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Pustular psoriasis is a serious life-threatening disease, and patients usually show poor response to traditional treatments. In recent years, interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 inhibitors have shown favorable efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis. This review summarizes the latest progress in interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 inhibitors for the treatment of pustular psoriasis.
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Parathyroid adenoma (PTA) is an important cause of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) . The author reported a case of HPT caused by proliferation of parathyroid cells caused by implantation during surgery, and the formation of adenoma in sternocleidomastoid muscle was detected. The understanding of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) caused by ectopic PTA was analyzed from clinical symptoms, laboratory examination, the neck Doppler ultrasound, imaging ( 99TC m-MIBI SPECT/CT fusion imaging, CT) and pathological examination results, combined with the parathyroidism of the patient during the first operation.
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Objective@#To understand the current situation regarding emergency visits to a university hospital in Beijing, and to provide a basis for the standardized construction and formulation of emergency visit measures to university hospitals.@*Methods@#This study carried out a retrospective investigation and analysis of 73 emergency visits from September 2020 to December 2022 at a university hospital in Beijing.@*Results@#A total of 17 cases(23.3%) exhibited the most common of symptoms associated with convulsions during emergency visits to university hospital, while nine cases of abdominal pain(12.3%) and eight cases of dizziness( 11.0 %) were recorded. The proportion of males and females who presented to the emergency department was 60.3% and 39.7%, respectively. The top three diseases among emergency department outpatients included nervous system diseases(40 cases), gynecological diseases(seven cases), depression and alcoholism(six cases). The peak number of emergency visits occurred in April, May, September and November. The most frequent emergency visits presented from 13:00 to 18:00(32.9%), followed by 7:00 to 12:00(30.1%). Following emergency care, 12 cases improved, 54 cases were transferred to higher level hospitals for treatment, 2 depressive patients were taken home, 5 cases refused referral.@*Conclusion@#University hospitals should develop emergency plans for diseases related to emergency visits, provide targeted training for doctors and health education for teachers and students, and improve the emergency treatment capabilities.
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Objective To study the ambient radiation of patients undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT myocardial metabolism imaging, and to provide data for protection of surrounding people against radiation. Methods A total of 33 patients were selected for 18F-FDG PET/CT myocardial metabolism imaging. Dose equivalent rate was measured at the height of patient chest, in different directions, at different time points and at different distances, to investigate the distribution of ambient radiation of the patient. Results At the same time point and distance, the dose equivalent rates at the left and right sides of the patient were lower than the front and back sides. The dose equivalent rate at 1 m in front of the patient was 13-21 μSv/h after 18F-FDG injection, and decreased to 5-14 μSv/h after PET/CT imaging, with a mean decrease of 46%. The ambient dose equivalent rate decreased exponentially with distance (10~300 cm), and the mean power was −1.2. Conclusion The ambient radiation of patients undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT myocardial metabolism imaging was high after 18F-FDG injection, and the ambient dose equivalent rate decreased rapidly with time and distance. Our results suggest that patients undergoing myocardial metabolism imaging should avoid prolonged and close contact with other people on the day of examination.
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Objective:To investigate the status of aged nursing assistants post competency under the regional linkage mechanism in the elderly and the impact on nursing staff post competency factors.Methods:In December 2019, in Baoshan district of Shanghai elderly regional linkage center, the 159 nursing staff from 8 medical institutions were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method and investigated by the post competency questionnaire.The post competency of nursing staff was evaluated from three dimensions of work attitude, work ability and communication adjustment.Results:A total of 157 elderly care workers participated in the survey, age was (50.9±5.4)years old. The total score of post competency was (73.21±14.26) points, which belonged to the general level. In three dimensions,the work attitude dimension scored the highest, (28.92±7.40) points, and the communication adjustment dimension score was the lowest, (21.08±6.41) points. Among the items, the item of "ethics" had the highest score, and the item of "resolving contradictions" had the lowest score. Single factor analysis showed that there were differences in job competency of aged nursing assistants with different educational levels, with or without work experience, length of service ( F values were 1.229, 0.068, t value was 1.147, all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the work experience of senior care workers ( B value was 0.435, P<0.05), length of service ( B value was -1.792, P<0.05) were the factors that affected the competency of aged nursing assistants. Conclusions:The work attitude, basic knowledge, work enthusiasm, and basic care skills of elderly care workers in the district have been effectively supervised under the regional linkage mechanism for the elderly, but they are relatively weak in solving conflicts, communication skills, thinking skills, and listening skills. Therefore, the role of the regional linkage mechanism for the elderly should be strengthened to improve the job competence of the elderly care workers in the grass-roots medical institutions, thereby improving the service level of the elderly and improving the quality of elderly care.
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Background: High-dose dual therapy (HDDT) is a novel regimen for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, however, its efficacy and safety remain unclear. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and compliance of HDDT for Hp eradication. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on HDDT for eradication of Hp infection were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science from the date of database establishment to October 2020. Literatures were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the data were extracted. RevMan 5.2 software was used for performing meta-analysis. Results: Nine RCTs including 2 627 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that no significant differences in ITT eradication (85.4% vs. 79.8%, RR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.96-1.10, P=0.40), PP eradication (88.7% vs. 83.4%, RR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.95-1.08, P=0.68), and compliance (96.5% vs. 95.9%, RR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.99-1.02, P=0.37) were found between HDDT and the guideline-recommended regimens, however, the incidence of adverse events was significantly decreased in HDDT (15.3% vs. 27.0%, RR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.42-0.76, P=0.000 2). Conclusions: There are no significant differences in eradication rates and compliance between HDDT and the guideline-recommended regimens, however, HDDT is much safer.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of modified arrow flap for nipple reconstruction.Methods:From Jan. 2018 to Oct. 2019, 10 patients in Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine who received the modified arrow flap for nipple reconstruction were collected. The rate of nipple retraction, patient satisfaction and the incidence of local flap complications were evaluated.Results:The operation time of 10 patients was 13-18 minutes, and the average operation time was (15.10±1.52) minutes. All patients were followed up for 3-24 months, with an average follow-up time of (14.60±1.07) months. The retraction rate of nipple height was 23.5%-33.2%, the average retraction rate of nipple height was (28.53±3.02) %, the diameter retraction rate of nipple was 7.1%-10.5%, and the average diameter retraction rate of nipple was (8.92±1.05) %. The patients’ satisfaction was 96%-100%, with an average of (97.9±1.60) %. None of the 10 patients had complications such as bad wound healing, incision dehiscence or flap necrosis.Conclusion:The design of the improved arrow flap is simple, the operation is simple, the curative effect is satisfactory, and the incidence of postoperative complications is low.
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Objective:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of ginsenoside Rb1, calycosin7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (stilbene glucoside), ferulic acid, and rhein in Beisheng granules by UPLC-full wavelength scanning method. Methods:The Waters-ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) chromatographic column was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid-water solute, a linear gradient, the flow rate was 0.3 ml/min and full-wavelength scanning with detection wavelength of 190-400 nm. The column temperature was 30 ℃, and sample volumn was 3 μl.Results:Ginsenoside Rb1, calycosin7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, stilbene glucoside, ferulic acid and rhein were well separated at 203, 260, 320, 316 and 254 nm wavelength, respectively. The linear ranges were 0.013-0.210 μg ( r=0.999 4), 0.027-0.432 μg ( r=0.999 9), 0.038-0.600 μg ( r=0.999 9), 0.005-0.084 μg ( r=0.999 9), 0.003-0.048 μg ( r=0.999 2). The RSDs of precision, repeatability and stability tests were 0.17%-1.73%, 0.40%-1.49%, 0.21%-1.98% ( n=6), respectively. The recovery rates were 92.71%, 92.44%, 96.83%, 105.71% and 102.61% ( n=6), respectively. Conclusions:The method is simple, rapid and accurate, and can be used as a reference for quality control of Beisheng granules.
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Objective To investigate the effects of fluid shear stress on rolling adhesion of neutrophils on immobilized platelets under flows. Methods Experiments were performed at the parallel plate flow chamber. Platelets were adhered to the functionalized flow chamber bottom which were coated with vWF-A1 first, and then washed with PBS under wall shear stress (WSS) of 1 Pa for different time (0 min, 2.5 min, 7.5 min). A high-speed camera was used to observe and record the rolling adhesion events of neutrophils on immobilized platelets under 50 mPa WSS, and the adhesion parameters such as the number of adhesion events, the tether lifetime of cells and rolling velocity. Results Neutrophils could specifically bind to the immobilized platelets on vWF-A1-coated bottom of the flow chamber. Mechanical stimulation on immobilized platelets had no effects on the tether lifetime of neutrophils on the platelets, but up-regulated the adhesive ratio of neutrophils on the platelets and slowed down the rolling of neutrophils on the platelets. Conclusions Mechanical stimulation on the immobilized platelets will significantly make the circulating neutrophils to be captured easily and promote the rolling adhesion of neutrophils on platelets.
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Objective@#To investigate the relationship between childhood abuse experience and non-suicidal self-injury in middle school students, and gender differences of the relationship.@*Methods@#Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 14 500 middle school students from Shenzhen, Zhengzhou, Nanchang and Guiyang as participants. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on demographic indicators, childhood abuse experiences and non-suicidal self-injury, etc. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between childhood abuse experience and non-suicidal self-injury, and gender differences.@*Results@#The prevalence of NSSI was 9.5%,while it was higher among male students (10.7%) than female students(8.3%) (χ2=22.77，P<0.01). The rate of NSSI was higher with the increasing exposure of childhood abuse. High levels of multiple forms of childhood abuse had independent effects on NSSI among total samples after controlling for confounding factors (P<0.01). In middle school students with high levels of sexual abuse, emotional neglect and childhood abuse, females versus males had higher risk to have NSSI (P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Childhood abuse experiences were associated with increased risk of NSSI among middle school students, especially among girls. Groups at highest risk of NSSI in relation to certain types of childhood abuse should be targeted with interventions accordingly.
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Objective To evaluate the value and short-term efficacy of Miccoli for cervical lymph node dissection in patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma.Methods From Mar.2017 to Jan.2018,15 patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma received cervical lymph node dissection in Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of Nanjing Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital,and they were divided into open surgery group (8 cases) and Miccoli surgery group (7 cases).The operation time,incision length,intraoperative blood loss,total number of dissection lymph nodes,incidence of postoperative complications and length of hospital stay between the two groups were analyzed.These groups were followed up for 6 months after surgery,in terms of neck comfort,incidence of enlarged lymph nodes in the cervical region and blood thyroglobulin level.Results There was no obvious difference between the two groups in intraoperative blood loss(P=0.651),total number of dissection lymph nodes(P=0.887),the incidence of postoperative complications(P=0.52),incidence of intumescent lymph node(P=1.000) and blood thyroglobulin level(P=0.826) after 6 months.The operation time of Miccoli group was longer than that of the open group(P=0.001),but the incision length(P=0.001),length of hospital stay(P=0.001)and postoperative neck comfort(P=0.001)were superior to those of the open surgery group.Conclusion Miccoli operation can be used to perform cervical lymph node dissection for PTC patients,which can achieve the curative effect of open surgery,without increasing the risk of postoperative complications,and the postoperative neck comfort was better.
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Objective To explore the role of serum levels of Klotho protein and fibroblast growth factor(FGF)-23 in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods A total of 160 patients with CKD were recruited into CKD group in this study,160 healthy controls were selected in the control group from March 2014 to March 2016.Basic clinical data,blood biochemical index,serum level of Klotho protein and FGF-23 were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The hemoglobin,serum albumin,blood calcium,glomerular filtration rate,Klotho protein levels in the CKD group were lower than those in the control group,and the serum creatinine,blood urea,blood serum phosphorus and FGF-23 were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).With the progress of CKD stages,hemoglobin,glomerular filtration rate,Klotho protein levels gradually decreased,serum creatinine,blood urea,blood serum phosphorus,FGF-23 level increased(P<0.05).The levels of FGF-23 were negatively related to hemoglobin,glomerular filtration rate,Klotho(r=-0.584,0.692,-0.724)and were positively correlated to serum creatinine,blood urea,blood serum phosphorus(r=0.814,0.703,0.527).The levels of Klotho protein were positively related to hemoglobin,glomerular filtration rate(r=0.612,0.685),and were negatively correlated to serum creatinine,blood serum phosphorus,blood urea,FGF-23(r=-0.720,-0.690,-0.519,0.724).Conclusion High concentrations of FGF-23 and Klotho protein with low concentration were not only related to calcium phosphate metabolic disorders of patients with CKD,and were also associated with the prognosis of patients with CKD,which might be early biomarkers and predictor in patients with CKD.
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Objective To establish quality standards for Kangkeling mixture .Methods Ardisiae Japonicae Herba ,Ste-monae Radix were identified by TLC .The content of bergenin was determined by HPLC .Lichrospher C18 column(5 μm , 4 .6 mm × 250 mm)was used with methanol-water (20:80) as mobile phase .The flow rate was 1 .0 ml/min .Column temper-ature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength at 275 nm .Results The linear range of bergenin was in the range of 0 .0648-0 .648 μg (r=0 .9998) .The average recovery was 100 .24％ (RSD=1 .9％ ,n=6) .Conclusion The method is simple ,spe-cific and sensitive .It can be used to control the quality of Kangkeling mixture .
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Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the population of Jiang'an Town,Rugao,Jiangsu Province from November 13,2014 to December 21,2014.The samples from the Rugao longitudinal study of aging included 1 788 individuals from 31 villages aged from 70 to 84 years.They were all Han nationality,including 830 males and 958 females.History of cerebral infarction was identified according to the neurological diagnosis confirmed by the secondary hospital and above or brain CT.The modified Kyohko Hasegawa dementia scale was used to evaluate the cognitive function.Five dimensions (orientation,memory,near memory,computing power,and common sense) of this population were assessed.The total score >21.5 was non-cognitive impairment and ≤21.5 was cognitive impairment.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.Results (1) In the 1 788 subjects,133 had cerebral infarction (7.4%),and 1 655 did not have cerebral infarction.The proportion of hypertension in patients with cerebral infarction was higher than that without cerebral infarction (63.9% [n=85] vs.41.7% [n=690]).The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower than that of the non-cerebral infarction group (1.40±0.29 mmol/L vs.1.47±0.33 mmol/L).There was statistically significant difference (all P<0.05).(2) The patients with cerebral infarction were partially impaired in orientation and computational power,and the overall cognitive function score was 20±7,which was significantly lower than patients with non-cerebral infarction (21±6).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).(3) In 133 patients with cerebral infarction,76 had cognitive impairment,the incidence was 57.1%,and 59 of them were women.The average value of serum creatinine in patients with cognitive impairment was 59±15 μmol/L,which was significantly lower than those with non-cognitive impairment (66±14 μmol/L).There was significant difference (P<0.05).(4) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the education level below primary school (OR,2.86,95%CI 2.19-3.72) and female (OR,1.85,95%CI 1.50-2.28) were the independent risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.High serum creatinine concentration (OR,0.96,95%CI 0.95-0.97) was a protective factor for it.Conclusion The cognitive function of the elderly was decreased after cerebral infarction,especially in the aspect of orientation and calculation.The education level below primary school and women were the independent risk factors for cognitive impairment,and high serum creatinine concentration had a certain protective effect.
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The transfer, from soil to Chinese cabbage and spinach, of radioactive strontium-90 released as a result of accidents in nuclear power stations was studied using a stable isotope of strontium, namely nuclide strontium-88 (88Sr). The study led to an experimental model for assessing the hazard of radionuclide strontium-90 (90Sr) entering the food chain and for predicting the risk to food safety. Chinese cabbage and spinach were grown in pots in a greenhouse and irrigated with deionized water containing known quantities of strontium. Based on the strontium content of that water, the plants were divided into five groups (treatments) and strontium content of the soil, and 30-day-old plants were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy instrument (ICP-AES). Data on the strontium content of soil and plants enabled the development of a model using MATLAB, a mathematical software package, which included curve fitting and problem solving using regression equations and differential equations. Although strontium curves for leaves, stems, and roots of Chinese cabbage were not exactly the same, all showed a non-linear increase when compared with the increase in the content of strontium in soil. Strontium curves for leaves, stems, and roots of spinach were very similar and showed an initial increase followed by a decrease. Strontium concentrations in both Chinese cabbage and spinach were initially related to the concentrations of sodium and sulfur, the next two relevant nuclides being calcium and magnesium. The relationship between calcium and strontium in Chinese cabbage was different from that in spinach. By using 88Sr to simulate the transfer of radionuclide 90Sr from soil to a crop, the relevant data required to deal with accidental release of strontium can be obtained using a fitting curve and regression equations, thereby providing some experimental basis for evaluating the potential hazards posed by such accidents to the food chain.
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Objective To develop a method for simultaneous determination of three hydrophilic components and two lipophilic components in Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae. Methods The RP-HPLC method was performed by using a Welchrom C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)with a mobile phase of acetonitrile (A)-0.1%phosphoric acid(B). The gradient elution program was as follows:0-15 min,10%→12%A;-35 min,12%→20%A;-45 min,20%→60%A;-65 min,60%→65%A;-80 min,65%→80%A;-90 min,10%A. The flow rate was kept at 1.0 mL?min-1 . The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The column temperature was 30 ℃ . Results A good linearity was obtained over 0.059 5-2.380 0 μg for tanshinol, 0.346 0-13. 840 0 μg for rosmarinic acid, 0. 656 0 - 26. 240 0 μg for salviamolic acid B, 0. 420 0 - 16.800 0 μg for cryptotanshinone and 0.414 0- 16.560 0 μg for tanshinoneIIA, respectively ( r = 0.999 9). The average recovery rates were between 98.69%-100.91% with RSD less than 1.2%(n = 6). Conclusion The method is rapid, accurate, credible and repeatable, and can provide basis for the quality control of Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhiza.
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Objective To analyze the serum keratin 18 (K18) level of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) and its correlation with prognosis.Methods From December 2012 to October 2014,120 patients who visited Fuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital and diagnosed with HBV-ACLF were enrolled,and 20 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled with matched gender and age.Enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay was used for the detection of K18 (M30,M65) and the differences of M30,M65,M30/M65 and other laboratory results were analyzed among the first enrolled 40 patients with HBV-ACLF,20 CHB patients and 20 healthy controls.All HBV-ACLF patients were followed up for 3 months and divided into two groups (death group and survival group).And M30 and M65 in both groups were detected and their clinical data were collected.Continuous variables between groups were compared using t test and one-way analysis of varicmce.Categorical variables were compared using X2 test.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for prognostic analysis.Results The serum M30 in HBV-ACLF group,CHB group and healthy controls group were (2.99 ±0.29),(3.12±0.26) and (2.16 ±0.12) lg U/L,respectively (F=95.36,P＜ 0.01).The serum M65 in the three groups were (3.41 ± 0.29),(3.38+0.29) and (2.01±0.11) lg U/L,respectively (F=217.60,P＜0.01).And M30/M65 the three groups were 0.39 ± 0.11,0.55 ± 0.09 and 1.45 ± 0.34,respectively (F=202.63,P＜0.01).The white blood cell,total bilirubin,alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in HBV-ACLF patients were the highest,and platelet,albumin,serum sodium and prothrombin time activity were the lowest.After following up for 3 months of 120 patients with HBV-ACLF,40 of them died with fatality rate of 33.3％.The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the M30/M65 was 0.871,and that of score of model for endstage liver disease (MELD) was 0.668 (Z=3.011,P＜0.01).The M30/M65 ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the MELD score (r=-0.389,P＜0.01).Conclusions K18 (M65 and M30)are strongly associated with liver disease severity.The M30/M65 ratio may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for the patients with HBV-ACLF.
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Objective To explore the transport properties of the radionuclide strontium 90Sr in the soil-plant system,and discuss the accumulation characteristics of strontiumes in different vegetable tissues.Methods Three kinds of vegetables,including Chinese cabbage,radish and celery,were planted in this experiments using stable nuclide 88Sr instead of 90Sr.Strontium concentrations in these kinds of plant and soil were measured with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES),and the transportation factor (TF) of strontium and the concentration ratio (CR) of these plants were calculated.Results The contents of strontium in different tissues of the vegetables increased significantly in response to the strontium concentrations in soil (F =3.75-139.39,P ＜ 0.05).The contents of strontium at 398.33,477.99 and 557.57 mg/kg in different tissues of these vegetables were significantly higher than that in control group (t =-10.49-7.41,P ＜0.05).Except celery stems,there was a positive correlation about contents of the strontium between other tissues of these vegetables and their experimental soils (r =0.88-0.99,t =7.41-15.96,P ＜0.05).Based on dry weight of examples,the TF in each tissue sample of cabbage and radish was higher than 1,and the concentration ratio,for cabbage and radish,was higher in stems than in roots (F =8.22,91.49,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Three kinds of vegetables have been shown to have strontium accumulation ability in soil environment.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features of pulmonary infection in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).Methods A total of 666 hospitalized patients with HBV-ACLF in Department of Liver Disease of Fuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Data of demographic and clinical parameters (sex,age,presence of liver cirrhosis and diabetes),complications (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,hepatorenal syndrome,hepatic encephalopathy,and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage),and baseline biochemical parameters were collected from the medical records database.Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the independent risk factors of pulmonary infection in patients with ACLF.Distributions of the pathogenic bacteria were further analyzed.Student t test was used for the means consistent with normal distribution,while non-parametric statistics were used for the data consistent with abnormal distribution.Mann-Whitney U test was used for the data between two groups.Chi square test and Fisher exact probability method were used for comparing the count data.Results A total of 125 out of 666 patients with ACLF developed pulmonary infection.The incidence of pulmonary infection was 18.76 ％ (125/666)..Most patients were infected with fungi (54.84％).The incidence rate of pulmonary infection in patients with liver failure over 60 years (41.18％) was significantly higher than that in patients under 60 years (16.91％;x2 =19.136,P＜0.01).The incidence of cirrhosis or diabetes in the 125 patients with pulmonary infection was higher than patients with no pulmonary infection.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.01).Levels of albumin,cholesterol,alphafetoprotein,white blood cell count,hemoglobin,plasma thromboplastin antecedent,international normalized ratio (INR),and serum sodium were all significantly different between the two groups (all P＜ 0.05).The incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,hepatorenal syndrome,and hepatic encephalopathy in patients with pulmonary infection were significantly higher than those without pulmonary infection (P＜0.01).Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,age,albumin,hemoglobin and serum sodium were important factors in the development of the pulmonary infection.And albumin,hemoglobin and serum sodium were protective factors.Conclusions Pulmonary infection,as one of the common and serious complications,significantly affects the prognosis of liver failure patients.Prediction of pulmonary infection in the early stage is essential.Patients with elder age,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,low albumin level,low serum sodium level and low hemoglobin level should be timely monitored to prevent the development of pulmonary infection.
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Aim To explore the expressed level of ini-tiative key factors TSLP and IL-33 in a human kerati-nocyte cell line,HaCaT cells were chosen to be stimu-lated by different stimulants,and develop a stable and effective in vitro model to observe allergic sensitization. Methods HaCaT cells were cultured in K-SFM with different stimulants to screen out the stimulants which could significantly improve the expressed level of TSLP and IL-33.Expressed level of TSLP and IL-33 was an-alyzed by ELISA kits and immunofluorescence.Re-sults (1 )The dose-response relationship of single stimulant indicated that both Poly(I:C)and TNF-αcould significantly improve expressed level of TSLP and IL-33 in HaCaT cells,but the rest of stimulants was not observed significant stimulation in concentration range of this experiment.(2)Dose-effect relationship of combined stimulants indicated that poly(I ∶C)1 00 mg·L -1 combined with TNF-α20 μg·L -1 was the most efficient.(3)Time-effect relationship of the a-bove-mentioned combined stimulants showed that 1 2 h was the optimal time of stimulation.Conclusions Different stimulants and different time result in various expressed levels of TSLP and IL-33 in HaCaT cells.1 2 h stimulus duration of Poly(I:C)1 00 mg·L -1 com-bined with TNF-α20 μg · L -1 is the most efficient stimulating way.This result provides an effective in vitro model to study the pathomechanism and drug effi-cacy of allergic sensitization.