Network analysis of perception of exercise benefits/barriers and kinesiophobia among patients with cardiovascular diseases.

BACKGROUND: Perception of exercise benefits/barriers and kinesiophobia are important predictors of low exercise behaviors in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Little is known about the complex intercorrelations between different components of perception of exercise benefits/barriers and kinesiophobia. OBJECTIVES: To identify the central components of kinesiophobia and to explore the interconnectedness between perception of exercise benefits/barriers and kinesiophobia. METHODS: A total of 258 patients with CVDs were recruited in this study. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart and the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale were used to assess kinesiophobia and perception of exercise benefits/barriers. R software was used to visualize the networks and analyze the centrality of the networks. The index "expected influence" and "bridge expected influence" were employed to identify the central components and the bridge components of the networks. RESULTS: In the item network of kinesiophobia, three items ("It is really not safe for a person in my condition to be physically active/exercise", "I cannot do the same things as others because there is a too big risk that I will get heart problems", and "If I tried to be physically active/exercise my heart problem would increase") had the highest expected influence. In the exercise benefits/barriers-kinesiophobia network, the dimension of physical exertion had the highest positive bridge expected influence, while psychological outlook had highest negative value. CONCLUSIONS: The three central components of kinesiophobia and the two bridge components (perception exercise barriers of physical exertion and perception exercise benefits of psychological outlook) should be targeted in specific intervention for relieving kinesiophobia and further promoting exercise behaviors.

Dissection of the practical soybean breeding pipeline by developing ZDX1, a high-throughput functional array.

KEY MESSAGE: We developed the ZDX1 high-throughput functional soybean array for high accuracy evaluation and selection of both parents and progeny, which can greatly accelerate soybean breeding. Microarray technology facilitates rapid, accurate, and economical genotyping. Here, using resequencing data from 2214 representative soybean accessions, we developed the high-throughput functional array ZDX1, containing 158,959 SNPs, covering 90.92% of soybean genes and sites related to important traits. By application of the array, a total of 817 accessions were genotyped, including three subpopulations of candidate parental lines, parental lines and their progeny from practical breeding. The fixed SNPs were identified in progeny, indicating artificial selection during the breeding process. By identifying functional sites of target traits, novel soybean cyst nematode-resistant progeny and maturity-related novel sources were identified by allele combinations, demonstrating that functional sites provide an efficient method for the rapid screening of desirable traits or gene sources. Notably, we found that the breeding index (BI) was a good indicator for progeny selection. Superior progeny were derived from the combination of distantly related parents, with at least one parent having a higher BI. Furthermore, new combinations based on good performance were proposed for further breeding after excluding redundant and closely related parents. Genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) analysis was the best analysis method and achieved the highest accuracy in predicting four traits when comparing SNPs in genic regions rather than whole genomic or intergenic SNPs. The prediction accuracy was improved by 32.1% by using progeny to expand the training population. Collectively, a versatile assay demonstrated that the functional ZDX1 array provided efficient information for the design and optimization of a breeding pipeline for accelerated soybean breeding.