Determination of the total antioxidant capacity of the Chinese tea based on a novel "peroxidase/zirconium phosphonate"composite electrochemical sensor.

In this work, a novel zirconium phosphonate (ZrPR1R2) was prepared by decorating both the aminoethoxy- group (R1) and the carboxypropyl- group (R2) on the zirconium phosphate layers in order to manipulate further the immobilization of the peroxidase (POD), and an antioxidant biosensor with higher sensitivity was constructed by dropping the POD/ZrPR1R2 composite onto the glassy carbon electrode surface. The activity of the POD/ZrPR1R2 composite was detected by Uv-vis spectra. The direct electrochemical behavior, the electrocatalytic response to dissolved oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, as well as the ability to detect total antioxidant capacity in tea sample were investigated by the methods of cyclic voltammetry. The results indicated that the immobilization of POD in ZrPR1R2 nanosheets matrix enhanced the enzymatic activity, and achieved the fast and direct electron transfer between POD and glassy carbon electrode. Moreover, the POD/ZrPR1R2 composite modified electrode show the electrocatalytic response to hydrogen peroxide in the linear range of 8.8×10-8 to 8.8×10-7 mol L-1, with the detection limit of 3.3×10-8 mol L-1. Attributing to the sensitive response to dissolved oxygen, the total antioxidant capacity can be detected directly in the real tea water by this POD/ZrPR1R2 composite modified electrode.

Transcriptomic study of the mechanism of anoikis resistance in head and neck squamous carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Normal epithelial cells rapidly undergo apoptosis as soon as they lose contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is termed as anoikis. However, cancer cells tend to develop a resistance mechanism to anoikis. This acquired ability is termed as anoikis resistance. Cancer cells, with anoikis resistance, can spread to distant tissues or organs via the peripheral circulatory system and cause cancer metastasis. Thus, inhibition of anoikis resistance blocks the metastatic ability of cancer cells. METHODS: Anoikis-resistant CAL27 (CAL27AR) cells were induced from CAL27 cells using the suspension culture approach. Transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-Seq to study the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the CAL27ARcells and the parental CAL27 cells. Gene function annotation and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were performed using DAVID database. Signaling pathways involved in DEGs were analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software. Analysis results were confirmed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), western blotting, and gene correlation analysis based on the TCGA database. RESULTS: GO enrichment analysis indicated that the biological process (BP) of the DEGs was associated with epidermal development, DNA replication, and G1/S transition of the mitotic cell cycle. The analysis of cellular component (CC) showed that the most significant up-regulated genes were related to extracellular exosome. KEGG Pathway analysis revealed that 23 signaling pathways were activated (p-value ≤ 0.05, FDR q-value ≤ 0.05) and 22 signaling pathways were suppressed (p-value ≤ 0.05, FDR q-value ≤ 0.05). The results from the GSEA indicated that in contrast to the inhibition of EGFR signaling pathway, the VEGF signaling pathway was activated. The VEGF signaling pathway possibly activates STAT3 though induction of STAT3 phosphorylation. Gene correlation analysis revealed that the VEGFA- STAT3-KLF4-CDKN1A signal axis was not only present in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) but also two other epithelial-derived carcinomas that highly express VEGFA, including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV).

[Cannulation related complications and prevention for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: clinical report and reviews of experience of 34 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To review the cannulation strategies and associated vascular complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and to investigate the etiology and preventive procedures for those complications. METHODS: From January 2007 to December 2011, 34 patients (21 male and 13 female patients, aged from 23 to 66 years) underwent ECMO support through open approach, semi-Seldinger method or full Seldinger method of cannulation. Bleeding and limb ischemia related to the approach as major complications were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The ECMO duration were 2 to 21 days. Twenty-four patients (70.6%) successfully weaned from ECMO and 18 patients (52.9%) discharged. The venoarterial mode was used in 26 patients, and venovenous mode in 8 patients. Eight patients (30.8%, 6 for open approach and 2 for semi-seldinger) observed with limb ischemia, 2 of them required amputation, 1 had claudicatory sequela. Eleven and 6 patients suffered from bleeding and vessel injury respectively, all of them recovered by suitable treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The proper size of cannula, optimal approch and position adjustment, accurate cannula placement and carefully attendance are the key points to decrease the cannulation related complications.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during double-lung transplantation: single center experience.

BACKGROUND: For patients with end-stage lung diseases, lung transplantation is the final therapeutic option. Sequential double-lung transplantation is recognized as an established procedure to avoid cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). But some of the sequential double-lung transplantations require CPB support during the surgical procedure for various reasons. However, conventional CPB may increase the risk of bleeding and early allograft dysfunction. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is more advantageous than conventional CPB during the perioperative period of transplantation. Replacing traditional CPB with ECMO is promising for those patients needing cardiopulmonary support during a sequential double-lung transplantation procedure. This study aimed to summarize the preliminary experience of ECMO practice in lung transplantation. METHODS: Between November 2002 and October 2008, twelve patients with end-stage lung diseases undergoing sequential double-lung transplantation were subjected to ECMO during the surgical procedure. Eleven patients were prepared for the procedure via transverse thoracostomy (clamshell) and cannulated through the ascending aorta and right atrium for ECMO. The first patient who underwent bilateral thoracotomy for bilateral sequential lung transplantation required emergency ECMO via the femoral artery and vein during the second lung implantation. The Medtronic centrifugal pump and ECMO package (CB1V97R1, Medtronic, Inc., USA) were used for all of the patients. RESULTS: During ECMO, the blood flow rate was set between 1.8 - 2.0 L x m(-2) x min(-1) to keep hemodynamic and oxygen saturation stable; colloid oncotic pressure was maintained at more than 18 mmHg with albumin and hematocrit (HCT) kept at 28% or more. Two patients died early in this series and the other 10 patients were weaned from ECMO successfully. The duration of ECMO was 1.38 - 67.00 hours, and postoperative intubation was 10.5 - 67.0 hours. CONCLUSIONS: As an established technique of cardiopulmonary support, ECMO is helpful to keep hemodynamics stable, while reducing risk factors such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, anticoagulation requirement and systemic inflammatory response for sequential double-lung transplantation compared with conventional CPB.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the management of respiratory failure caused by diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was developed as a supportive therapy to treat severe respiratory failure. When conventional mechanical ventilation has failed or when there is not enough time to treat the pathology, ECMO has the potential to sustain life. In this report, successful use of ECMO to support an adult patient with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitides complicated by severe respiratory failure caused by diffuse alveolar hemorrhage will be discussed.

[The effects of pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures by radial artery pressure and waveform: the preliminary evaluation].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility of radial artery pressure and waveform as a convenient definition of pulsatile flow and the the effect of pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedures. METHODS: From March 2008 to December, Eighty patients underwent open heart surgery were randomly divided into a pulsatile group (P, n=45) and a nonpulsatile group (NP, n=35). Monitored by radial artery pressure and waveform, the pulsatile low was applied from the point of the aortic cross-clamp until its release in P group. A P group of patients whose radial artery pressure and waveform revealed "double peak" or "single peak" (>30 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) were compared with NP group. Parameters examined were lactate, urine volume, high sensitivity C reactive protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, blood uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, ratio of urine for occult blood test, prothrombin time and tracheal intubation time. RESULTS: The waveform with "double peak" or "single peak" (>30 mm Hg) presented in 35 (77.78%) in P group. The urine volume during CPB was significantly higher in P group. The lactate (P<0.01) during CPB, high sensitivity C reactive protein (P<0.05), increasing extend of lactic acid dehydrogenase (P<0.05) and the prothrombin time (P<0.01) after CPB were significantly lower in P group. The blood uric acid after CPB was increased in P group and decreased in NP group. CONCLUSIONS: Effective pulsatile flow can be generated by optimization of equipment and adjustment of pulsatile parameter. The radial artery pressure and waveform is a convenient definition of pulsatile flow. The pulsatile flow is predominant monitored by radial artery pressure and waveform.