Progress on the relationship of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 with human diseases and its small-molecule activators / 药学实践与服务

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is one of important factors against from the damage under oxidative stress in human body. A high proportion of East Asians carry ALDH2 inactive mutation gene. There are many diseases closely related to ALDH2, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases. Recent studies also have found that ALDH2 is associated with ferroptosis. Therefore, ALDH2 has becoming a potential target for the treatment of the above related diseases. Several types of small molecule activators with potential value of clinical application have been reported. The research progress on the structure and function of ALDH2 , the relationship with human diseases and its activators were summarized in this paper.

Analysis of the current situation and influencing factors of demoralization of patients with chronic heart failure / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the current status and analyze the factors of demoralization of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), providing references for targeted psychological interventions of nursing staff.Methods:Using the cross-sectional survey method, from August 2022 to January 2023, 282 CHF patients who were followed up in the Cardiovascular Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the study subjects. They were investigated using the General Information Questionnaire, Demoralization Scale Revised Mandarin Version, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), and the factors influencing the demoralization of CHF patients were analyzed using univariate analysis and multiple linear regression.Results:Among 282 cases, male 172 cases, female 110 cases, aged (62.29±10.05) years old. The Demoralization Scale Revised Mandarin Version′s score of CHF patients was (30.30 ± 10.37) points; the score of BIPQ was (42.18 ± 13.94) points; the score of FoP-Q-SF was (35.41 ± 7.29)points, which were at high level. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that patient disease duration, disease stages, New York heart association cardiac function classification, the score of BIPQ, and the score of FoP-Q-SF were factors influencing the demoralization of CHF patients ( t values were 3.08 to 12.50, all P<0.05). Conclusions:There is an urgent need to focus on the current status of the demoralization of CHF patients. It is necessary to develop a systematic and effective intervention strategy for demoralization, to take into account patient disease duration, disease stages, illness perception, and fear of progression in a comprehensive manner.

Research on the relationship between disease perception and demoralization of patients with chronic heart failure: the chain mediating effect of disease progression ′s fear and positive affect / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating role of disease progression′s fear and positive affect in the relationship between disease perception and demoralization in patients with chronic heart failure. It provided a theoretical basis for targeted interventions for healthcare workers.Methods:From October 2022 to March 2023, 320 patients with chronic heart failure in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling. The General Information Questionnaire, Demoralization Scale Redacted Mandarin Version, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Positive Affect Schedule) were used to conduct the questionnaire survey exploring the mediating effects of fear of disease progression and positive emotions between disease perception and disorientation by construction structural equation model.Results:There were 268 valid questionnaires. Of the 268 patients, 168 were male and 100 were female, 3.36% (9/268) were ≤40 years old, 55.22% (148/268) were 41-65 years old, and 41.42% (111/268) were >65 years old. Correlation analysis showed that disease perception was positively correlated with disease progression ′s fear, and every dimension of demoralization ( r values were 0.300-0.586, all P<0.01), and negatively correlated with positive affect ( r=-0.374, P<0.01); disease progression′s fear was negatively correlated with positive affect ( r=-0.318, P<0.01), and positively correlated with every dimension of demoralization ( r values were 0.339-0.464, all P<0.01); positive affect was negatively correlated with every dimension of demoralization ( r values were -0.430--0.334, all P<0.01). Structural equation model analysis showed that the direct effect of disease perception on demoralization was significant ( β=0.407, P<0.01), and both mediating effects of disease progression ′s fear and positive affect between disease perception and demoralization in patients with chronic heart failure were significant ( β=0.074, 0.079, both P<0.01). The chain mediating effect of disease progression ′s fear and positive effect was also significant ( β=0.019, P<0.01). Conclusions:Disease perception could directly predict the demoralization of patients with chronic heart failure and indirectly predict the demoralization of patients with chronic heart failure through the mediating effect of disease progression ′s fear, positive affect, and the chain mediating effect of disease progression ′s fear and positive affect.

Machine Learning-Based Approach for Chronic Vestibular Syndrome Classification / 医用生物力学

Objective To calculate the nonlinear features of motion in patients with chronic vestibular syndrome(CVS)using the largest Lyapunov exponent(LLE),and to verify the classification model's validity through machine learning algorithms.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)motion capture system was used to capture the joint motion trajectories of the subjects,which were determined using the LLE.The features of the chaotic trajectories were calculated as the input,and seven classifiers,namely the ID3 decision tree,Adaboost,C45 decision tree,Bayesian classification,Naive Bayes,and support vector machine,were used for classification.Results A total of 17 sets of trajectories from 16 joints were in the chaotic state,and the average energy,enhanced wavelength,and kurtosis of the motion trajectories in the experimental group showed significant differences(P<0.05).The ID3 decision tree classifier showed optimal performance with 100%prediction accuracy,recall,and F1-score.Conclusions Chaotic features may contain high personality differences in patients with CVS and can improve the accuracy of machine learning algorithms for recognition.These findings provide a reference for early identification and motor rehabilitation of patients with CVS.

Antiagregantes plaquetarios y cirugía oral: retirar o no retirar, esa es la cuestión / Antiplatelet therapy and oral surgery: to discontinue or not, that is the question

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen una de las patologías sistémicas más prevalentes en el mundo occidental. Muchos pacientes cardiópatas han tenido un episodio coronario agudo y están siendo tratados con antiagregantes plaquetarios. La terapia con estos fármacos puede suponer un reto para el odontólogo, que debe enfrentarse a un importante dilema: o mantener el fárma co, con el consiguiente riesgo hemorrági co, o retirarlo, con la posibilidad de que se produzcan complicaciones tromboembólicas, suponiendo un riesgo para la vida del paciente. Por ello, los odontólogos deberíamos conocer cuál debe ser el manejo de este tipo de pacientes ante la perspectiva de realizar un procedimiento quirúrgico en la cavidad oral o incluso una simple extracción dentaria. Los objetivos de esta revisión narrativa son, en primer lugar, recordar la fisiología plaquetaria y los mecanismos de forma ción del trombo plaquetario; en segundo lugar, profundizar en los mecanismos de acción de los diferentes fármacos antia gregantes plaquetarios; y, en tercer lugar, ya que no existen guías clínicas al res pecto, realizar un abordaje crítico de las pautas existentes para el manejo odonto lógico de este tipo de pacientes, en aras de prevenir la aparición de posibles com plicaciones, no solo locales, sino, lo que es más importante, complicaciones sisté micas. En estos casos, antes de retirar la terapia antiagregante, convendría sope sar el riesgo hemorrágico versus el riesgo de generar un nuevo episodio tromboem bólico, como puede ser la trombosis dstent o la recidiva del accidente coronario agudo, eventos que podrían poner en riesgo la vida del paciente (AU)

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most prevalent systemic pathologies worldwide; those patients usually have had an acute coronary event which is treated with antiplatelet therapy. These drugs represent a challenge for the dentist, who must face a major dilemma: either maintain the drug, with the consequent bleeding risk, or withdraw it, with the possibility of thromboembolic complications, entailing a risk to the patient’s life. Therefore, dentists should know how to manage patients treated with these drugs when performing a surgical procedure or even a simple tooth extraction. The objectives of this narrative review are, firstly, to recall platelet physiology and the mechanisms of platelet thrombus formation; secondly, to go more deeply into the mechanisms of action of the different antiplatelet drugs; and thirdly, since there are no clinical guidelines on this topic, to critically review the existing guidelines related to the dental management, in order to prevent the appearance of possible complications, not only local, but more importantly, systemic complications. In these cases, before interrupting antiplatelet therapy,the risk of bleeding should be evaluated against the risk of generating a new thromboembolic episode, such as stent thrombosis or recurrence of the acute coronary accident, events that could put the patient’s life at risk (AU)

Advances in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas of the larynx / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Infantile hemangiomas are relatively common soft tissue tumors in infants and young children, with a prevalence of about 4.5% in full-term newborns. Subglottic Hemangioma （SGH） is a relatively rare type of hemangioma, and its special location often causes respiratory distress and potentially life-threatening conditions in infants. Therefore, it is necessary for clinicians to make an accurate diagnosis and formulate a detailed treatment plan based on the clinical manifestations, the auxiliary examinations, the medical history and the vital signs evaluation of patients.This review describes the pathophysiological mechanism of infantile hemangioma and provides a detailed discussion on commonly used treatment methods in detail.

Research advances in inflammatory response in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common complication following acute ischemic cerebrovascular events. It not only seriously affects the quality of life of stroke survivors,but also increases the mortality of the patients. Inflammatory response has been proven to participate in the development and progression of acute ischemic stroke,which injures neural cells to further activate the body's inflammatory response and release of inflammatory factors,destroy the integrity of neural circuits,and thereby lead to cognitive dysfunction in patients. Evidence on the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive function is insufficient. Therefore,this paper focused on the changes in the levels of inflammatory biomarkers to discuss the role of inflammatory response in patients with PSCI.

Progress in physical therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),as a mental disorder disease,can seriously damage the physical and mental health and social functioning of patients.Physical therapy is increasingly being used in research on the treatment of PTSD due to its ability to directly target specific brain regions and improve the core symptoms of PTSD.This review categorizes on physical therapy for PTSD into two categories:non-invasive physical therapy and invasive physical therapy.Non-invasive physical therapy methods included electroconvulsive therapy,transcranial direct current stimulation,transcranial magnetic stimulation,and the Flexyx neurotherapy system.Non-invasive physical therapy had the advantages of safety,convenience,and simple operation.However,their stimulation accuracy was limited.Invasive physical therapy methods included deep brain stimulation and stellate ganglion block.Invasive physical therapy had the advantages of precise stimulation,fewer adverse reactions.However,there were surgical risks,high operational difficulty,and high treatment costs.In addition,potential physical therapy methods included transcranial alternating current stimulation,magnetic seizure therapy,and vagus nerve stimulation,which were currently in the theoretical research stage.This study discussed the mechanism of action,therapeutic parameters,clinical efficacy,adverse effects and the latest forms of technology of the above physical therapy methods,so as to provide reference for the treatment of PTSD.

Advances in post-operative prognostic models for hepatocellular carcinoma / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgery remains the primary and most successful therapy option for the treatment of early- and mid-stage HCCs, but the high heterogeneity of HCC renders prognostic prediction challenging. The construction of relevant prognostic models helps to stratify the prognosis of surgically treated patients and guide personalized clinical decision-making, thereby improving patient survival rates. Currently, the prognostic assessment of HCC is based on several commonly used staging systems, such as Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM), Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP), and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC). Given the insufficiency of these staging systems and the aim to improve the accuracy of prognostic prediction, researchers have incorporated further prognostic factors, such as microvascular infiltration, and proposed some new prognostic models for HCC. To provide insights into the prospects of clinical oncology research, this review describes the commonly used HCC staging systems and new models proposed in recent years.

Investigation on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Attitudes and Training Needs of Hospice Care among Nursing Staff in Hainan Province / 中国医学伦理学

【Objective:】 To investigate the current situation of attitudes and training needs of hospice care among nursing staff in Hainan Province, and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide basis for formulating scientific and standardized hospice care training programs for nursing staff. 【Methods:】 From October to December in 2021, a total of 1 819 nursing staff from 45 general hospitals, specialized hospitals and nursing homes in 14 cities and counties of Hainan province were selected by convenience sampling method to conduct the questionnaire on hospice care attitude and training needs. 【Results:】 1 789 valid questionnaires were collected with effective recovery of 98.35%. Nursing staff hospice care attitude score was (88.13±12.10) points, the standard score was 70.4 points, hospice care attitude was at medium level. Nursing staff training needs score was (26.96±5.16) points, the standard score was 89.87, the needs of each dimension and item were higher than 75.1%, the training needs were at high level. Professional title, currently engaged in hospice care services, and willingness to engage in hospice care services were the influencing factors of hospice care training needs (P<0.05), and the hospital, have witnessed the death of dying patients or relatives, willingness to engage in hospice care services were the main influencing factors of nurses’ attitude toward hospice care (P<0.05). 【Conclusion:】 At present, nursing staff in Hainan Province held a moderate attitude towards hospice care, and had a high demand for training. The major obstacles for nursing staff to engage in hospice care at present were high stress in the face of dying patients and symptom management. Nursing managers should combine the current situation, pay attention to stimulate nurses’ intrinsic motivation, strengthen the training of nursing staff’s concept of hospice nursing, construct a diversified training system, and carry out specialized and modular skill practice and theoretical training to improve nursing staff’s hospice care ability.

Research on Construction of Training Course on Palliative Care for Medical Student Volunteers / 中国医学伦理学

【Objective:】 To construct a palliative care training course for medical student volunteers, so as to provide reference for palliative care institutions to carry out palliative care training for medical student volunteers. 【Methods:】 Based on literature review, semi-structured interviews and the expert group meeting method, the first draft of the palliative care training course for medical student volunteers was drawn up. Then two rounds of expert consultation with 16 experts in relevant fields by Delphi method was conducted. 【Results:】 The positive coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were 89% and 100%, respectively. The expert authority coefficients of the two rounds were both 0.89. The Kendall coefficient of the second round was 0.196 to 0.328 (P<0.05). The final form of palliative care training course for medical student volunteers was consisted of 5 primary indicators (training objective, training content, training hour, training method, and assessment method), 23 secondary indicators, and 41 tertiary indicators. 【Conclusion:】 The palliative care training course for medical student volunteers is comprehensive and practical in content, scientific and reliable in construction, which can be used for hospice care institutions to provide palliative care volunteer service training for medical student volunteers, in order to improve the quality of volunteer service.

Cardiovascular health status of Chinese adults based on "Life's Essential 8" score / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To assess the cardiovascular health status of adults in China by using the "Life's Essential 8" score, and provide reference for the development and improvement of cardiovascular disease prevention and control policies and measures. Methods: Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance was conducted in 298 counties/districts in 2015 in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) across China, multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 45 households in each village or neighborhood, and 20 households were further selected to conduct dietary surveys. In this study, a total of 70 093 adults aged ≥20 years who completed the dietary survey and had complete information were included, their cardiovascular health status were assessed by using the "Life's Essential 8" score, a cardiovascular health scoring standard released by the American Heart Association in 2022. All results were adjusted using complex design-based sampling weights to achieve a better estimate of the population. Results: In 2015, the overall cardiovascular health score of Chinese adults aged ≥20 years was 73.3±12.6, the score was significantly higher in women (77.9±11.6) than in men (68.7±11.8), and higher in urban area (74.5±12.8) than in rural area (71.9±12.2), the differences were significant (P<0.001). It was estimated that about 0.25% (95%CI: 0.16%-0.33%) of adults in China had cardiovascular health score of 100, and 33.0% (95%CI: 31.6%-34.3%), 63.2% (95%CI: 62.1%-64.3%), and 3.9% (95%CI: 3.5%-4.2%) of adults had high, moderate and low cardiovascular health scores, respectively. The proportion of those with high cardiovascular health scores was relatively low in men, those with low education level, those with low income, those living in rural areas, and those living in southwest China (P<0.001). Of the eight factors, diet had the lowest mean score (46.0, 95%CI: 44.7-47.3), followed by blood pressure (59.4, 95%CI: 58.2-60.6) and tobacco exposure (61.4, 95%CI: 60.6-62.2). Conclusions: The cardiovascular health status of two-thirds of adult population in China needs to be improved. Diet, tobacco exposure, and blood pressure are the factors affecting the cardiovascular health of Chinese population, to which close attention needs to be paid, and men, rural residents, and those with lower socioeconomic status are key groups in cardiovascular health promotion.

Study on the mental health status and its influencing factors among middle school students in Yi nationality areas： a case study of Xide County， Liangshan Prefecture， Sichuan Province / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the mental health status and its influencing factors among middle school students in Xide County， Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture， and to provide references for mental health interventions for local middle school students. MethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design， one junior middle school and one senior middle school in Xide County， Liangshan Prefecture， Sichuan Province， were randomly selected on September 16， 2021， and two classes per grade in each school involving 288 students were recruited. Subjects were assessed using Patients' Health Questionnaire Depression Scale-9 item （PHQ-9）， Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 item （GAD-7）， PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 （PCL-5）， Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support （MSPSS） and UCLA Loneliness Scale （ULS-3）. Then the scores of above scales were compared among middle school students with different demographic characteristics， and binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to screen the influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD） symptoms. ResultsAmong the respondents， 17.71% （95% CI： 0.133~0.221）， 8.68% （95% CI： 0.054~0.120）， 2.78% （95% CI： 0.009~0.047） and 45.83% （95% CI： 0.400~0.516） were reported to have symptoms of depression， anxiety， PTSD and loneliness， respectively. Students in senior middle school scored lower on PCL-5 and ULS-3 than those in junior middle school ［（6.46±8.91） vs. （8.87±9.42）， t=2.202， P<0.05； （4.67±1.65） vs. （5.60±1.88）， t=4.431， P<0.01］. Regression analysis denoted that depressive symptoms （OR=7.630， P<0.05） and anxiety symptoms （OR=3.789， P<0.01） were risk factors for PTSD symptoms among middle school students. ConclusionThe middle school students in Xide County， Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture suffer a high prevalence rate of depressive symptoms and loneliness， and those in junior middle school are more likely to feel a sense of strong loneliness， furthermore， depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms are risk factors for PTSD symptoms.

Biomechanical CT for Assessment of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture Risk / 医用生物力学

Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone strength and increased fracture risk. The most serious consequence of osteoporosis is fracture, which commonly occurs in vertebrae. Accurate assessment of fracture risk at an earlier stage is the key to identify high-risk population and further prevent osteoporotic fracture. Currently, clinical assessment of vertebral fracture risk mainly relies on measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA) or quantitative computed tomography ( QCT). However, they cannot fully reflect bone strength and resistance to fracture, and it is hard to achieve an accurate assessment. Biomechanical CT (BCT) technology, based on CT digital modeling and finite element analysis, aims at non-invasive calculation of individual bone strength, bridging the gap between biomechanics and clinical evaluation of fracture risk. In vitro mechanical experiment of vertebrae has proved that BCT is more accurate than BMD in evaluating vertebral fracture strength. Clinical studies have also shown that BCT is superior to DXA inidentifying existing fractures and predicting new fractures. In this article, the implementation process of the BCT technology was introduced, as well as critical parameters during each step affecting its result . The research progress of the BCT technique for in vitro validation and in vivo assessment of vertebral fracture risk was also summarized, with the aim to promote the application of BCT technology in clinical assessment of vertebral fracture risk for the Chinese people.

Impact of Perceived Product Value on Customer-Based Brand Equity: Marx's Theory - Value-Based Perspective.

Management research is allocating energies to seek ways to improve organizational performance. Branding has become a significant phenomenon that academicians and scholars have studied. Improving the brand's overall equity requires strategies that the brand managers must implement. Based on Marx's theory, the present study attempts to determine the role of product perceived value on customer-based brand equity, brand resonance and customer affective commitment, respectively. Moreover, this study also tries to determine the mediating roles of brand resonance and customer affective commitment in the relationship between product perceived value and customer-based brand equity, respectively. For this purpose, the data were gathered from 310 customers of branding products in China. The present study applied partial least square structural equation modeling for empirical analyses using Smart PLS software. The present study's findings acknowledge that product perceived value did not directly influence customer-based brand equity. However, results confirmed that product perceived value positively influences brand resonance and customer affective commitment. Furthermore, the outcomes of the present study also concluded that both brand resonance and affective commitment played a mediating role between product perceived value and customer-based brand equity, respectively. Theoretically, the study contributed to the literature by examining the influence of product perceived value on customer-based brand equity. The study also enriched the literature by providing key findings related to the mediating roles of brand resonance and customer affective commitment. Practically, the study is beneficial for the brands and they can enhance product perceived value by improving product design, effectively communicating product benefits, and executing effective promotional strategies.

A novel intranasal administration adenoviral vector-based platform for rapid COVID-19 vaccine development

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has a severe impact on global public health, and the emerging variants threaten the efficacy of the circulating vaccines. Here, we report that a single vaccination with a non-replicating chimpanzee adenovirus-based vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (JS1-delta) elicits potent humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity in mice. Additionally, a single intranasal administration of JS1-delta provides effective protection against the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant challenge in mice. This study indicates that chimpanzee adenovirus type 3 (ChAd3) derived vector represents a promising platform for antiviral vaccine development against respiratory infections and JS1-delta is worth further investigation in human clinical trials. HighlightsO_LIA new chimpanzee adenoviral vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was developed. C_LIO_LIThe vaccine elicited potent humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity in mice. C_LIO_LIThe vaccine protected mice from the Delta variant challenge. C_LI

Dicer requiring for astrocyte quiescence in developing brains / 解剖学报

Objective To explore whether microRNAs (miRNA) in astrocytes participate in regulating the phenotypic switch in the developing central nervous system (CNS). Methods The hGFAP-CreERT; Dicer fl/fl; mT/mG and Dicer fl/fl; mT/mG mice were generated and induced by tamoxifen (TMF). The)' were divided into 7 days, 10 days, 14 days Dicer conditional knock out (Dicer CKO) group and control group according to their age and the expression of hGFAP-CreERT. These 24 mice were divided into six groups and each group contained four mice. Then the change of astrocytes in the developing CNS was observed by immunofluorescenct staining. Results Both of the densities of astrocytes and microglial cells increased in the Dicer CKO mice brains as compared to littermate controls. Conclusion Dicer and miRNA of astrocytes are important for astrocytes quiescence in developing brains.

Analysis of flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides in the Tibetan herb Lagotis brevituba Maxim based on UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS / 药学学报

Ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem linear ion trap orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS) was applied to analyze and identify flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides in the Tibetan herb Lagotis brevituba Maxim. A method of data-dependent scan coupling with dynamic exclusion was developed for analyzing flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides under positive and negative ion mode of electrospray ionization (ESI). The compounds of Lagotis brevituba Maxim. were systematically identified through exact molecular mass, fragmentation patterns, retention time and reported references. A total of 167 compounds were detected, of which 84 were flavonoids and 83 were phenylethanoid glycosides, which greatly enriched the number and types of flavonoids and phenylethanol glycosides in Lagotis genus medicinal plants. Baohuoside Ⅰ, 4 disaccharide O-glycoside flavonoids (composed of deoxyhexose and glucuronic acid), 9 C-glycoside flavonoids, 15 tetrasaccharide phenylethanoid glycosides and 5 phenylethanoid glycosides with substituents on the β-position of the phenylethyl group were identified in Lagotis genus medicinal plants for the first time. This study provides scientific support for elucidating the material basis and improving the quality control of Lagotis brevituba Maxim.

Accuracy of digital planning in zygomatic implants.

BACKGROUND: Zygomatic implants have been described as a therapeutic alternative for patients with severe maxillary atrophy in order to avoid bone augmentation procedures. Taking that into account, in these treatments, the key factor is the position of the implant, the virtual surgical planning (VSP) is widespread among most clinicians before surgery on the patient. However, there are no studies which evaluate the clinical relevance of these VSP. The aim of this study is to determine whether digital planning on zygomatic implants has any influence on the implant dimensions and position, even when performing conventional surgery afterwards. RESULTS: Fourteen zygomatic implants were placed in four patients. Pre-operative and post-operative helicoidal computed tomography were performed to each patient to allow the comparison between the digital planning and the final position of implants. Tridimensional deviation (TD), mesio-distal deviation (MDD), bucco-palatine deviation (BPD), and apico-coronal deviation (ACD) were evaluated as well as angular deviation (AD). Significative differences in apical TD were observed with a mean of 6.114 ± 4.28 mm (p < 0.05). Regarding implant position, only implants placed in the area of the first right molar reported significant differences (p < 0.05) for ACD. Also, implant length larger than 45 mm showed BPD significative differences (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Zygomatic implant surgery is a complex surgical procedure, and although VSP is a useful tool which helps the clinician determine the number and the length of zygomatic implants as well as its proper position, surgical experience is still mandatory.

Study on the clinical characteristics of isolated congenital anosmia / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To retrospectively analysely the electrophysiological and imaging features of isolated congenital anosmia (ICA) and to assess the clinical phenotypic characteristics and classification of ICA. Methods: Clinical data of 30 ICA patients in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from 2012 to 2019 was retrospectively reviewed, including 13 males and 17 females, aged (35±19) years. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people from medical examination center, including 13 males and 17 females, aged (39±14) years. The clinical characteristics of ICA were analyzed using Sniffin' Sticks test, olfactory event-related potentials (oERPs), trigeminal event-related potentials (tERP) and olfactory pathway MRI. SPSS 17.0 software was used to compare the difference of olfactory function between the two groups. The correlation between olfactory bulb, olfactory sulcus structure and age was observed, and the clinical phenotype characteristics of ICA patients were analyzed. Results: The subjective olfactory function was completely lost in ICA patients. oERP was absent in all of the ICA patients, but showed normal N1 and P2 waves in controls. tERP could be evoked in 63.3% (19/30) of ICA patients, and signals in these patients showed higher amplitude in the N1 ((-10.33±6.93) μV vs (-5.11±2.71) μV, t=-10.113, P<0.01) and P2 ((+17.25±8.51) μV vs (+7.31±3.46) μV, t=5.443, P<0.01) waves than that of the controls. Olfactory bulbs were aplastic in 80.0% (24/30) of patients and hypoplastic in 20.0% (6/30) of patients. Fifty-six point seven percent (17/30) of patients had bilateral olfactory sulcus deletion while 43.3% (13/30) had dysplasia, and all of the patients exhibited a depth of olfactory sulcus less than 8 mm. Both the structure of olfactory bulbs and olfactory sulcus were not associated with age for ICA patients (r value was -0.174 and 0.325, respectively, all P>0.05). Conclusions: ICA patients show neurophysiologic deficits and some anatomic differences compared with healthy controls. The absence of oERP combining with a depth of olfactory sulcus less than 8 mm is the important indicator for clinical diagnosis of ICA. The structure of olfactory bulb may be a critical factor for clinical classification of ICA.