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Background: Breast cancer persists as a major public health issue on a global scale. Lymphangiogenesis is an indispensable element in the promotion of breast cancer metastasis. Inhibiting the metastasis of breast cancer can be accomplished through targeting lymphangiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to examine research trends, major topics, and development directions of lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer through a bibliometric analysis, which may serve as a reference for future research and clinical practice. Methods: English publications with article type article or review about lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer from inception to September 30, 2023, retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection Database (WOSCC), and VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Microsoft Excel were applied for bibliometric study. Results: In this paper, a total of 369 articles and reviews were included. The 369 papers were written by 2120 authors from 553 organizations across 42 countries, published in 199 journals, and cited 12458 references from 1801 journals up to September 30, 2023. Moreover, the annual publications had a rising trajectory between 2004 to 2014 but declined from 2015. The US was the leading nation in publications and citations. Meanwhile, academics Mousumi Majumder and Peeyush Lala had the highest cumulative number of publications. Based on the number of publications/citations, Cancer Research was the most influential journal. The most cited paper was "Lymphangiogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Promise" by Tuomas Tammela, published in the Journal of Cell. Additionally, keywords frequency analysis demonstrated that "lymphangiogenesis," "breast cancer," "VEGF-C," "angiogenesis," and "metastasis" were the most frequent keywords, and the newly emergent topics could be represented by "tumor microenvironment," "metastasis," "stem-cell," "triple-negative breast cancer," and "blood vessels." Conclusions: Currently, there is a strong research basis for lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer. The core research team was primarily situated in the US. Investigating the mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer will always remain a highly discussed topic. In particular, it was essential to emphasize the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and tumor microenvironment, stem cells, triple-negative breast cancer, and metastasis, which could be the frontiers.
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Approximately 59 % of patients with breast cancer with one or two sentinel lymph nodes (1-2 SLN) macrometastases do not benefit from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), which may also incur morbidities. It is necessary to evaluate the association between various clinicopathological characteristics and non-sentinel lymph node metastases (non-SLNM) in patients with breast cancer with 1-2 SLN macrometastases, and determine whether they 1-2 should avoid ALND. Eight electronic literature databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal, Wanfang, and Chinese Biomedical Literature) were searched from their inception to June 30, 2023, and two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. Association strength was summarized using odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was accounted for using a subgroup analysis. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test. There were 25 studies with 8021 participants, and 27 potential risk factors were evaluated. The risk factors for non-SLNM in patients with 1-2 SLN macrometastatic breast cancer include the following: factors of primary tumor: multifocality (OR (95 % CI (2.63 (1.96, 3.54))), tumor size ≥ T2 (2.64 (2.22, 3.14)), tumor localization (upper outer quad) (2.06 (1.23, 3.43)), histopathological grade (G3) (2.45 (1.70, 3.52)), vascular invasion (VI) (2.60 (1.35, 4.98)), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (2.87 (1.80, 4.56)), perineural invasion (PNI) (3.16 (1.18,8.43)). Factors of lymph nodes: method of SLNs detected (blue dye) (3.85 (1.54, 9.60)), SLN metastasis ratio ≥0.5 (2.79 (2.24, 3.48)), two positive SLNs (3.55, (2.08, 6.07)), zero negative SLN (3.72 (CI 2.50, 4.29)), extranodal extension (ENE) (4.69 (2.16, 10.18)). Molecular typing: Her-2 positive (2.08 (1.26, 3.43)), Her-2 over-expressing subtype (1.83 (1.22, 2.73)). Factors of examination/inspection: axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) positive on imaging (3.18 (1.68, 6.00)), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) (4.01 (2.33,6.89)), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (2.13 (1.32-3.43)). This review identified the risk factors for non-SLNM in patients with 1-2 SLN macrometastatic breast cancer. However, additional studies are needed to confirm the above findings owing to the limited number and types of studies included.
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Background: In the Qing dynasty, Yanghe decoction was as a therapeutic soup for effectively treating chronic inflammatory disorders. It was used as a therapeutic soup for effectively treating chronic inflammatory disorders. In the clinical use of Yanghe decoction, the adjustment of the medication for a variety of inflammatory diseases have therapeutic effect, including mastitis. Therefore, Jiawei Yanghe decoction (JWYHD) may be used to treat inflammatory breast diseases. Methods: First, LM- and JWYHD-related components were retrieved from the database and analysis platform. Next, protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to screen the key targets, and gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genome enrichment analyses were performed to predict the potential biological functions and mechanisms of JWYHD. Simultaneously, the JWYHD samples were collected and analyzed by UPLC-HRMS. Finally, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to construct animal and cellular inflammation models of mastitis with LPS. Pathological changes in the mammary tissues were detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting was performed to determine the mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway in the breast tissues to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms of anti-mastitis effects of JWYHD from different aspects. Results: In total, 103 compounds were detected in JWYHD by UPLC-HRMS. 691 active ingredients of JWYHD were screened by network pharmacology, and 47 LM-related targets were identified. The PPI network analysis of the targets revealed the 5 core targets. The KEGG enrichment results established the NF-κB signaling pathways as the core. After JWYHD intervention, low inflammatory enrichment and mild inflammatory damage in breast tissues were observed. Furthermore, JWYHD treatment affected mammary gland inflammatory cytokines and the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway by considerably reducing the respective protein levels and gene expression; thus, JWYHD alleviated LM symptoms. Conclusions: We hypothesized and demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of JWYHD by cytokine regulation via the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, JWYHD showed its potential in LM treatment and in treating other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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OBJECTIVE: To perform Genome-wide analysis of Gypenoside XLIX (Gyp-XLIX) in the treatment of fatty liver cells. METHODS: The gene profiles of 3 normal liver cells, 3 fatty liver cells, and 3 fatty liver cells treated with Gyp-XLIX were detected by high-throughput sequencing to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in fatty liver treated by Gyp-XLIX. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were used to explore the biological functions of DEGs. By constructing lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network of DEGs, network node genes were mined. Possible target genes of differentially expressed lncRNA were predicted by cis regulation. RESULTS: 782 DEGs were screened out; that is, 172 genes were highly expressed in fatty liver cells, and the expression decreased to the level of normal liver cells after Gyp-XLIX treatment; 610 genes were under expressed in fatty liver cells, and the expression increased to the level of normal liver cells after Gyp-XLIX treatment. Functional analysis of KEGG and GO showed that DEGs process DNA-binding transcription factor activity and ion transmembrane transporter activity in the plasma membrane region. This mediates glycerophospholipid metabolism, bile secretion, fatty acid degradation and other signaling pathways. lncRNA analysis showed that the expression of 16 lncRNAs was low in fatty liver cells, and the expression was increased to the level of normal liver cells after Gyp-XLIX treatment. Target gene prediction showed that 16 differentially expressed lncRNAs had cis potential to regulate target genes, among which lncRNA RPARP-AS1 had a high degree of relationship with other genes. lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network results showed that lncRNA RPARP-AS1 may acted on NFKB2. CONCLUSION: LncRNA was differentially expressed in fatty liver cells and Gyp-XLIX treated fatty liver cells, and lncRNA RPARP-AS1 may be a regulatory gene in Gyp-XLIX treated fatty liver.
