Predictive value of angiopoietin-like protein 8 in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and its progression: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is rapidly increasing, currently affecting approximately 25% of the global population. Liver fibrosis represents a crucial stage in the development of MAFLD, with advanced liver fibrosis elevating the risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Simple serum markers are less effective in diagnosing liver fibrosis compared to more complex markers. However, imaging techniques like transient elastography face limitations in clinical application due to equipment and technical constraints. Consequently, it is imperative to identify a straightforward yet effective method for assessing MAFLD-associated liver fibrosis. AIM: To investigate the predictive value of angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) in MAFLD and its progression. METHODS: We analyzed 160 patients who underwent abdominal ultrasonography in the Endocrinology Department, Xiaogan Central Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, during September 2021-July 2022. Using abdominal ultrasonography and MAFLD diagnostic criteria, among the 160 patients, 80 patients (50%) were diagnosed with MAFLD. The MAFLD group was divided into the liver fibrosis group (n = 23) and non-liver fibrosis group (n = 57) by using a cut-off fibrosis-4 index ≥ 1.45. Logistical regression was used to analyze the risk of MAFLD and the risk factors for its progression. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of serum ANGPTL8 in MAFLD and its progression. RESULTS: Compared with non-MAFLD patients, MAFLD patients had higher serum ANGPTL8 and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (both P < 0.05). Serum ANGPTL8 (r = 0.576, P < 0.001) and TyG index (r = 0.473, P < 0.001) were positively correlated with MAFLD. Serum ANGPTL8 was a risk factor for MAFLD [odds ratio (OR): 1.123, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.066-1.184, P < 0.001). Serum ANGPTL8 and ANGPTL8 + TyG index predicted MAFLD [area under the curve (AUC): 0.832 and 0.886, respectively; both P < 0.05]. Compared with MAFLD patients without fibrosis, those with fibrosis had higher serum ANGPTL8 and TyG index (both P < 0.05), and both parameters were positively correlated with MAFLD-associated fibrosis. Elevated serum ANGPTL8 (OR: 1.093, 95%CI: 1.044-1.144, P < 0.001) and TyG index (OR: 2.383, 95%CI: 1.199-4.736, P < 0.013) were risk factors for MAFLD-associated fibrosis. Serum ANGPTL8 and ANGPTL8 + TyG index predicted MAFLD-associated fibrosis (AUC: 0.812 and 0.835, respectively; both P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The serum levels of ANGPTL8 are elevated and positively correlated with MAFLD. They can serve as predictors for the risk of MAFLD and liver fibrosis, with the ANGPTL8 + TyG index potentially exhibiting even higher predictive value.

Mediating role of anxiety and impulsivity in the association between child maltreatment and lifetime non-suicidal self-injury with and without suicidal self-injury.

BACKGROUND: Child maltreatment can increase the risk of lifetime non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal self-injury (SSI), but there is limited knowledge regarding the differences of potentially psychological mechanisms between NSSI with and without SSI. METHODS: Participants, 3918 community-based Chinese young men aged 18-34 years in Chengdu, were included in this study. We investigated the association between depression, anxiety, psychosis, child maltreatment, adulthood traumatic events, impulsivity, alcohol dependence, drug abuse, and lifetime of NSSI among participants with and without SSI. Parallel mediation analysis was utilized to explore the mediators for the relation between child maltreatment and NSSI. RESULTS: The prevalence of lifetime NSSI was 6.1 % (95 % CI: 5.4 %-6.9 %) among young men. Anxiety and impulsivity partially mediated the effect of child maltreatment on NSSI either with (indirect effect: 51.2 %) or without SSI (indirect effect: 34.3 %). Depression was independently and significantly associated with only NSSI but not with NSSI+SSI. Alcohol dependence and psychosis were independently and significantly associated with NSSI+SSI and mediated the effect of child maltreatment on NSSI+SSI. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional survey data limits the robustness of the proof to the causal relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and impulsivity are associated with NSSI either with or without SSI and partially mediate the effect of child maltreatment on NSSI. Depression is associated with only NSSI, while alcohol dependence and psychosis are only associated with NSSI+SSI. It could be crucial to improve treatment and recovery of alcohol dependence and psychosis for preventing young men engaged in NSSI from attempting SSI.

Status of mandatory treatment of mentally ill offenders without criminal responsibility in China: Information from 5,262 mandatory treatment judgments.

Background: To avoid public health risks, all governments ensure monitoring and treatment of mentally ill persons if they offend and assess their level of criminal responsibility. The Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (2013) instituted special procedures. However, there are few articles in English which explain the implementation of mandatory treatment procedures in China. Methods: We collected 5,262 qualified documents from 2013 to 2021 from the China Judgments Documents Online. We analyzed social demographic characteristics, trial-related information as well as the mandatory treatment-related content, to investigate the mandatory treatment of China's mentally ill offenders without criminal responsibility, from 2013 to 2021. Simple descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to compare differences among several types of documents. Results: There was an overall change trend of the number of documents: increasing year by year from 2013 to 2019 after the implementation of the new law, but with sharp decrease in 2020 and 2021 during covid-19 pandemic. From 2013 to 2021, a total of 3,854 people had applications made for mandatory treatment, of whom 3,747 (97.2%) were given mandatory treatment, 107 (2.8%) had applications rejected. "Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders" was the most common diagnosis in both groups and all offenders receiving mandatory treatment (3,747, 100.0%) were considered to have no criminal responsibility. A total of 1,294 patients had applications made for relief of mandatory treatment, of whom 827 (63.9%) were subsequently approved for relief, 467 (36.1%) were rejected. A total of 118 patients had applications for relief two or more times, and 56 (47.5%) were finally relieved. Conclusion: Our study presents the Chinese model of a criminal mandatory treatment system to the international community which has been in operation since the implementation of the new law. Legislatory changes and covid-19 pandemic can have effect on the number of mandatory treatment cases. Patients, their close relatives and mandatory treatment institutions have the right to apply for relief from mandatory treatment, but the final decision in China is taken by the court.

Effects of hygroscopicity on aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing in Beijing: Based on two-year observations.

The influence of relative humidity on aerosol properties and the direct radiative forcing of PM10 and PM1 were investigated in Beijing from January 2018 to December 2019. The annual mean scattering hygroscopic growth factor at RH = 80 % [f(80 %)] of PM10 and PM1 were 1.60 ± 0.24 and 1.58 ± 0.22, respectively. The variation of aerosol hygroscopic growth factors of PM10 and PM1 aerosols was similar, which is mainly due to the fact that aerosol scattering in Beijing is dominated by fine particles. The seasonal mean f(80 %) of PM10 from spring to winter were 1.66 ± 0.23, 1.71 ± 0.25, 1.51 ± 0.20, 1.49 ± 0.16, respectively, which were higher in spring and summer, and lower in autumn and winter. The diurnal variation of f(80 %) was relatively higher from 12:00 to 18:00, which could be related to the formation of secondary aerosols by photochemical reactions. f(80 %) shows a strong positive relationship with both the scattering Angström exponent (SAE) and the single scattering albedo (ω0) under dry conditions; therefore, the scattering hygroscopic growth factor could be estimated using these two parameters. The upscatter fraction (ß) and single scattering albedo, which are the key aerosol optical properties for the calculation of direct radiative forcing, are also RH-dependent. As RH increases, the upscatter fraction (backscatter fraction) decreases and ω0 increases. The aerosol radiative forcing at RH 80 % was 1.48 times as that in the dry state. The sensitivity experiment showed that the variation in the scattering coefficient with relative humidity had the greatest influence on radiation forcing, followed by ß and ω0. The seasonal variation of ΔF(80 %)/ΔF(dry) coincides with that of the aerosol hygroscopic growth factor. Our study suggests that understanding the influence of relative humidity on aerosol properties and direct radiative forcing is important for accurately estimating the radiative forcing of aerosols.

Atmospheric Particle Hygroscopicity and the Influence by Oxidation State of Organic Aerosols in Urban Beijing.

A hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyser (H-TDMA) was used to observe the size-resolved hygroscopic characteristics of submicron particles in January and April 2018 in urban Beijing. The probability distribution of the hygroscopic growth factor (HGF-PDF) in winter and spring usually showed a bimodal pattern, with more hygroscopic mode (MH) being more dominant. The seasonal variation in particle hygroscopicity was related to the origin of air mass, which received polluted southerly air masses in spring and clean northwesterly air masses in winter. Particles showed stronger hygroscopic behaviour during heavy pollution episodes (HPEs) with elevated concentrations of secondary aerosols, especially higher mass fraction of nitrate, which were indicated using the PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 µm) mass concentration normalised by CO mass concentration. The hygroscopic parameter (κ) values were calculated using H-TDMA (κhtdma) and chemical composition (κchem). The closure study showed that κchem was overestimated in winter afternoon when compared with κhtdma, because the organic particle hygroscopic parameter (κorg) was overestimated in the calculations. It was influenced by the presence of a high concentration of hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) with a weak water uptake ability. A positive relationship was observed between κorg and the ratio of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) and HOA, thereby indicating that the strong oxidation state enhanced the hygroscopicity of the particles. This study revealed the effect of local emission sources and secondary aerosol formation processes on particle hygroscopicity, which is of great significance for understanding the pollution formation mechanism in the North China Plain.

An Epidemiologic Survey and Violent Behavior Analysis of Antisocial Personality Disorder in Young Men in Chengdu.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in young men in Chengdu and explore the characteristics and risks of violence. METHODS: Stratified random sampling was used to conduct a self-assessment questionnaire survey in 4 108 males aged from 18 to 34 in Chengdu, including general demographic characteristics, structured clinical interview for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-Ⅳ axis Ⅱ disorders (SCID-Ⅱ) personality disorder screen questionnaire, violence questionnaire, psychosis screening questionnaire (PSQ), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and drug use. χ2 test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for analysis and odds ratio (OR) was calculated. RESULTS: The positive rate of ASPD was 5.91%, which was associated with young age, unmarried, unemployment state, low educational level, violent behavior, psychotic symptoms, alcohol and drug use (P<0.05). Young men with ASPD also had a risk (P<0.05) of violence (OR was 8.51), multiple violence (OR was 16.57), injury (OR was 6.68), intentional violence (OR was 11.41), etc., the risk decreased after controlling for psychotic symptoms and substance abuse, but was still statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of violence, severe violence and intentional violence in young men in Chengdu is high, and psychotic symptoms and substance abuse increase the risk of ASPD violence and relate characteristics.

Long-term trend of new particle formation events in the Yangtze River Delta, China and its influencing factors: 7-year dataset analysis.

To evaluate the influence of anthropogenic emission reductions since 2013 in China, a long-term trend analysis of the particle number size distribution (PNSD) and new particle formation (NPF) events in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region was conducted based on the PNSD measurement (diameter ranging from 3 to 850 nm) at the Lin'an (LAN) regional background station from 2013 to 2019. A modified Mann-Kendall test and a Theil-Sen estimator were used to calculate the overall trend of particle number concentrations in different modes and the relevant influencing factors. We observed a significant decreasing trend in the Aitken and accumulation mode number concentrations, with annual decrease rates of approximately 5.6% and 8.2%, respectively, resulting in an approximately 6.0% decline in total particles annually. However, the nucleation mode particle number concentration showed no significant trend from 2013 to 2016, but an increasing trend from 2016 to 2019, which was related to the NPF events occurrence frequency. The regional NPF events of "banana shape" accounted for an increasing fraction of all NPF events. As a key parameter influencing the NPF event, the condensation sink decreased by approximately 63% from 2013 to 2019. Moreover, the estimated sulfuric acid concentration decreased by approximately 50%, with a higher reduction rate occurring during 2013-2016 as result of the effective SO2 reduction. Surface meteorological factors (including the air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and wind) and the air masses origin were found to played minor roles in the long-term trend of NPF events. As PNSD and NPF events are closely related to changes in the particle emissions and regional air pollution levels, studies concerning PNSD and NPF are necessary to provide important information regarding air quality improvements and evaluating the efficacy of climate change mitigation strategies.

An Epidemiologic Survey and Violent Behavior Analysis of Antisocial Personality Disorder in Young Men in Chengdu / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in young men in Chengdu and explore the characteristics and risks of violence.@*METHODS@#Stratified random sampling was used to conduct a self-assessment questionnaire survey in 4 108 males aged from 18 to 34 in Chengdu, including general demographic characteristics, structured clinical interview for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-Ⅳ axis Ⅱ disorders (SCID-Ⅱ) personality disorder screen questionnaire, violence questionnaire, psychosis screening questionnaire (PSQ), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and drug use. χ2 test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for analysis and odds ratio (OR) was calculated.@*RESULTS@#The positive rate of ASPD was 5.91%, which was associated with young age, unmarried, unemployment state, low educational level, violent behavior, psychotic symptoms, alcohol and drug use (P<0.05). Young men with ASPD also had a risk (P<0.05) of violence (OR was 8.51), multiple violence (OR was 16.57), injury (OR was 6.68), intentional violence (OR was 11.41), etc., the risk decreased after controlling for psychotic symptoms and substance abuse, but was still statistically significant.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The risk of violence, severe violence and intentional violence in young men in Chengdu is high, and psychotic symptoms and substance abuse increase the risk of ASPD violence and relate characteristics.

Simultaneous measurements of PM1 and PM10 aerosol scattering properties and their relationships in urban Beijing: A two-year observation.

The aerosol scattering properties of submicron (PM1) and sub-10 µm particles (PM10) under dry conditions (RH <30%) were investigated in Beijing from 2018 to 2019. Using the simultaneous measurement of PM1 and PM10, the scattering properties of super micron (PM10-1) particles were also calculated. At 550 nm, the average of scattering coefficient (σsp) and asymmetry parameter (g) were 208.7 ± 204.9 Mm-1 and 0.61 ± 0.04 for PM10, 140.6 ± 130.2 Mm-1 and 0.60 ± 0.04 for PM1, and 69.8 ± 82.2 Mm-1 and 0.62 ± 0.04 for PM10-1, respectively, while the backscattering ratio (b) values were 0.13 ± 0.02 for PM10 and PM1, and 0.12 ± 0.02 for PM10-1. The mass scattering efficiencies (MSE) for PM10, PM1 and PM10-1 were 2.43 ± 2.37, 3.67 ± 0.96, and 1.73 ± 1.82 m2 g-1, respectively. In 2019, σsp decreased by approximately 18.4% for PM10, and 16.7% for PM1 compared with those in 2018, which was quite similar to the decrease of 17% and 19% for PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations during the same time period. The scattering Ångström exponent (SAE450/700), which was 1.88 ± 0.29 for PM1 and 1.50 ± 0.27 for PM10 indicated size distributions dominated by fine mode aerosols. This is also evidenced by the high submicron scattering ratio (Rsp) (71.1% ± 7.9%). The high SAE, Rsp, and high PM1 σsp in the study suggest that control of fine particle pollution is important to reduce overall PM pollution in urban Beijing. In addition, with an increase in σsp, b, Rsp, and SAE gradually decreased, while g and MSE increased. The clearly scattering coefficient-dependent MSE suggests that high aerosol loading and high MSE both play an important role in degraded visibility during heavy pollution periods.

Protein acetylation and deacetylation: An important regulatory modification in gene transcription (Review).

Cells primarily rely on proteins to perform the majority of their physiological functions, and the function of proteins is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). The acetylation of proteins is a dynamic and highly specific PTM, which has an important influence on the functions of proteins, such as gene transcription and signal transduction. The acetylation of proteins is primarily dependent on lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases. In recent years, due to the widespread use of mass spectrometry and the emergence of new technologies, such as protein chips, studies on protein acetylation have been further developed. Compared with histone acetylation, acetylation of non-histone proteins has gradually become the focus of research due to its important regulatory mechanisms and wide range of applications. The discovery of specific protein acetylation sites using bioinformatic tools can greatly aid the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of protein acetylation involved in related physiological and pathological processes.

Application of Eye Tracker in Lie Detection / 法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the application value of eye tracking in lie detection. Methods The 40 subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The pupil diameter, fixation duration, points of fixation and blink frequency of the subjects in the experimental group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation were recorded with eye tracker after they accomplished the mock crime. The eye movement parameters of subjects in the control group were directly collected. The differences in eye movement parameters of the experimental group and the control group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation were analyzed by t-test. Pearson coefficient analysis of correlation between eye movement parameters that had differences was conducted. The effectiveness of eye movement parameters to distinguish between the experimental group and the control group was calculated by the receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curve. Results Participants from the experimental group had shorter average pupil diameter, longer average fixation duration and fewer fixation points （P<0.05）, but the differences in blink frequency had no statistical significance. The differences in the above indicators of the control group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation had no statistical significance. The average fixation duration showed a negative correlation with fixation points （r=-0.255, P<0.05）; the average fixation duration showed a negative correlation with average pupil diameter （r=-0.218, P<0.05）; the fixation points showed a positive correlation with average pupil diameter （r=0.09, P<0.05）. The area under the curve of average pupil diameter, average fixation duration and fixation points was 0.603, 0.621 and 0.580, respectively. Conclusion The average pupil diameter, average fixation duration and fixation points obtained by the eye tracker under laboratory conditions can be used to detect lies.

Observational study of aerosol hygroscopic growth on scattering coefficient in Beijing: A case study in March of 2018.

A humidified nephelometer system was deployed to measure the aerosol scattering coefficients at RH < 30% and RH in the range of 40 to 85% simultaneously in megacity Beijing in March 2018. The aerosol optical properties and aerosol hygroscopicity of two sizes (PM10 and PM1) during the pollution period, dust period and a new particle formation event (NPF) were analyzed. During the pollution period, the scattering and absorption coefficients increased dramatically with the accumulation of pollutants, while scattering Ångström exponent (SAE), submicron scattering fraction (Rsp), submicron absorption fraction (Rap) decreased, as well as single scattering albedo (SSA) rose slightly, which indicated the increasing contribution of larger particle to scattering and absorption, and enhanced the scattering ability of aerosols. The average PM10 mass scattering efficiency is 3.86 ±â€¯1.19 m2 g-1 with a range of 2.05-5.74 m2 g-1 during the pollution period, and 0.40 ±â€¯0.05 m2 g-1 during the dust period. Rsp at wavelength of 550 nm varied from 55.8% to 89.3% during the measurement period, with the average of 64.8% ±â€¯5.2% and 73.1% ±â€¯6.8% during the pollution period and dust period, respectively, which suggests that the aerosol scattering coefficient is mainly affected by fine particles. The average PM10 and PM1 aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth factors f(80%) are 1.75 ±â€¯0.05 and 1.75 ±â€¯0.04 during the pollution period, 1.14 ±â€¯0.09 and 1.15 ±â€¯0.06 during the dust period, 1.59 ±â€¯0.05 and 1.60 ±â€¯0.06 during the NPF event period, respectively. Aerosol scattering hygroscopic growth factors showed a strong correlation with the scattering Ångström exponent which suggests the hygroscopicity is much stronger for fine particles (SAE > 1.5) than the coarse particles (SAE < 1.0).

Patients Administered Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Could be Enrolled into an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Program for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Most studies on enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for gastric cancer exclude patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be enrolled into the ERAS program for locally advanced gastric cancer. METHODS: From April 2015 to July 2017, 114 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer were randomized into ERAS and standard care (SC) groups. Postoperative length of stay, complications, bowel function, and nutritional status were recorded. RESULTS:: The postoperative length of stay of the ERAS group was shorter compared with that of the SC group (5.9 ± 5.6 vs. 8.1 ± 5.3 days, P = 0.037). The postoperative complication rate was 9.3% in the ERAS group and 11.5% in the SC group (P = 0.700). The time to first flatus (2.7 ± 2.0 vs. 4.5 ± 4.6 days, P = 0.010) and time to a semi-liquid diet (3.2 ± 2.1 vs. 6.3 ± 4.9 days, P < 0.001) in the ERAS group were shorter compared with those in the SC group. On the 10th day after surgery, the values of weight, total protein, albumin, and prealbumin of the ERAS group were lower compared with those of the SC group. CONCLUSIONS:: Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy could be enrolled into ERAS programs for locally advanced gastric cancer. The nutritional status of these patients was not adversely affected.

Thioredoxin reductase from Toxoplasma gondii: an essential virulence effector with antioxidant function.

Thioredoxin reductase (TR) can help pathogens resist oxidative-burst injury from host immune cells by maintaining a thioredoxin-reduction state during NADPH consumption. TR is a necessary virulence factor that enables the persistent infection of some parasites. We performed bioinformatics analyses and biochemical assays to characterize the activity, subcellular localization, and genetic ablation of Toxoplasma gondii TR (TgTR), to shed light on its biologic function. We expressed the TgTR protein with an Escherichia coli expression system and analyzed its enzyme activity, reporting a Km for the recombinant TgTR of 11.47-15.57 µM, using NADPH as a substrate, and 130.48-151.09 µM with dithio-bis-nitrobenzoic acid as a substrate. The TgTR sequence shared homology with that of TR, but lacked a selenocysteine residue in the C-terminal region and was thought to contain 2 flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) domains and 1 NADPH domain. In addition, immunoelectron microscopy results showed that TgTR was widely dispersed in the cytoplasm, and we observed that parasite antioxidant capacity, invasion efficiency, and proliferation were decreased in TR-knockout (TR-KO) strains in vitro, although this strain still stimulated the release of reactive oxygen species release in mouse macrophages while being more sensitive to H2O2 toxicity in vitro Furthermore, our in vivo results revealed that the survival time of mice infected with the TR-KO strain was significantly prolonged relative to that of mice infected with the wild-type strain. These results suggest that TgTR plays an important role in resistance to oxidative damage and can be considered a virulence factor associated with T. gondii infection.-Xue, J., Jiang, W., Chen, Y., Gong, F., Wang, M., Zeng, P., Xia, C., Wang, Q., Huang, K. Thioredoxin reductase from Toxoplasma gondii: an essential virulence effector with antioxidant function.

[Two distinct parts within the song of Phoenicurus auroreus, and individual identification on the basis of the song].

Bird song has two key functions: attraction and competition. The structures of these songs have been shaped by both intra- and intersexual selection. Accordingly, there are some species that appear to use different parts of song to attract females and repel males. Alongside this functional separation, the structure of song can also have significant divergence. We studied the songs from 32 individuals of Phoenicurus auroreus, recorded in Beijing Xiaolongmen forest Park during the 2011 breeding season. The song of Phoenicurus auroreus consists of two distinct parts, a stereotyped and variable part. Significant differences between these two parts were observed between all the variables we measured. Based on the stereotyped part, the rate of correct individual identification is satisfactory, and most of songs can be correctly classified.

[Reliability of the Violence Risk Scale of Chinese version].

OBJECTIVE: To introduce and revise the Violence Risk Scale (VRS) for assessing violence risk and risk change, and to examine the reliability of Violence Risk Scale of Chinese version(VRS-C). METHODS: The original English version of the VRS was translated into Chinese according to established translation procedures. To examine the scorer reliability the 14 cases assessed by 3 assessors separately. One hundred and twenty-five patients with mental disorders from 3 different institutions in Sichuan province (Refined Control Ward in Ankang Hospital, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Science and Mental Health Center of West China Hospital) were collected to examine the reliability of VRS-C. RESULTS: The results showed moderately good scale reliability of the VRS-C, with 0.80 of ICC for scorer reliability. All items have significant consistence with Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.921, split-half reliability as 0.906 and item total correlation as 0.246-0.849. CONCLUSION: The reliability of the VRS-C version is acceptable.

Reliability of the Violence Risk Scale of Chinese version / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To introduce and revise the Violence Risk Scale (VRS) for assessing violence risk and risk change, and to examine the reliability of Violence Risk Scale of Chinese version(VRS-C).@*METHODS@#The original English version of the VRS was translated into Chinese according to established translation procedures. To examine the scorer reliability the 14 cases assessed by 3 assessors separately. One hundred and twenty-five patients with mental disorders from 3 different institutions in Sichuan province (Refined Control Ward in Ankang Hospital, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Science and Mental Health Center of West China Hospital) were collected to examine the reliability of VRS-C.@*RESULTS@#The results showed moderately good scale reliability of the VRS-C, with 0.80 of ICC for scorer reliability. All items have significant consistence with Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.921, split-half reliability as 0.906 and item total correlation as 0.246-0.849.@*CONCLUSION@#The reliability of the VRS-C version is acceptable.