ABSTRACT
In this paper, the electronic nose (E-nose) and headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the volatiles of rice bran kvass (RBK) with the reference of Qiulin kvass (QLK). Meanwhile, the flavor amino acids of RBK before and after fermentation were determined. The results showed that the kinds of kvass remained consistent in terms of the overall category of volatiles while there were differences in content between them (p < 0.05). A total of 35 volatile compounds, mainly including esters, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, and acids, were identified by GC-MS in the two kinds of kvass. In addition, the total essential amino acid content and the total sweet amino acid content of RBK increased significantly (p < 0.05) after fermentation. RBK contains both the main flavor of kvass and its own unique characteristics, making it a new member of the Kvass family.
ABSTRACT
Hydrogels have broad application prospects in drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, high water content and three-dimensional structure. However, the regulation of drug release from hydrogels is an important issue in medical applications. At the same time, water also has an important impact on drug release. In this study, a hydrogel with hydrogen bond and ion dipole interaction (PAHDP) was prepared by introducing catechol group into polymer to regulate drug release. Ten model drugs were selected to explore the relationship and mechanism of action among polymer, drug and water. The results showed that PAHDP had excellent adhesion and safety. Drug release test showed that 10 kinds of drugs had different drug release trends, and the release amount was negatively correlated with drug polarizability and LogP. In addition, in vitro transdermal test and pharmacokinetic results showed that the hydrogel based on PAHDP achieved increased or decreased blood drug concentration, and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of >1.5 times showed its potential to regulate drug release. The mechanism study showed that the hydrogen bond and ion dipole interaction between polymer and drug were affected by drug polarizability and LogP, and the distribution of water in different states was changed. Hydrogen bond and ion dipole interactions synergistically control drug release. Therefore, the mussel inspired PAHDP hydrogel has the potential to become a controllable drug delivery system.
Subject(s)
Hydrogels , Polymers , Hydrogels/chemistry , Drug Liberation , Hydrogen Bonding , WaterABSTRACT
Wound healing remains challenging due to posttraumatic pain. At present, most wound dressings ignore the importance of wound pain. In this study, a temperature-sensitive multifunctional intelligent hydrogel patch (CPAG) containing lidocaine has developed for wound healing. CPAG hydrogel was prepared by grafting N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylamide onto carboxymethyl agarose (CMA) modified by agarose and encapsulating gallic acid and lidocaine. FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, SEM and rheology were used to investigate its structure and temperature-sensitive properties. The contraction force generated by the temperature response characteristics of CPAG at 30 °C can accelerate wound healing. In vitro release assays demonstrated that CPAG directly controlled the same amount of lidocaine release at different temperatures through the competition between polymer-polymer and polymer-water interactions. In addition, MTT, H&E staining and stimulation test further proved its biological safety. The pain behavior study showed that the pain inhibition rates of the lidocaine cataplasms and LID@CPAG were 51.16 % and 67.83 %, respectively. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that compared with the blank group, the bleeding volume of LID@CPAG decreased by 54.3 %, and the wound healing rate reached 97 %. CPAG hydrogel can play a comprehensive therapeutic role in accelerating wound closure by controlling drug release, analgesia, antioxidation and hemostasis.