comparatively tested. The experimental results show that our novel transducer has a focal length of 16 mm and a center frequency of 1.16 MHz, and that the sensitivity is improved by 23.3% compared with the conventional focusing transducers. This research provides a new approach for the design of focusing transducers.

Effect of volatile versus propofol anaesthesia on major complications and mortality after cardiac surgery: a multicentre randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: The comparative effectiveness of volatile anaesthesia and total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in terms of patient outcomes after cardiac surgery remains a topic of debate. METHODS: Multicentre randomised trial in 16 tertiary hospitals in China. Adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive volatile anaesthesia (sevoflurane or desflurane) or propofol-based TIVA. The primary outcome was a composite of predefined major complications during hospitalisation and mortality 30 days after surgery. RESULTS: Of the 3123 randomised patients, 3083 (98.7%; mean age 55 yr; 1419 [46.0%] women) were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The composite primary outcome was met by a similar number of patients in both groups (volatile group: 517 of 1531 (33.8%) patients vs TIVA group: 515 of 1552 (33.2%) patients; relative risk 1.02 [0.92-1.12]; P=0.76; adjusted odds ratio 1.05 [0.90-1.22]; P=0.57). Secondary outcomes including 6-month and 1-yr mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU and hospital stay, and healthcare costs, were also similar for the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among adults undergoing cardiac surgery, we found no difference in the clinical effectiveness of volatile anaesthesia and propofol-based TIVA. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IOR-17013578).

Accelerated and Guided Zn2+ Diffusion via Polarized Interface Engineering Toward High Performance Wearable Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered as a new energy storage device for wearable electronic equipment. Nowadays, dendrite growth and uneven deposition of zinc have been the principal problems to suppress the development of high-performance wearable zinc-ion batteries. Herein, a perovskite material of LaAlO3 nanoparticle has been applied for interface engineering and zinc anode protection. By adjusting transport channels and accelerating the Zn2+ diffusion, the hydrogen evolution reaction potential is improved, and electric field distribution on the Zn electrode surface is regulated to navigate the fast and uniform deposition of Zn2+. As a proof of demonstration, the assembled LAO@Zn||MnO2 batteries can display the highest capacity of up to 140 mAh g-1 without noticeable decay even after 1000 cycles. Moreover, a motor-driven fan and electronic wristwatch powered by wearable ZIBs can demonstrate the practical feasibility of LAO@Zn||MnO2 in wearable electronic equipment.

Inhibition of miR-199b-5p reduces pathological alterations in osteoarthritis by potentially targeting Fzd6 and Gcnt2.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease with a high prevalence in the elderly population, but our understanding of its mechanisms remains incomplete. Analysis of serum exosomal small RNA sequencing data from clinical patients and gene expression data from OA patient serum and cartilage obtained from the GEO database revealed a common dysregulated miRNA, miR-199b-5p. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that miR-199b-5p inhibits chondrocyte vitality and promotes extracellular matrix degradation. Conversely, inhibition of miR-199b-5p under inflammatory conditions exhibited protective effects against damage. Local viral injection of miR-199b-5p into mice induced a decrease in pain threshold and OA-like changes. In an OA model, inhibition of miR-199b-5p alleviated the pathological progression of OA. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation identified Gcnt2 and Fzd6 as potential target genes of MiR-199b-5p. Thus, these results indicated that MiR-199b-5p/Gcnt2 and Fzd6 axis might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of OA.

The Association Between Cardiometabolic Risk and Cognitive Function Among Older Americans and Chinese.

BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is associated with cognitive health, but the association can be affected by broader social, economic, and medical contexts. The United States and China have very different developmental and epidemiological histories, and thus CMR among older people could be linked to cognitive function differently in the 2 countries. METHODS: Cross-sectional and longitudinal ordinary least squares regression models were estimated for each country using nationally representative samples of populations over age 50: 7 430/4 474 Americans and 6 108/3 655 Chinese in the cross-sectional/longitudinal samples. RESULTS: In the United States, higher CMR is associated with worse cognitive function (b = -0.08, p < .016). Longitudinally, CMR increase is associated with worse cognitive function at a marginally significant level (b = -0.10, p = .055). No relationship between CMR level or change and cognitive function is observed in China. Higher education levels are linked to better cognitive function and slower cognitive decline in both countries. Unlike older Americans, relative to those with very low education levels, among older Chinese with the highest education level, a higher CMR links to better cognitive function (b = 0.63, p = .013) and slower cognitive decline (b = 0.35, p = .062); Nevertheless, a rapid increase in CMR is additionally harmful (b = -0.54, p = .050) for cognitive function and may lead to faster cognitive decline (b = -0.35, p = .079). CONCLUSIONS: The significant relationship between CMR and cognitive function in the United States suggests the importance of monitoring and controlling CMR factors at older ages. The insignificant relationship in China may be explained by the high CMR among those with high education levels, highlighting the need for improving cardiometabolic health through education and promoting healthy lifestyles.

Bombyx moriSuppressor of Hairless is involved in the regulation of the silkworm cell cycle and endoreplication of the silk glands.

The Notch signaling pathway is important in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation. The transcriptional repressor Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] is a molecular switch for downstream target genes of the Notch signaling pathway but the regulatory mechanism of the Su(H) gene in the cell cycle is unclear. We determined the function of the Notch signaling pathway and Bombyx mori Su(H) [BmSu(H)] in the regulation of the silkworm cell cycle. Inhibition of Notch signaling promoted the replication of DNA in silkworm gland cells and expression of the BmSu(H) gene was significantly reduced. Overexpression of the BmSu(H) gene inhibited DNA replication and cell proliferation of silkworm cells, whereas knockout of the BmSu(H) gene promoted DNA replication and cell proliferation. Knockout of the BmSu(H) in silkworms improved the efficiency of silk gland cell endoreplication and increased important economic traits. We demonstrated that BmSu(H) protein can directly bind to the promoters of BmCyclinA, BmCyclinE and BmCDK1 genes, inhibiting or promoting their transcription at the cell and individual level. This study identified molecular targets for genetic improvement of the silkworm and also provided insights into the regulatory mechanism of the cell cycle.

The Bombyx mori singed Gene Is Involved in the High-Temperature Resistance of Silkworms.

Temperature is an important factor in the growth, development, survival, and reproduction of organisms. The high-temperature resistance mechanism of insects may be significant for use in the prevention and control of insect pests. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important Lepidoptera model species for studies on pest control in agriculture and forestry. We identified a gene in B. mori, the B. mori singed (Bmsn) gene, which is involved in the high-temperature resistance of silkworms. Sn proteins are highly conserved among species in many taxonomic groups. The overexpression of the Bmsn gene promoted the proliferation of silkworm cells, reduced oxidation, and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species under stress. Interfering with the Bmsn gene had the opposite result. We constructed a transgenic B. mori strain that overexpressed the Bmsn gene. The physiological traits of the transgenic strain were significantly improved, and it had stronger high-temperature resistance. The Bmsn gene is involved in the process by which fat bodies respond to high-temperature stress. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of high-temperature resistance of insects and offer a new perspective on agricultural and forestry pest control.

Peripheral inflammation triggering central anxiety through the hippocampal glutamate metabolized receptor 1.

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ulcerative colitis (UC) and anxiety and explore its central mechanisms using colitis mice. METHODS: Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in mice induced by 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) using the elevated plus maze and open-field test. The spatial transcriptome of the hippocampus was analyzed to assess the distribution of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor TAK-242 (10 mg/kg) and AAV virus interference were used to examine the role of peripheral inflammation and central molecules such as Glutamate Receptor Metabotropic 1 (GRM1) in mediating anxiety behavior in colitis mice. RESULTS: DSS-induced colitis increased anxiety-like behaviors, which was reduced by TAK-242. Spatial transcriptome analysis of the hippocampus showed an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance mediated by glutamatergic synapses, and GRM1 in hippocampus was identified as a critical mediator of anxiety behavior in colitis mice via differential gene screening and AAV virus interference. CONCLUSION: Our work suggests that the hippocampus plays an important role in brain anxiety caused by peripheral inflammation, and over-excitation of hippocampal glutamate synapses by GRM1 activation induces anxiety-like behavior in colitis mice. These findings provide new insights into the central mechanisms underlying anxiety in UC and may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for UC-associated anxiety.

Use of the Tubridge flow diverter in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a single center experience.

To investigate the safety and effect of Tubridge flow diverter deployment for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, 85 patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with the Tubridge flow diverter were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical data including the baseline data, aneurysm parameters before and after treatment, and follow-up outcomes were assessed. Among 85 patients, there were 35 (41.2%) males and 50 females (58.8%) aged 17-77 (mean 56.7 ± 11.1) years with 110 aneurysms. Five (5.9%) patients initially presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage from aneurysm rupture. The aneurysm size was 2-30 (mean 8.6) mm, and the aneurysm neck was 2-10.6 (mean 5.7 ± 2.3) mm. Ninety-three Tubridge stents were deployed. Twenty-five (29.4%) patients experienced adjunctive loose coiling. Blood flow was significantly reduced from entering the aneurysm after stent deployment. Periprocedural complications occurred in three (3.5%) patients, including in-stent thrombosis during embolization in one patient (1.2%), conjunctiva edema on the right in one patient (1.2%), and acute multiple cerebral infarctions in one patient (1.2%). Angiographic follow-up was conducted in 67 (78.8%) patients 3-36 (mean 15.3 ± 5.6) months later. In 11 (16.4% or 11/67) patients, blood flow still entered the aneurysm with the O'Kelly-Marotta (OKM) grade B in two (3.0%) patients and grade C in nine (13.4%), whereas complete occlusion (OKM grade D) was achieved in the other 56 (83.6% or 56/67) aneurysms. In-stent stenosis was present in five (7.5%) patients with approximately 25% stenosis in three (4.5%) patients and 50% in two (3.0%). In conclusion, the Tubridge flow diverter can be safely and efficiently applied in the treatment of small and large intracranial aneurysms, with a low periprocedural complication rate, a high occlusion degree, and a low in-stent stenosis rate at follow-up even though large aneurysms may necessitate a longer surgical time and adjunctive coiling.

Evaluation of antibacterial activity and influencing factors of normal and nanostructured copper-based materials.

Background: Copper-based materials have garnered extensive recognition for their effective nature against microorganisms and their minimal toxicity. However, the evaluation for their antibacterial activity is still in its nascent stages, and the evaluation results based on existing criteria are not representative of real-world application. Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial activity and primary determinants of influence of copper-based materials in order to investigate their practical antibacterial activity and potential mechanisms of such materials. Methods: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial suspensions were applied via inoculation onto the surfaces of normal and nanostructured copper foil. Following incubation of the inoculated surfaces under diverse experimental conditions-including varying compositions of the bacterial suspension, the use of chemical neutralizers, the existence of organic interferents, and low temperature and humidity-surviving bacteria were enumerated. Using the scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the surface changes of copper-based materials were examined. Findings: Following 1 h of exposure to 37 °C and 90% relative humidity, Staphylococcus aureus was reduced by 4.45 log10 on normal copper foil, while all of the bacteria were eradicated on nanostructured copper foil. In addition, it was discovered that preparing a bacterial suspension with PBS results in a significant number of Escherichia coli fatalities during the test, whereas using TPS promotes the bacteria's normal growth. Furthermore, the outcomes of the antibacterial activity test were diminished when chemical neutralization was employed, and the presence of organic interferents had distinct impacts on normal copper foil and nanostructured copper foil. Additionally, low temperatures and humidity diminished the antibacterial activity of copper foil, whereas normal copper foil produced significantly better results. Conclusion: While copper-based materials exhibit robust antibacterial activity as determined by standard assays, their efficacy in real-world applications is subject to various influencing mechanisms. In order to objectively evaluate the antibacterial activity of copper-based materials and provide precise guidance for their development and practical application, it is essential to regulate test conditions with targeted.

Visible-Light-Promoted Selenylation/Cyclization of o-Alkynyl Benzylazides/o-Propargyl Arylazides: Synthesis of Seleno-Substituted Isoquinolines and Quinolines.

A simple and efficient visible-light-promoted selenylation/cyclization of o-alkynyl benzylazides/o-propargyl arylazides have been realized for the practical synthesis of seleno-substituted isoquinolines and quinolines. This strategy provides the synthesis of valuable seleno-substituted isoquinoline and quinoline derivatives via the construction of one C(sp2)-Se bond and one C-N bond within one process.

A Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Framework with Cooperative Adsorption Domains for PFAS Removal from Water.

The removal of toxic poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as persistent pollutants from wastewater is imperative but challenging for water remediation. Many adsorbents including activated carbon, biochar, and clay minerals have been investigated for PFAS removal, but most of these materials are faced with high cost or/and low efficiency. The use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as sorbents is attractive for efficient removal of PFAS due to their tailor-made structures and high surface areas. Herein, we synthesized, characterized a water stable Zr-based porphyrinic MOF (PCN-224) with cooperative adsorption domains, and demonstrated its excellent capture performance toward perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). PCN-224 has maximum uptake capacities of 963, 517, and 395 mg g-1 for PFOS, PFHxS, and PFBS, respectively, which are much higher than that of granular activated carbon. Moreover, coexistent anions (Cl-, SO4 2-) and humic acid have negligible effects on PFOS adsorption. The excellent adsorption performance of PCN-224 toward PFOS is due to the orthogonal cationic channel pores with a diameter of 1.9 nm, the hydrophobic porphyrin units, and the Zr6 clusters with acidic sites. PCN-224 can be readily regenerated and reused. This work highlights the potential of MOFs with multiple adsorption domains for water remediation.