Clinical practice guidelines for prevention and treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal disorder with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (2023).

Postoperative gastrointestinal disorder (POGD) was a common complication after surgery under anesthesia. Strategies in combination with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine showed some distinct effects but standardized clinical practice guidelines were not available. Thus, a multidisciplinary expert team from various professional bodies including the Perioperative and Anesthesia Professional Committees of the Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine (CAIM), jointly with Gansu Province Clinical Research Center of Integrative Anesthesiology/Anesthesia and Pain Medical Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation/Chinese Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Center/Gansu Provincial Center for Medical Guideline Industry Technology/Evidence-based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University, was established to develop evidence-based guidelines. Clinical questions (7 background and 12 clinical questions) were identified through literature reviews and expert consensus meetings. Based on systematic reviews/meta-analyses, evidence quality was analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of interventional measures were weighed with input from patients' preferences. Finally, 20 recommendations were developed through the Delphi-based consensus meetings. These recommendations included disease definitions, etiologies, pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation, diagnosis, and perioperative prevention and treatment.

Nano-Pt induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and cytoprotective autophagy in human NSCLC cells.

Given that currently used classical chemotherapeutic drugs lack the ideal therapeutic effect and produce severe side effects, platinum nanomaterials (Pt-NMs) have gradually gained attention, and their antitumor effect has been initially explored. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the action of Pt-NMs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells remain unclear. Moreover, the interaction between Pt-NMs and autophagy in inducing apoptosis of NSCLC cells remains unexplored. In this study, we explored the anti-NSCLC effect of amine-caged Pt nanoclusters (Nano-Pt) using cell cycle, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy assays. We found that Nano-Pt significantly inhibited cell viability, reduced migration ability, caused DNA damage, induced S phase (period of DNA synthesis in the cell cycle) arrest, and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Nano-Pt also reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased permeability transition, and promoted apoptosis by upregulating Bax and PARP expression. Nano-Pt-induced apoptosis was accompanied by protective autophagy, which could be enhanced by autophagy inhibitors. Our findings on the biological behavior and the interaction between autophagy and apoptosis can provide the clear anti-NSCLC molecular mechanism of Nano-Pt, which have a promising potential for the development of novel Pt-based antitumor chemotherapy drugs with excellent curative efficacy and fewer side effects.

The endocytosis of nano-Pt into non-small cell lung cancer H1299 cells and intravital therapeutic effect in vivo.

Lung cancer remains the most common fatal malignant disease, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis is merely 6%. In this research, the platinum nanocluster (short for nano-Pt) was used for optical imaging without the help of other fluorescent probes and possess targeted antitumor activity as well as low systemic toxicity. The endocytic pathway and distribution of nano-Pt in non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC H1299 cells was explored by the means of quantitative and qualitative tests. Furthermore, the targeting capability and antitumor efficiency of nano-Pt was detected by intravital imaging experiment and antitumor experiment. The research implies that nano-Pt entered H1299 cells dominatingly through macropinocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway, and has significant antitumor efficiency, targeting properties and reliable safety for mouse tumor, indicating this nano-Pt has great potential for clinical diagnosis and therapy of NSCLC H1299 cells.

Noble metal nanomaterials for the diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies.

BACKGROUND: Recently, the incidence of hematological malignancy, such as various leukemias, multiple myeloma and lymphoma, has revealed an increasing tendency, exhibiting a major impact on human health. Most of the available anti-cancer drugs, however, possess high non-targeted accumulation, dosage-associated toxicity, fast elimination, and lack specificity towards tumors, which restrict their utilization in clinical therapy. This extends also to cancer diagnosis where there is a lack of predictive biomarkers. OBJECT: Noble metal nanomaterials (NM NMs) have the potential to overcome these shortcomings due to several characteristics including ease of synthesis, ultra-small size, easy surface modification and specific physicochemical properties. At present, gold-, silver- and platinum-based nanomaterials have been employed in the tracing and treatment of hematopoietic tumors through direct individual endocytosis or in innovative drug delivery systems (DDS) by conjugation with other targeting biomolecules. PURPOSE: In this mini review, we focus on the use of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-/surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)- and fluorescence-based diagnosis of NM NMs in the hematological malignancies. Furthermore, the treatment of hematological malignancies utilized the NM NMs or NM NMs-based therapy technology in the chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and photothermal therapy are depicted in depth. The construction of effective and promising NM NMs or NM NMs- dependent theranostic methodology has the potential to provide interdisciplinary knowledge in the development of clinical tracing, diagnosis and treatment of refractory hematological diseases.

The endocytic pathway of Pt nanoclusters and their induced apoptosis of A549 and A549/Cis cells through c-Myc/p53 and Bcl-2/caspase-3 signaling pathways.

In recent years, multifunctional platinum nanoclusters (Pt-NCs) as new Pt-based anti-cancer drugs exhibit a promising therapeutic efficiency for several cancer diseases, especially for human pulmonary carcinoma. However, the endocytosis behaviors (like uptake pathway, etc.) and induced apoptosis mechanism of Pt-NCs for drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), are still inconclusive. In this research, we explored the endocytic pathway of Pt-NCs in both typical NSCLC A549 cells and cisplatin-resistant A549/Cis cells through qualitative confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) measurement and quantitative flow cytometry (FCM) and inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis, by the means of introducing the specific inhibitors which impede the classical ways of endocytosis. It was found that Pt-NCs dominatingly entered A549 cells via caveolin-mediated endocytosis as well as A549/Cis cells through micropinocytosis approach. Pt-NCs possessed an excellent inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, which the cell activity of A549 cells reduced to 14% and that of A549/Cis cells went down about four fifths. Moreover, Pt-NCs treatment increased caspase-3 protein levels and downregulated the expression of c-Myc and Bcl-2, proving the Pt-NCs-induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells was related to c-Myc/p53 and Bcl-2/caspase-3 signal pathways. These results demonstrate the explicit uptake pathway and apoptotic signaling pathway of Pt-NCs for NSCLC, which provides an in-depth and reasonable theoretical basis for the development of new Pt-NCs-based chemotherapeutics in future clinical practice.

DJ-1 activates the noncanonical NF-κB pathway via interaction with Cezanne to inhibit the apoptosis and promote the proliferation of Ishikawa cells.

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is generally one of the most evident malignant tumours of the female reproductive system, and the mechanisms underlying its cell proliferation and apoptosis are key to research in gynaecological oncology. In the paper, the in-depth molecular mechanism by which DJ-1 protein regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of Ishikawa cells was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: DJ-1 knockdown and overexpressing Ishikawa stable cell lines were established by lentiviral transduction. The levels of DJ-1 and noncanonical NF-κB signaling key proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were applied to analyze the cell viability and apoptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation experiment was utilized to assess the DJ-1-Cezanne interaction. The results showed that DJ-1 overexpression conferred apoptosis resistance and high proliferation on Ishikawa cells, while DJ-1 knockdown in Ishikawa cells produced the opposite results. These findings again suggested that DJ-1 inhibits the apoptosis and promotes the proliferation of Ishikawa cells. More crucially, further data showed that the noncanonical NF-κB activation was required for the regulation of Ishikawa cell proliferation and apoptosis by DJ-1. Meanwhile, it was found that noncanonical NF-κB pathway may be activated by DJ-1 interacting with and negatively regulating Cezanne in Ishikawa cells. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this work revealed that DJ-1 associates with and negatively regulates Cezanne and consequently triggers the noncanonical NF-κB activation, thereby regulating Ishikawa cell proliferation and apoptosis.

Distinguishable Targeting of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Hyaluronan Functionalized Platinum Nanoclusters and Their Inhibition Behaviors of Proliferation, Invasion, Migration.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and most cancer patients receiving conventional chemotherapy suffer from severe side effects due to the non-selective effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on normal cells. Targeted nanomaterials can obtain excellent accumulation at the tumor site through their active or passive targeting mechanisms, thereby reducing the toxicity of the drugs in various ways. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) which could specifically bind to CD44 on the surface of tumor cells, was used to modify amine-caged platinum nanoclusters (Pt NCs-NH2 ) to obtain targeting HA-Pt NCs-NH2 . Based on the differential expression of CD44 on the surface of three lung cells (non-small cell lung cancer cell H1299, small cell lung cancer cell H446, and embryonic lung fibroblast HFL1), HA-Pt NCs-NH2 can differentially enter the three cells and achieve their targeting of non-small cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC) cells. Pt NCs significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells and induced their apoptosis in comparison of classical cisplatin and carboplatin, showing a bright future in early diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.

Exosomal microRNA-205 is involved in proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells via regulating VEGFA.

BACKGROUND: Recently, the impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) and exosome on ovarian cancer has been assessed in many studies. We aim to explore the mechanism of exosomes transferring miR-205 in ovarian cancer, and confirm its diagnostic value in ovarian cancer. METHODS: The expression of miR-205 of ovarian cancer patients and healthy people was detected by RT-qPCR, and the diagnostic value of miR-205 was evaluated. The exosomes derived from SKOV3 cells were identified. Ovarian cancer SKOV3 donor cells and receptor cells were used to measure the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle by a series of experiments. The binding site between miR-205 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was evaluated by bioinformatics tool and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS: MiR-205 was up-regulated in ovarian cancer, and up-regulated miR-205 could enhance the risk of ovarian cancer and was one of its risk factors. After SKOV3 cells-derived exosomes were transiently introduced with miR-205 mimics, the cell proliferation, migration and invasion in ovarian cancer were elevated, the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells was attenuated, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) protein E-cadherin was down-regulated, while Vimentin was elevated. VEGFA was identified to be a target gene of miR-205. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that exosomes from donor ovarian cancer cell SKOV3 shuttled miR-205 could participate in the regulation of the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis as well as EMT progression of receptor SKOV3 cells by targeting VEGFA.

Expression of DJ-1 in endometrial cancer: close correlation with clinicopathological features and apoptosis.

OBJECTIVES: DJ-1 was originally cloned as a putative oncogene capable of transforming NIH3T3 cells in cooperation with H-Ras or c-Myc, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of some solid tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and clinical significance of DJ-1 in endometrial cancer and study its effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis in endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells. METHODS: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to determine the DJ-1 expression in 100 surgical specimens of endometrial cancer tissues, paired tumor-adjacent tissues, and 30 surgical specimens of normal endometrium tissues. The proliferation variety of endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium assay after transfecting the interference plasmid pGPU6/GFP/neo-DJ-1-shRNA into Ishikawa cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to evaluate the effect of interference plasmid on target gene expression. Apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: DJ-1 expression in endometrial cancer tissues was higher than in tumor-adjacent tissues and normal endometrial tissues. At the same time, it was associated with signs of cancer progression, including differentiation, myometrial invasion depth, and presence of lymph node metastasis. Knocking down DJ-1 promoted the apoptosis of Ishikawa cells. CONCLUSIONS: High DJ-1 expression seems to be negatively correlated with apoptosis. Meanwhile, it may be part of the mechanisms for the development, invasion, and metastasis in endometrial cancer.